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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of Social Behavior in the Vespidae (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 25 (1980), S. 371-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.25.010180.002103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for an alarm substance inPolistes canadensis (1982)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 329-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this tropical social wasp the odor of venom elicits an alarm response, reduces the threshold for attack, and acts as an attractant. Attack is released visually; dark colored objects were shown to be more effective releasers than were moving objects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01949373
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-size-based morphological castes in a social insect (1995)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 82 (1995), S. 296-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01134530
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-Size-Based Morphological Castes in a Social Insect (1995)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 82 (1995), S. 296-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01134530
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forager success increases with experience inPolybia occidentalis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 39 (1992), S. 451-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Foraging ; reliability ; task performance ; wasps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Foragers of the neotropical swarm-founding waspPolybia occidentalis showed improved task performance, as indicated by foraging success rate, with foraging age. Foragers also spent significantly more time in the field on foraging trips as they aged, while foraging rate did not change with age. These patterns were not explained by directional changes in resource availability or colony need over time. We compare these results to earlier findings on changes in task performance with experience in social insect foragers, and suggest that increases in forager persistence in the field explain improved foraging success with experience.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240628
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Richards' gland and associated cuticular modifications in social wasps of the genusPolybia Lepeletier (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae, Polybiini) (1982)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 280-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung O.W. Richards hat in letzter Zeit eine exocrine Drüse entdeckt, deren Offnung sich am fünften (Penultimal) Sterniten von Weibchen befindet. Diese Insekten gehören zu einer ganzen Zahl von Polybiine Wespen Arten. Wir beschreiben hier die Morphologie einer Drüse, bestimmt durch Licht-Microscopie, in vier Arten vonPolybia. Die Drüsenzellen haben individuelle Offnungen an der Oberfläche des Sterniten, wo ihre Absonderung in einem von der intersegmentalen Membrane Behälter aufgehoben wird. Die Anderungen in der sternalen Cuticula, wo sich die Drüsenöffnung befindet, wurden in 12Polybia Arten mit dem Elektronen-mikroskop untersucht. Wir fanden 2 Typen von Anderungen: bei 5 Arten öffnet sich die Drüse in eine transverse Rinne, und bei 7 Arten bildet die Cuticula aufrechte Schuppen. Es hat den Anschein daß Drüsen dort grösser sind wo Rinnen vorkommen, obwohl das Insekt an sich nicht grösser ist.
    Notes: Summary O.W. Richards recently discovered an exocrine gland that opens on the fifth (penultimate) sternite of females of many species of polybiine wasps. Recent experimental evidence indicates that this gland produces the trail pheromone used to guide the swarm during emigration to a new nest site. In the present paper we describe the morphology of the gland in four species ofPolybia as seen using light microscopy. The gland cells open via individual ducts onto the surface near the anterior margin of the sternite, where their secretion is evidently stored in a reservoir formed by the intersegmental membrane. The modifications of the sternal cuticle associated with the gland opening, which we examined in 12Polybia species using scanning electron microscopy, are of two types: in five species the gland opens into a transverse groove, while in the other seven the cuticle is raised into erect scales. There is some evidence that the groove type is correlated with larger gland size; there is only a poor correlation with larger body size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02228757
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex Pheromone inPolistes fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): Effect of age, caste and mating (1985)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 32 (1985), S. 70-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Weibchen jeden Alters, Kasten als wohl als solche mit früherer Kopulationserfahrung verursachten geschlechtliches Verhalten bei Männchen der sozialen WespePolistes fuscatus (F.). Gifte der Arbeiter, Königinnen, unbefruchteten Weibchen 〉 24 Stunden alt und befruchtete Weibchen 〉 14 Tage alt waren wirksam und riefen männliches sexual Verhalten hervor. Aus diesem Grunde enthalten diese Gifte Geschlechtspheromone. Gift von Weibchen 〈 15 h alt riefen kein heufigeres Geschlechtsverhalten hervor als Kontrol-Weibchen.
    Notes: Summary Females of all ages, castes, and prior mating experiences elicited sexual behavior in males of the social waspPolistes fuscatus (F.). The venoms of workers, queens, uninseminated gynes more than 24 hours old, and inseminated gynes more than 14 days old were effective in stimulating male sexual behavior, and thus contained sex pheromone. The venom of gynes less than 15 hours old did not stimulate a significantly greater frequency of male sexual behavior than did the control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02233227
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of colony characteristics on life span and foraging behavior of individual wasps (Polybia occidentalis, Hymenoptera: Vespidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 39 (1992), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Behavioral control ; behavioral development ; contingency ; life span
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We studied the effects of intrinsic colony characteristics and an imposed contingency on the life span and behavior of foragers in the swarm-founding social waspPolybia occidentalis. Data were collected on marked, known-age workers introduced into four observation colonies. To test the hypothesis that colony demographic features affect worker life span, we examined the relationships of colony age and size with worker life span using survivorship analysis. Colony age and size had positive relationships with life span; marked workers from two larger, older colonies had longer life spans (¯X = 24.7 days) than those from two smaller, younger colonies (¯X = 20.1 days). We quantified the effects of experimentally imposed nest damage on forager behavior, to determine which of three predicted behavioral responses by foragers to this contingency (increased probability of foraging for building material, increased rate of foraging, or decrease in age of onset of foraging) would be employed. Increasing the colony level of need for materials used in nest construction (wood pulp and water) by damaging the nests of two colonies did not cause an increase in either the proportion of marked workers that gathered nest materials or in foraging rates of marked individuals, when compared with introduced workers in two simultaneously observed control colonies. Instead, nest damage caused a decrease in the age at which marked workers first foraged for pulp and water. The response to an increase in the need for building materials was an acceleration of behavioral development in some workers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240532
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of sternal glands in male polistine wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidæ) (1985)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 32 (1985), S. 186-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Männliche Sternaldrüsen sind beschrieben für 28 Wespenarten von 12 polistinen Gattungen. Drüsen und zugehörene kutikulare Änderungen dieser und früherer beschreibten Männchen wurden mit Drüsen der konspezifischen Weibchen verglichen. Es stellte sich heraus, dass Männchen in 4 schwärmenden Gattungen Drüsen haben, die morphologisch und örtlich denen der Weibchen ähnlich sind. Diese Drüsen haben Kanäle, welche entweder mit aufrechten Schuppen am vorderen Rand des fünften Sterniten (Metapolybia, Chartergus, undPolybia) oder mit einem Band von Haaren an dem vorderen Rand des vierten und füften Sterniten (Apoica) versehen sind. Männchen vonRopalidia montana haben Kanal-Zellen auf dem fünften und sechsten Sterniten, während Weibchen solche nur auf dem sechsten Sterniten haben. Bei Männchen vorBrachygastra augusti sind Kanal-Zellen auf dem fünften, sechsten und siebten Sterniten zu finden, während die Weibchen solche nur auf dem fünften haben. Im gegensatz zu Weibchen, haben diese Drüsen keine abgeänderte Kutikula. Arten, die zu den anderen drei Schärmenden Gattungen gehören, zeigen bei Männchen keine Sternaldrüsen vor. Männchen von Gattungen, die Kolonien unabhängig gründen (Mischocyttarus, Polistes, Belonogaster, Parapolybia), haben Drüsenzellen die den hinteren 2/3 oder halben Teil des Sterniten bedecken, während bei Weibchen, diese Drüsenzellen am vorderen Teil des Sternits vorkommen.
    Notes: Summary The sternal glands of 28 species of male wasps belonging to 12 polistine genera are described. Glands and associated cuticular modifications of these males and of males described in past studies are compared to those of conspecific females. Males in species of four swarm-founding genera have glandular areas similar in morphology and location to those of females. The glands are comprised of ducted cells associated with either a bed of erect cuticular scales along the anterior edge of the fifth sternite (Metapolybia, Chartergus, andPolybia) or a band of hairs along the anterior margin of both the fifth and sixth sternites(Apoica). Ropalidia montana males have ducted gland cells on sternites five and six, rather than just on six as in congeneric females;Brachygastra augusti males have them on sternites five through seven, rather than just on five as in their conspecific females. Also unlike those of conspecific females, these glands are not associated with any cuticular modification. Species in the remaining three swarm-founding genera lack male sternal glands. Males of independent-founding genera (Mischocyttarus, Polistes, Belonogaster, andParapolybia) have glandular cells covering the posterior 2/3 or 1/2 of the sternite, rather than the anterior portion as in their congeneric females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02224232
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alarm in a wasp-wasp nesting association: Do members signal cross-specifically? (1996)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 43 (1996), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Alarm ; venom ; interspecific communication ; nesting association ; Vespidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We studied interspecific alarm communication between two species of social wasps in a nesting association in northwestern Costa Rica by testing the alarm responses ofPolybia occidentalis andMischocyttarus immarginatus to venom of both species. This is the first investigation of alarm pheromone in the genusMischocyttarus. M. immarginatus did not respond with alarm behavior to the venom of either species.P. occidentalis, which responds to its own venom with alarm behavior (Jeanne, 1981), also responded with alarm behavior to the venom ofM. immarginatus, but with much less intensity. Since heterospecific venoms did not release species-typical levels of alarm behavior, we conclude that interspecific alarm signalling plays no role in the nesting association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242572
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