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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What leads to reduced fitness in non-photochemical quenching mutants? (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 125 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Feedback de-excitation (FDE) is a process that protects photosystem II from damage during short periods of overexcitation. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking this mechanism have reduced fitness in environments with variable light intensities. We have assayed the physiological consequences of mutations resulting in the lack of FDE and analysed the differences between field-grown plants and plants grown under fluctuating light in the laboratory. We show that FDE is an important mechanism in short-term responses to fluctuating light. Anthocyanin and carbohydrate levels indicated that the mutant plants were stressed to a higher degree than wild-type (WT) plants. Field-grown mutants were photo-inactivated to a greater degree than WT, whereas mutant plants in the fluctuating light environment in the laboratory seemed to downregulate the photosynthetic quantum yield, thereby avoiding photo-damage but resulting in impaired growth in the case of one mutant. Finally, we provide evidence that FDE is most important under conditions when photosynthesis limits plant growth, for example during flower and seed development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00547.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intermittent low temperatures constrain spring recovery of photosynthesis in boreal Scots pine forests (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: During winter and early spring, evergreen boreal conifers are severely stressed because light energy cannot be used when photosynthesis is pre-empted by low ambient temperatures. To study photosynthetic performance dynamics in a severe boreal climate, seasonal changes in photosynthetic pigments, chloroplast proteins and photochemical efficiency were studied in a Scots pine forest near Zotino, Central Siberia. In winter, downregulation of photosynthesis involved loss of chlorophylls, a twofold increase in xanthophyll cycle pigments and sustained high levels of the light stress-induced zeaxanthin pigment. The highest levels of xanthophylls and zeaxanthin did not occur during the coldest winter period, but rather in April when light was increasing, indicating an increased capacity for thermal dissipation of excitation energy at that time. Concomitantly, in early spring the D1 protein of the photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre and the light-harvesting complex of PSII dropped to their lowest annual levels. In April and May, recovery of PSII activity, chloroplast protein synthesis and rearrangements of pigments were observed as air temperatures increased above 0°C. Nevertheless, severe intermittent low-temperature episodes during this period not only halted but actually reversed the physiological recovery. During these spring low-temperature episodes, protective processes involved a complementary function of the PsbS and early light-induced protein thylakoid proteins. Full recovery of photosynthesis did not occur until the end of May. Our results show that even after winter cold hardening, photosynthetic activity in evergreens responds opportunistically to environmental change throughout the cold season. Therefore, climate change effects potentially improve the sink capacity of boreal forests for atmospheric carbon. However, earlier photosynthesis in spring in response to warmer temperatures is strongly constrained by environmental variation, counteracting the positive effects of an early recovery process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00781.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-induced changes of photosystem II activity in dark-grown Scots pine seedlings (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 84 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Both chlorophyll a and b and polypeptides of the photosynthetic apparatus are found in gymnosperm seedlings. germinated and grown in absolute darkness. The photosystem II (PSII) activity is, however, limited, probably due to an inactive oxygen evolving system. In the present study dark-grown seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were transferred to light and changes in antenna size and the activation process of PSII were investigated using fluorescence measurements and quantitative western blotting. It was found that the activation process is rapid, requires very little light and that strong light inhibits the process. It takes place without any changes in the primary reactions of PSII. Furthermore, all polypeptides except the major light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein complex of PSII (LHCII) were present in dark-grown seedlings in amounts comparable to the light treated control. The dark-grown seedlings had the same LHCII polypeptide composition as light treated seedlings, and the LHCII present seemed to be fully connected to the reaction centre. The results indicate that activation of PSII in dark-grown conifer seedlings resembles the photoactivation process of angiosperms. This implies that the fundamental processes in the assembly of the photosystem II complex is the same in all plants, but that the regulation differs between different taxa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb08757.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Proposal for Extending the Nomenclature of Light-Harvesting Proteins of the Three Transmembrane Helix Type (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology reporter 17 (1999), S. 221-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9818
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007620508007
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pigment-binding protein essential for regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 403 (2000), S. 391-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Photosynthetic light harvesting in plants is regulated in response to changes in incident light intensity. Absorption of light that exceeds a plant's capacity for fixation of CO2 results in thermal dissipation of excitation energy in the pigment antenna of photosystem II by a poorly ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35000131
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type I and Type II genes for the chlorophyll a/b-binding protein in the gymnosperm Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine): cDNA cloning and sequence analysis (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 14 (1990), S. 287-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cab genes ; CpG frequency ; gymnosperm ; mRNA preparation ; Scots pine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA library was constructed from mRNA prepared from light-treated seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and cDNAs for the chlorophyll a/b-binding protein LHC-II were identified using a pea gene as the heterologous probe. Three cDNA clones were sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences of two of the genes corresponded to Type I and one to Type II LHC-II proteins which were ca. 90% homologous to their angiosperm counterparts. The transit peptides of the Scots pine preLHC-II showed features common to angiosperm transit peptides. The three cDNAs had a 70 to 75% preference for G+C in the third base position. CpG and GpC profiles and degenerate codon position bias suggested that two of the corresponding genes lie within CpG islands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028766
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary conservation of the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins cDNAs encoding Type I, II and III LHC I polypeptides from the gymnosperm Scots pine (1991)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 229 (1991), S. 67-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: LHC I polypeptides ; Gymnosperm ; chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins ; Evolutionary conservation ; cab genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary cDNAs encoding three different LHC I polypeptides (Type I, Type II and Type III) from the gymnosperm Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were isolated and sequenced. Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequences with the corresponding tomato sequences showed that all three proteins were highly conserved although less so than the LHC II proteins. The similarities between mature Scots pine and tomato Types I, II and III LHC I proteins were 80%, 87% and 85%, respectively. Two of the five His residues that are found in AXXXH sequences, which have been identified as putative chlorophyll ligands in the Type I and Type II proteins, were not conserved. The same two regions of high homology between the different LHC proteins, which have been identified in tomato, were also found in the Scots pine proteins. Within the conserved regions, the Type I and Type II proteins had the highest similarity; however, the Type II and Type III proteins also showed a similarity in the central region. The results suggest that all flowering plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms) probably have the same set of LHC polypeptides. A new nomenclature for the genes encoding LHC polypeptides (formerly cab genes) is proposed. The names lha and lhb are suggested for genes encoding LHC I and LHC II proteins, respectively, analogous to the nomenclature for the genes encoding other photosynthetic proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264214
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Arabidopsis thaliana protein homologous to cyanobacterial high-light-inducible proteins (2000)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 42 (2000), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; ELIP ; EST ; high light ; HLIP ; LHC protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA clone encoding a novel 110 amino acid thylakoid protein has been sequenced. The in vitro synthesized protein is taken up by intact chloroplasts, inserted into the thylakoid membrane and the transit peptide is cleaved off during this process. The mature protein is predicted to contain 69 amino acids, to form one membrane-spanning α-helix and to have its N-terminus at the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane. The protein showed similarity to the LHC, ELIP and PsbS proteins of higher plants, but more pronounced to the high-light-inducible proteins (HLIPs) of cyanobacteria and red algae, to which no homologue previously has been detected in higher plants. As for HLIP and ELIP, high light increases the mRNA levels of the corresponding gene. Sequence comparisons indicate that the protein may bind chlorophyll and form dimers in the thylakoid membrane. The level of expression of the protein seems to be far lower than that of normal PSI and PSII subunits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006365213954
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening of chlorina mutants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with antibodies against light-harvesting proteins of PS I and PS II: Absence of specific antenna proteins (1997)
    Springer
    Photosynthesis research 52 (1997), S. 127-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: chlorina-a ; chlorina-b ; chlorina-f2 ; Lhca ; Lhcb ; 77 K long-wavelength fluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-three chlorina (clo) mutants from the barley mutant collection of the Carlsberg Laboratory, Copenhagen, were tested for the presence of the four light-harvesting chlorophyll (Chl) a/b-binding proteins (LHC) of Photosystem I (Lhca1-4) and the PS II antenna proteins Lhcb1-3 (LHC II), Lhcb4-6 (CP29, CP26, CP24) and PsbS (CP22) using monospecific and monoclonal antibodies. Mutants allelic to barley mutant clo-f2, impaired in Chl b synthesis, provided evidence that Lhca4, Lhcb1 and Lhcb6 are unstable in the absence of Chl b, and the accumulation of Lhcb2, Lhcb3 and Lhcb4 is also impaired. Mutants at the locus chlorina-a (clo-a117, clo-a126 and clo-a134) lack or have only trace amounts of Lhca1, Lhca4, Lhcb1 and Lhcb3, whereas a mutant at the locus chlorina-b (clo-b125) had reduced amounts of all Lhca proteins. These two mutations could have an effect in protein import or assembly. Evidence is presented that Lhcb5 is the innermost LHC protein of PS II, and that Lhca1 and Lhca4, which have been supposed to be intimately associated in the LHCI-730 complex, can accumulate independently of each other. 77 K fluorescence emission spectra taken from leaves of clo-f2 101, clo-a126 and clo-b125 indicate that chlorophyll(s) emitting at 742 nm are coupled to the presence of Lhca4 that is bound to the reaction centre, and those emitting around 730 nm are located on Lhca1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005823711838
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  • 10
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    Specific thylakoid protein phosphorylations are prerequisites for overwintering of Norway spruce (Picea abies) photosynthesis (2020)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-20
    Description: Coping of evergreen conifers in boreal forests with freezing temperatures on bright winter days puts the photosynthetic machinery in great risk of oxidative damage. To survive harsh winter conditions, conifers have evolved a unique but poorly characterized photoprotection mechanism, a sustained form of nonphotochemical quenching (sustained NPQ). Here we focused on functional properties and underlying molecular mechanisms related to the development of sustained NPQ in Norway spruce (Picea abies). Data were collected during 4 consecutive years (2016 to 2019) from trees growing in sun and shade habitats. When day temperatures dropped below −4 °C, the specific N-terminally triply phosphorylated LHCB1 isoform (3p-LHCII) and phosphorylated PSBS (p-PSBS) could be detected in the thylakoid membrane. Development of sustained NPQ coincided with the highest level of 3p-LHCII and p-PSBS, occurring after prolonged coincidence of bright winter days and temperatures close to −10 °C. Artificial induction of both the sustained NPQ and recovery from naturally induced sustained NPQ provided information on differential dynamics and light-dependence of 3p-LHCII and p-PSBS accumulation as prerequisites for sustained NPQ. Data obtained collectively suggest three components related to sustained NPQ in spruce: 1) Freezing temperatures induce 3p-LHCII accumulation independently of light, which is suggested to initiate destacking of appressed thylakoid membranes due to increased electrostatic repulsion of adjacent membranes; 2) p-PSBS accumulation is both light- and temperature-dependent and closely linked to the initiation of sustained NPQ, which 3) in concert with PSII photoinhibition, is suggested to trigger sustained NPQ in spruce.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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