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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possibilities of avoidance and control of bacterial plant diseases when using pathogen-tested (certified) or -treated planting material (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 51 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Testing of planting material for freedom from phytopathogenic bacteria is an important, although not exclusive, method for control of bacterial diseases of plants. Ideally, pathogen-free or pathogen-/disease-resistant planting material is desirable, but this situation is not always possible on a practical basis. For most bacterial pathogens, resistance is not available in cultivated hosts, and production of pathogen-free planting material requires strict certification schemes via several routes. These include (i) indexing, with subsequent removal of infected/contaminated material from the production chain; (ii) meristem and other tissue culture production systems; (iii) thermo- or chemotherapy; (iv) plant or seed surface disinfection for epiphytic bacterial pathogens; (v) avoidance or decontamination of contaminated production factors such as substrate, soil or irrigation water. These methods cannot guarantee 100% freedom from the pathogen or disease during crop multiplication from certified planting material, because of factors such as sampling error, experimental error, test sensitivities, limitations of therapies (e.g. phytotoxicity or insufficient penetration), re-introduction of the pathogen, insufficient hygiene or decontamination during planting and multiplication of clean propagating material, and manipulations during trade and production. These factors are discussed with reference to several bacterial plant diseases, in particular control of bacterial brown rot and ring rot of potato in Europe and North America. The most efficient control of bacterial diseases can be expected through a combination of the use of healthy/tested planting material and good cultivation practice, including strict crop and storage hygiene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0032-0862.2002.00756.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial leaf blight of strawberry (Fragaria (x) ananassa) caused by a pathovar of Xanthomonas arboricola, not similar to Xanthomonas fragariae Kennedy & King. Description of the causal organism as Xanthomonas arboricola pv. fragariae (pv. nov., comb. nov.) (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 50 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A new bacterial disease of strawberry is described. This disease, called bacterial leaf blight of strawberry, is characterized by dry, brown necrotic leaf spots and large brown V-shaped lesions along the leaf margin, midrib and major veins. Symptoms are different from angular leaf spot of strawberry caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas fragariae. Strains of the bacterial leaf blight pathogen were characterized in a polyphasic approach by biochemical tests, fatty acid analysis, protein electrophoresis, serology, PCR, pigment analysis, ice-nucleation activity, AFLP analysis, DNA:DNA hybridization, pathogenicity and host range tests, and compared with a number of reference strains of X. fragariae and other Xanthomonas species. Bacterial leaf blight strains formed a homogeneous group in all tests, completely different from X. fragariae. They were the only strains causing leaf blight of strawberry upon artificial inoculation into strawberry. Fatty acid and protein electrophoretic analysis showed that the strains belong to the phenon X. campestris (sensu latu, including pathovars now classified as belonging to X. arboricola). AFLP analysis and DNA:DNA hybridization further clarified their taxonomic position as belonging to X. arboricola. The name X. arboricola pv. fragariae is proposed for the bacterium causing leaf blight of strawberry with strain PD2780 (LMG 19145) as pathovar type strain. Criteria for routine identification are given and the taxonomic status is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00644.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of transient oxic conditions on the composition of the nitrate-reducing community from the rhizosphere of Typha angustifolia (1992)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 24 (1992), S. 51-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Within a nitrate-reducing bacterial community, a niche differentiation between denitrifying and nitrate ammonifying bacteria may be determinated by a complex of environmental parameters, such as the availability of carbon, nitrate, and oxygen. Hence, oxygen- and carbon-releasing aerenchymatous plants may affect the composition of the nitrate-reducing community in waterlogged sediment. The composition of the nitrate-reducing community in the rhizosphere of the aerenchymatous plant species Typha angustifolia was compared with the community in nonrhizospheric sediment. All three functional groups (NO2 − accumulators, N2O producers, and presumed NH4 + producers) were present at both sites with an ratio of 36:45:12 and 43:22:18 for nonrhizospheric and rhizospheric sediments, respectively. Most of the isolated were gram-negative, and approximately 50% of these strains demonstrated an obligatory oxidative metabolism. In the absence of nitrate, Enterobacteriaceae (belonging to the NO2 − accumulating group) became dominant during enrichment of bacteria from the rhizosphere of T. angustifolia in a chemostat with glycerol (20 mM) as substrate, both under strictly anoxic and transient oxic conditions. Addition of nitrate to the chemostats led to the predominance of denitrifying pseudomonads, irrespective of the presence or absence of oxygen. However, in the presence of nitrate under anoxic conditions, enterobacteria persisted in the medium together with pseudomonads. It was concluded that oxidative bacteria such as pseudomonads are the better competitors for limiting amounts of glycerol, provided oxygen or nitrate is present. In the absence of these electron acceptors, fermentative bacteria become dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171970
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection ofClavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus in potato stems and tubers grown from seed pieces with various levels of inoculum (1992)
    Springer
    Potato research 35 (1992), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: ring rot ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; ELISA ; immunofluorescence ; detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to monitor potato stems of three cultivars for the presence of the ring rot pathogen,Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus, during the growing season and in progeny tubers after harvest. The highest ELISA values were obtained with the highest concentration of bacteria used to inoculate seed pieces in all cultivars tested. Low ELISA values were obtained for stems and progeny tubers selected from plants grown from seed inoculated at lower bacterial concentrations. Estimates of bacterial densities in stems and progeny tubers by immunofluorescence indicated that low ELISA values were most probably caused by low bacterial numbers. It is suggested that the sensitivity of ELISA for detecting the ring rot pathogen in potato stems and progeny tubers is a function of the concentration of bacteria in individual seed pieces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357617
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study in five laboratories on detection ofClavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus in potato stems and tubers (1992)
    Springer
    Potato research 35 (1992), S. 217-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: ring rot ; Solanum tuberosum L. ; ELISA ; immunofluorescence ; eggplant ; detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Potato stems and tubers grown in the field from seed tubers inoculated withClavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus, which causes bacterial ring rot, were tested by indirect, sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in five laboratories. Correlation between values for each experimental treatment from the five laboratories was greater (r=0.86) than correlation between values for individual samples (r=0.71). When three or more laboratories obtained ELISA values of ≥0.200 for a sample, that sample was presumed to be positive. Conversely, when three or more laboratories obtained ELISA values 〈0.200, the consensus determination was regarded as negative. The percentage of stem and tuber samples that were in agreement with the consensus ELISA determination varied from 65.5 to 96.7%. Indirect immunofluorescence tests, conducted on the same samples in two laboratories, were consistent with 83.4–91.9% of the consensus ELISA determinations. Presence or absence ofC.m. sepedonicus was confirmed in some samples by an eggplant bioassay and direct isolatiion of the bacterium. The ELISA procedure was well suited for screening large numbers of samples and this study confirms it to be a promising procedure in routine indexing of seed potatoes forC.m. sepedonicus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357618
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent observations on leafy gall in Liliaceae and some other families (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 86 (1980), S. 55-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Corynebacterium fascians ; C. michiganense ; C. oortii ; C. sepedonicum ; Brodiaea laxa ; Chrysanthemum morifolium ; Euphorbia pulcherrima ; Gladiolus ; Hebe andersonii ; Kalanchoe blossfeldiana ; Lathyrus odoratus ; Lilium regale ; L. speciosum ; Pelargonium zonale ; Verbascum nigrum ; bacterial taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Reeds een aantal jaren was in lelies een woekering in stengelbollen bekend, die echter sporadisch voorkwam en economisch van weinig betekenis was. Tijdens de zomer van 1977 echter trad de ziekte op één enkel perceel zo ernstig op dat zeer aanzienlijke oogstderving het gevolg was. Behalve de stengelbol kan ook de hoofdbol misvormd zijn. Bovendien kunnen misvormde stengelbollen lange spruiten vormen, zgn. sabeltandvorming. Soms is het wortelstelsel gereduceerd; in de kas zijn verdikte stengels waargenomen. De ziekte staat nu bekend onder de naam woekerziekte. Door de PD te Wageningen en het LBO te Lisse werd de bacterieCorynebacterium fascians (Tilford) Dows. uit het zieke materiaal geïsoleerd. In gezamenlijk onderzoek werd nagegaan of de bacterie de veroorzaker is van bovengenoemde symptomen en of hier sprake is van een op lelie gespecialiseerde stam. Biochemische en serologische vergelijkingen tussen isolaten vanC. fascians uit lelie,Kalanchoe, Euphorbia, Brodiaeea, Hebe enVerbascum laten zien dat er zeer weinig verschillen bestaan. Alle isolaten reageren op een standaard antiserum met titers variërend tussen 1: 640–1: 5120. Een oriënterende inoculatieproef werd uitgevoerd op het LBO in 1977. Daarna werden op de PD 10 van de 25 isolaten uit lelie en 8 uit andere waardplanten getoetst op lelie, chrysant en lathyrus. Uit de inoculatieproeven blijkt, dat de bacterie de veroorzaker is van de waargenomen symptomen. Tussen de isolaten blijkt een groot verschil in pathogeniteit te bestaan (12–100% aantasting), zonder dat dit aan herkomst gebonden is. Het voorkomen van op lelie of andere waardplanten gespecialiseerde stammen is daarom niet aan te nemen. In hoeverre de hevige aantasting een gevolg is van een opbouw van de bacterie-populatie door een te nauwe vruchtwisseling en mechanische rooimethoden moet worden nagegaan.
    Notes: Abstract Corynebacterium fascians, which causes leafy gall, has been shown to be responsible for the unusual symptoms recently found in lilies. The symptoms are described and the different bacterial isolates compared by biochemical, serological and pathogenicity experiments. No evidence could be found for the existence of specialized strains even though considerable variation in virulence could be demonstrated. Although the role of variation in susceptibility of the different lily cultivars should not be underestimated, it would appear that high inoculum levels ofC. fascians in the soil may be largely responsible for these outbreaks. Also included in this study are the results of biochemical, serological and pathogenicity experiments ofC. fascians which has been isolated fromKalanchoe, Euphorbia, Brodiaea, Hebe andVerbascum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974335
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Streptomyces species identified as the cause of carrot scab (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 94 (1988), S. 303-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Samenvatting In 1986 werd een ernstige schurft-aantasting bij peen (Daucus carota) gevonden met name in NO-Nederland. Vanuit schurftlesies werd steeds weer eenzelfde type streptomyceet geïsoleerd. In proeven met zeven isolaten van peen en één van aardappel bleek dat deze morfologisch en biochemisch sterk overeen kwamen, terwijl alle isolaten, ook dat van aardappel, pathogeen waren voor peen ‘Amsterdamse bak’. De hier onderzochte isolaten komen sterk overeen met een soort die in de literatuur bekend is alsStreptomyces scabies, de veroorzaker van aardappelschurft.S. scabies is echter een ongeldige naam door het ontbreken van een typestam. Zolang er niet een geldig neotype is gepubliceerd kan geen speciesnaam aan deze isolaten worden gegeven. Taxonomisch en nomenclatorisch onderzoek is dus gewenst, evenals onderzoek naar schade, invloed van vruchtwisseling met aardappel en/of andere gewassen en effectieve bestrijding (wellicht door beregening?) van schurft bij peen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01998056
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial leaf rot ofAloe vera L., caused byErwinia chrysanthemi biovar 3 (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 100 (1994), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: fatty acid analysis ; pathogenicity ; Aruba
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A severe attack of the bacteriumErwinia chrysantemi biovar 3 on the succulentAloe vera on the Carribean island of Aruba is described. Biochemical and pathological characteristics of strains are presented, including results of successful inoculation experiments onAloe vera. This is the first report of the occurrence ofErwinia chrysanthemi biovar 3 onAloe vera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01871968
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yellow disease in Scilla tubergeniana and related bulbs caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. hyacinthi (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 89 (1983), S. 203-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Galtonia candicans ; Muscari armeniacum ; Scilla bifolia ; S. hispanica ; S. siberica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Samenvatting Uit bollen vanScilla tubergeniana met geelzieksymptomen werd de bacterieXanthomonas campestris pv.hyacinthi verschillende malen geïsoleerd. Met isolaten uitS. tubergeniana enHyacinthus orientalis werd een kruisinfectie uitgevoerd. Beide gewassen bleken waardplanten te zijn voor isolaten uit beide plantesoorten. In infectieproeven op het blad metGaltonia candicans, Muscari armeniacum, Scilla bifolia, S. hispanica enS. siberica bleken, alleenS. hispanica enM. armeniacum vatbaar te zijn voor pv.hyacinthi na kunstmatige inoculatie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01976786
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The bacterial disease of ash (Fraxinus excelsior), caused by Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi pv. Fraxini II. Etiology and taxonomic considerations (1981)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0300-1237
    Electronic ISSN: 1439-0329
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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