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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pigment Formation by Acetobacter acetigenum in a Lactate-buffered Glycerol Medium (1964)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 204 (1964), S. 402-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The medium (referred to as Medium C) was made up as follows: to 1 1. distilled water was added 2-0 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1"0 g crystalline magnesium sulphate, O01 g crystalline ferrous sulphate, 2-5 g ammonium hydrogen phosphate, 0-002 g calcium D-panto-thenate, 0-002 g riboflavin, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/204402a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Syntheses of Glucose, Cellobiose and Other Saccharides by Acetobacter acetigenum in a Lactate-buffered Glycerol Medium (1960)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 187 (1960), S. 942-943 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The procedures by which glucose had been isolated were now applied to fraction A4, yielding 52 mgm. of a substance which showed the mobility of cellobiose when run on paper chromatograms in different solvent systems. The substance was acetylated with pyridine and acetic anhydride and the purified ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/187942a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The finite element method for laminar flow with chemical reaction (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 239-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element formulation of laminar flow with finite rate chemical reaction and heat release is made. Results are presented for steady flow in a channel, a special case of which is solved analytically, and for transverse flow around a cylinder. These illustrate the power of the finite element method for the calculation of reacting flows in complex geometries.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A numerical study of various algorithms related to the preconditioned conjugate gradient method (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 1315-1338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We present the results of a numerical study of the preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm, the minimal residual algorithm, the biconjugate gradient algorithm and the bi-minimal residual algorithm using both simple test matrices and more realistic test matrices derived from physical problems. The application of the methods to unsymmetric matrices is considered. We emphasize the importance of a good preconditioning, look at various methods including ICGG(n) and incomplete block factorization, and make some practical recommendations. Some of the folk-lore surrounding the semi-iterative methods is dispelled.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620210711
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Singular capacity matrices produced by low-order Gaussian integration in the finite element method (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 871-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper considers some consequences of the common implementation of the finite element method in which element integrals are evaluated numerically by Gaussian quadrature. It shows that if the order of the Gauss scheme is less than the number of basis functions on an element, then the numerically evaluated capacity matrix for that element is singular. The capacity matrix of an assembly of such elements is also considered and is shown to be singular under certain conditions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170605
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixed interpolation in primitive variable finite element formulations for incompressible flow (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 1659-1688 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper shows that mixed interpolation is required because of the nature of the pressure terms in the equations. These lead to finite element equations which in many circumstances do not uniquely determine the pressure, if the same interpolations are used for pressure and velocities.Several new combinations of pressure and velocity interpolation are analysed with the aid of a novel diagrammatic technique. In particular we consider some very interesting combinations in which, over nearly all the flow, the pressure and velocity are approximated on elements by biquadratic polynomials which are continuous across element boundaries.The theory of this paper is shown to be in complete agreement with numerical experiment.
    Additional Material: 26 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620171107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A finite-element study of the bénard problem using parameter-stepping and bifurcation search (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 127-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element ; Bénard Connection ; Bifurcation ; Continuation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The problem of fluid motion in a cavity with rigid sidewalls that is heated uniformly from below is studied by the finite-element method. The techniques of parameter-stepping and monitoring the determinant of the Jacobian matrix to find bifurcations are used. Results are presented for width-to-height ratios in the range 1 to 4, and for three different boundary conditions on the horizontal surfaces, namely both rigid, both free, and rigid bottom with free top. The non-linear branches above the critical Rayleigh number are examined. Extensions to non-Boussinesq flow are trivial.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the choice of the reference pressure location in numerical modelling of incompressible flow (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 147-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element ; Incompressible Flow ; Pressure-specification-point ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The discontinuity of a finite-element pressure field that is sometimes present in the neighbourhood of the pressure-specification-point is shown to arise either from round-off, or from mistakes in modelling. The implications of this are considered. In particular it restricts grid refinement near the pressure-specification-point. The analysis can be extended to finite-difference calculations, and to other fields governed by equations similar to Poisson's equation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040204
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  • 9
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    Fracture-dominated flow in the Borrowdale Volcanic Group at Sellafield, NW England: the identification of potential flowing features, development of conceptual models and derivation of effective parameters (2003)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 214: 197-219.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Description: Between 1989 and 1997 United Kingdom Nirex Limited (Nirex) studied in detail the geology and hydrogeology of a rock volume near Sellafield in Cumbria, NW England. The aim of the study was to determine the suitability, or otherwise, of the site as the location for a deep repository for intermediate-level and certain low-level radioactive wastes. An important factor in determining site suitability was the nature of groundwater flow in the potential repository host rock, the Borrowdale Volcanic Group. In the host rock, interpretation of borehole core, wireline logs and hydrogeological pumping test data indicated that groundwater flow was predominantly through a limited subset of discontinuities, mainly fractures, parts of which form networks of connected channels. Within this overall understanding of the nature of groundwater flow, there is a wide range of possible geometrical descriptions for the flow channels. Determination of one or more appropriate conceptualizations of the flow system must be soundly based on site characterization data as a prerequisite for any numerical modelling study. In the first part of this paper, details of the site characterization studies that were used to identify the location, orientation and mineralogical characteristics of discontinuities, and in particular the set of discontinuities referred to as Potential Flowing Features (PFFs), are provided. These features have either demonstrable present-day open porosity, or display evidence of geologically recent groundwater flow as part of the evolution of the current groundwater system. It is inferred that the PFFs observed in boreholes correspond to flowing features and that the borehole data can be used to infer the distribution and characteristics of flowing features that are present in the unobserved rock mass. On this basis, knowledge of the distribution, orientation and permeability associated with the PFFs provided the framework for developing conceptual models for groundwater flow. Numerical models were constructed to represent the flow. It is not computationally practicable to undertake regional scale groundwater flow and transport calculations in which small-scale variability is explicitly represented. Therefore upscaled effective parameters need to be derived as a precursor to running large-scale numerical model simulations. A summary of the Nirex upscaling procedure applied to the flowing feature network in the Borrowdale Volcanic Group is provided.
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  • 10
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    The consequences of hypothetical post-closure criticality (2013)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-30
    Description: The Environment Agency Guidance on Requirements for Authorisation (GRA) of a geological disposal facility (GDF) requires a demonstration that "the possibility of a local accumulation of fissile material such as to produce a neutron chain reaction is not a significant concern." A neutron chain reaction that is just self-sustaining is also known as critical. Waste packages can be designed to ensure that criticality is impossible during the transport and operational phases of a GDF, and for a significant period post-closure. Over longer times, however, packages may degrade, and groundwater flows could lead to a localized accumulation of fissile material. Hence, even though the initial distribution of materials would need to change substantially, criticality cannot be ruled out completely. This paper describes how an accumulation of fissile material could, hypothetically, lead to a critical configuration; how such a system could evolve; what the local consequences could be; and how the engineered and geological barriers could be affected. The conclusion from studies to date is that, even for large (and very unlikely) fissile accumulations, the consequences of a post-closure criticality event are not a significant concern.
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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