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  • 1
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    Ultrasonic frogs show hyperacute phonotaxis to female courtship calls (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-13
    Description: Sound communication plays a vital role in frog reproduction, in which vocal advertisement is generally the domain of males. Females are typically silent, but in a few anuran species they can produce a feeble reciprocal call or rapping sounds during courtship. Males of concave-eared torrent frogs (Odorrana tormota) have demonstrated ultrasonic communication capacity. Although females of O. tormota have an unusually well-developed vocal production system, it is unclear whether or not they produce calls or are only passive partners in a communication system dominated by males. Here we show that before ovulation, gravid females of O. tormota emit calls that are distinct from males' advertisement calls, having higher fundamental frequencies and harmonics and shorter call duration. In the field and in a quiet, darkened indoor arena, these female calls evoke vocalizations and extraordinarily precise positive phonotaxis (a localization error of 〈1 degrees ), rivalling that of vertebrates with the highest localization acuity (barn owls, dolphins, elephants and humans). The localization accuracy of O. tormota is remarkable in light of their small head size (interaural distance of 〈1 cm), and suggests an additional selective advantage of high-frequency hearing beyond the ability to avoid masking by low-frequency background noise.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, Jun-Xian -- Feng, Albert S -- Xu, Zhi-Min -- Yu, Zu-Lin -- Arch, Victoria S -- Yu, Xin-Jian -- Narins, Peter M -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):914-6. doi: 10.1038/nature06719. Epub 2008 May 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. shenjx@sun5.ibp.ac.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18469804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Courtship ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/*physiology ; Ranidae/*physiology ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sound ; *Ultrasonics ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Lrp4 regulation of bone formation and resorption [Medical Sciences] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-18
    Description: Bone mass is maintained by balanced activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Lrp4 (low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 4) is a member of the LDL receptor family, whose mutations have been identified in patients with high–bone-mass disorders, such as sclerosteosis and van Buchem diseases. However, it remains unknown whether and how...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magneto-optic properties of uranium-based compounds : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 4574-4576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Uranium-based compounds often show interesting magnetic properties and large polar Kerr rotations. Because of this, the wavelength and temperature dependencies of the polar Kerr rotation in several uranium-based compounds, including UMn2Ge2, UFe2, and UGa2, have been investigated. The Mn moments order ferromagnetically in UMn2Ge2 below 380 K, and while the U moments do not order ferromagnetically until the temperature is below 150 K. The measurements presented here show that the size of the Kerr rotation increases from 0.05° at room temperature to 0.15° when the U moments are ordered. The wavelength dependence of the Kerr rotation between 500 and 1000 nm is rather weak. UGa2 orders ferromagnetically at 130 K, and a Kerr rotation of 0.2° at 85 K and 632.8 nm can be measured, with the rotation increasing to 0.4° at 1000 nm. UFe2 orders ferromagnetically at 180 K, and the Kerr rotation (85 K, 632.8 nm) is 0.17°. These magnetic and optical properties are discussed in terms of the electronic states of uranium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348314
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magneto-optical properties of MnBiAl thin films : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5984-5986 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mn-Bi-Al thin films were produced by sequential evaporation of the constituents, followed by an anneal at 300 °C. The temperature and composition dependencies of the Kerr rotation angle, absolute reflectivity, and magnetic anisotropy were measured. The results show that, up to 30 at. % Al concentration, the thin films retain the pure MnBi hexagonal structure. Further, for suitable Al content, the films have the same large Kerr rotation as MnBi. Pure MnBi films exhibit perpendicular anisotropy at room temperature and in-plane anisotropy for temperatures below 142 K. In contrast, the Al-doped films prepared here have perpendicular anisotropy down to at least 85 K. The increased coercivities of the Al-doped films are attributed to the occupation of grain-boundary and interstitial sites of the NiAs-type hexagonal structure by the Al atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347812
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure and magneto-optic properties of MnAl-based thin films (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4929-4931 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured the magnetization and magneto-optic Kerr rotation of sputtered thin films of Mn-Al-Cu ternary alloys over a wide composition range and for substrate temperatures between 25 and 450 °C. Magnetization and x-ray diffraction measurements suggest that our films are a mixture of the ferromagnetic kappa (κ) phase of MnAl and a highly paramagnetic amorphous phase. Room-temperature magneto-optic measurements on these films show a saturation polar Kerr rotation of up to 0.12° with little wavelength dependence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344735
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization reversal and defects in Co/Pt multilayers : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6418-6420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: (Co 3 A(ring)/Pt 10 A(ring))×N (N=8, 16, and 30 bilayers) multilayer thin films were prepared by sputtering onto an 850-A(ring)-thick SiN layer that had been deposited on a silicon (111) substrate. We used the polar Kerr effect to measure the time dependence of magnetization reversal over the temperature range 90–300 K. Direct domain observations were also carried out. The results show that the domain expansion process depends strongly on the number of bilayers. Uniform domain expansion was found only in the thinner samples. From the time dependence of the magnetization reversal measurements over the temperature range 90–300 K, the activation energy and volume associated with domain wall motion were found to be 1.2 eV and 2.3×10−18 cm3 for N=8 sample. The N=16 and N=30 samples seem to have a broad distribution of activation energies. Our observations suggest that both the coercivity and magnetization reversal are controlled by the defects that come from the interface between the Co and Pt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352618
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature and layer-thickness dependencies of Kerr rotation in Dy/Co multilayers : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6203-6205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous Dy/Co multilayers with the individual layer thickness between 4 and 10 A(ring) in steps of 0.5 to 1 A(ring) were studied systematically over the temperature range 100–300 K. The Kerr rotation increases as temperature decreases, or as Co content increases and the coercivity increases both in the low temperature region and in the vicinity of the compensation point. These characteristics were analyzed in terms of simple models of the magnetic structure and magnetization reversal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349995
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of epitaxial single crystal ultrathin Fe3Si films on GaAs (001) : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6766-6768 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic properties of Fe3Si films with thickness from 2 to 210 monolayers (ML) epitaxially grown on GaAs (001) were studied using a superconducting quantum interference device and alternating gradient force magnetometers. Growth of these single-crystal intermetallic compound films were carried out in a multichamber molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system. The samples were covered in situ with Au 50 A(ring) thick to prevent oxidation when the samples were removed from the MBE chamber. All the films are ferromagnetic even for samples as thin as 2 ML. The easy magnetization direction of the films is parallel to the film surface. The magnetic coercivity forces (Hc) of the samples increase as the film thickness decreases to 10 ML, and then decrease when the film thickness decreases further to 2 ML.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352479
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of domain dynamics in amorphous Dy/Fe multilayers : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6200-6202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Compositionally-modulated Dy/Fe films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering onto glass substrates. For this series of samples, the Dy thickness was fixed at 5 A(ring), while the Fe thickness was varied from 4 to 6 A(ring). To study the magnetization reversal, the samples were first saturated. The magnetic field was then reversed to a value near the coercive field, and the Kerr rotation was measured as a function of time after reversal. We interpret our results in terms of the model of domain reversal first described by Fatuzzo for ferroelectrics. For some Fe thicknesses, we found that the reversal process was dominated by domain nucleation, while for other thicknesses it was dominated by domain wall motion. The observed behavior is discussed in terms of the magnetic and structural properties of the films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349994
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin-flip rate of excitonic magnetic polarons in Cd1−xMnxTe/Cd1−yMgyTe quantum wells (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6457-6459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The lifetime of excitons in Cd1−xMnxTe/Cd1−yMgyTe single quantum wells was investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Spin-flips between dark and bright excitons remarkably change the excitonic lifetime yielding a two-exponential decay in the photoluminescence intensity. The temperature dependence of the two decay times shows that the spin-flip rate depends strongly on the formation of excitonic magnetic polarons. By forming polarons, the spin-flip rate from dark excitons to bright excitons is reduced effectively by the spin- barriers of the polarized Mn ions, which extends significantly the luminescence decay time. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372737
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