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  • 1
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    Sidewinding snakes and robots turn with template [Engineering] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: Many organisms move using traveling waves of body undulation, and most work has focused on single-plane undulations in fluids. Less attention has been paid to multiplane undulations, which are particularly important in terrestrial environments where vertical undulations can regulate substrate contact. A seemingly complex mode of snake locomotion, sidewinding, can...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    The diagnostic application of RNA sequencing in patients with thyroid cancer: an analysis of 851 variants and 133 fusions in 524 genes (2016)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-12
    Description: Thyroid carcinomas are known to harbor oncogenic driver mutations and advances in sequencing technology now allow the detection of these in fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNA). Recent work by The Cancer Geno...
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2105
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 3
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    IJERPH, Vol. 9, Pages 1954-1970: Smokefree Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean: Making Progress (2012)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: We reviewed the adoption and implementation of smokefree policies in all Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries. Significant progress has been achieved among LAC countries since the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) was adopted in 2005. Both national and sub-national legislation have provided effective mechanisms to increase the fraction of the population protected from secondhand tobacco smoke. Civil society has actively promoted these policies and played a main role in enacting them and monitoring their enforcement. The tobacco industry, while continuing to oppose the approval and regulation of the laws at legislative and executive levels, has gone a step further by litigating against them in the Courts. As in the US and elsewhere, this litigation has failed to stop the legislation.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 4
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    IJERPH, Vol. 8, Pages 1520-1533: Restaurant and Bar Owners’ Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Attitudes Regarding Smoking Bans in Five Chinese Cities (2011)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-21
    Description: Despite the great progress made towards smoke-free environments, only 9% of countries worldwide mandate smoke-free restaurants and bars. Smoking was generally not regulated in restaurants and bars in China before 2008. This study was designed to examine the public attitudes towards banning smoking in these places in China. A convenience sample of 814 restaurants and bars was selected in five Chinese cities and all owners of these venues were interviewed in person by questionnaire in 2007. Eighty six percent of current nonsmoking subjects had at least one-day exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) at work in the past week. Only 51% of subjects knew SHS could cause heart disease. Only 17% and 11% of subjects supported prohibiting smoking completely in restaurants and in bars, respectively, while their support for restricting smoking to designated areas was much higher. Fifty three percent of subjects were willing to prohibit or restrict smoking in their own venues. Of those unwilling to do so, 82% thought smoking bans would reduce revenue, and 63% thought indoor air quality depended on ventilation rather than smoking bans. These results showed that there was support for smoking bans among restaurant or bar owners in China despite some knowledge gaps. To facilitate smoking bans in restaurants and bars, it is important to promote health education on specific hazards of SHS, provide country-specific evidence on smoking bans and hospitality revenues, and disseminate information that restricting smoking and ventilation alone cannot eliminate SHS hazards.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 5
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    Biochemical basis of oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-25
    Description: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) supports disulfide bond formation by a poorly understood mechanism requiring protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and ERO1. In yeast, Ero1p-mediated oxidative folding was shown to depend on cellular flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) levels but not on ubiquinone or heme, and Ero1p was shown to be a FAD-binding protein. We reconstituted efficient oxidative folding in vitro using FAD, PDI, and Ero1p. Disulfide formation proceeded by direct delivery of oxidizing equivalents from Ero1p to folding substrates via PDI. This kinetic shuttling of oxidizing equivalents could allow the ER to support rapid disulfide formation while maintaining the ability to reduce and rearrange incorrect disulfide bonds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tu, B P -- Ho-Schleyer, S C -- Travers, K J -- Weissman, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 24;290(5496):1571-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11090354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Carboxypeptidases/chemistry/metabolism ; Cathepsin A ; Chemistry, Physical ; Disulfides/chemistry ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/*metabolism ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Microsomes/metabolism ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases/genetics/*metabolism ; *Protein Folding ; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Detection and Characterization of the Cumulene Carbenes H2C5 and H2C6 (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-24
    Description: Two cumulene carbenes, H2C5 and H2C6, were detected in a supersonic molecular beam by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Their rotational and leading centrifugal distortion constants were determined with high accuracy, such that the entire radio spectrum can now be calculated. Like the known carbenes H2C3 and H2C4, both molecules have singlet electronic ground states and linear carbon-chain backbones. They can be produced in sufficiently high concentrations in the laboratory that their electronic spectra, expected to lie in the visible, should be readily detectable by laser spectroscopy. The microwave spectra of other, more exotic isomers may be detectable as well.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCarthy -- Travers -- Kovacs -- Chen -- Novick -- Gottlieb -- Thaddeus -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 24;275(5299):518-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉M. C. McCarthy, M. J. Travers, P. Thaddeus, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, and Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. A. Kovacs and C. A. Gottlieb, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. W. Chen and S. E. Novick, Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8999793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Cancer: drug-tolerant insurgents (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Workman, Paul -- Travers, Jon -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 8;464(7290):844-5. doi: 10.1038/464844a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20376142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Clone Cells/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics/*physiology ; Drug Tolerance/genetics/physiology ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; Models, Biological ; Quinazolines/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2/genetics/metabolism ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Validation of ITD mutations in FLT3 as a therapeutic target in human acute myeloid leukaemia (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-17
    Description: Effective targeted cancer therapeutic development depends upon distinguishing disease-associated 'driver' mutations, which have causative roles in malignancy pathogenesis, from 'passenger' mutations, which are dispensable for cancer initiation and maintenance. Translational studies of clinically active targeted therapeutics can definitively discriminate driver from passenger lesions and provide valuable insights into human cancer biology. Activating internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) are detected in approximately 20% of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients and are associated with a poor prognosis. Abundant scientific and clinical evidence, including the lack of convincing clinical activity of early FLT3 inhibitors, suggests that FLT3-ITD probably represents a passenger lesion. Here we report point mutations at three residues within the kinase domain of FLT3-ITD that confer substantial in vitro resistance to AC220 (quizartinib), an active investigational inhibitor of FLT3, KIT, PDGFRA, PDGFRB and RET; evolution of AC220-resistant substitutions at two of these amino acid positions was observed in eight of eight FLT3-ITD-positive AML patients with acquired resistance to AC220. Our findings demonstrate that FLT3-ITD can represent a driver lesion and valid therapeutic target in human AML. AC220-resistant FLT3 kinase domain mutants represent high-value targets for future FLT3 inhibitor development efforts.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3390926/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3390926/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Catherine C -- Wang, Qi -- Chin, Chen-Shan -- Salerno, Sara -- Damon, Lauren E -- Levis, Mark J -- Perl, Alexander E -- Travers, Kevin J -- Wang, Susana -- Hunt, Jeremy P -- Zarrinkar, Patrick P -- Schadt, Eric E -- Kasarskis, Andrew -- Kuriyan, John -- Shah, Neil P -- P50 CA100632/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA100632-06/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA12886/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA128864/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA166616/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Apr 15;485(7397):260-3. doi: 10.1038/nature11016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22504184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Benzothiazoles/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*drug therapy/*genetics/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Structure ; *Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Mutation/*genetics ; Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics ; Recurrence ; Reproducibility of Results ; fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/*antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    DNA repair. PAXX, a paralog of XRCC4 and XLF, interacts with Ku to promote DNA double-strand break repair (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-13
    Description: XRCC4 and XLF are two structurally related proteins that function in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Here, we identify human PAXX (PAralog of XRCC4 and XLF, also called C9orf142) as a new XRCC4 superfamily member and show that its crystal structure resembles that of XRCC4. PAXX interacts directly with the DSB-repair protein Ku and is recruited to DNA-damage sites in cells. Using RNA interference and CRISPR-Cas9 to generate PAXX(-/-) cells, we demonstrate that PAXX functions with XRCC4 and XLF to mediate DSB repair and cell survival in response to DSB-inducing agents. Finally, we reveal that PAXX promotes Ku-dependent DNA ligation in vitro and assembly of core nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) factors on damaged chromatin in cells. These findings identify PAXX as a new component of the NHEJ machinery.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338599/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338599/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ochi, Takashi -- Blackford, Andrew N -- Coates, Julia -- Jhujh, Satpal -- Mehmood, Shahid -- Tamura, Naoka -- Travers, Jon -- Wu, Qian -- Draviam, Viji M -- Robinson, Carol V -- Blundell, Tom L -- Jackson, Stephen P -- 11224/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- 268536/European Research Council/International -- A11224/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- C28598/A9787/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- C6/A11224/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- C6946/A14492/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- WT092096/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT093167/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 9;347(6218):185-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1261971.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK. ; Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK. ; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK. ; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK. s.jackson@gurdon.cam.ac.uk tlb20@cam.ac.uk. ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK. Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. s.jackson@gurdon.cam.ac.uk tlb20@cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25574025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Nuclear/*metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; *DNA End-Joining Repair ; DNA Repair Enzymes/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA Interference
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Dynamic regulation of HIV-1 mRNA populations analyzed by single-molecule enrichment and long-read sequencing (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-04
    Description: Alternative RNA splicing greatly expands the repertoire of proteins encoded by genomes. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is attractive for studying alternative splicing because of the efficiency and low cost per base, but short reads typical of NGS only report mRNA fragments containing one or few splice junctions. Here, we used single-molecule amplification and long-read sequencing to study the HIV-1 provirus, which is only 9700 bp in length, but encodes nine major proteins via alternative splicing. Our data showed that the clinical isolate HIV-1 89.6 produces at least 109 different spliced RNAs, including a previously unappreciated ~1 kb class of messages, two of which encode new proteins. HIV-1 message populations differed between cell types, longitudinally during infection, and among T cells from different human donors. These findings open a new window on a little studied aspect of HIV-1 replication, suggest therapeutic opportunities and provide advanced tools for the study of alternative splicing.
    Keywords: Nucleic acid amplification, RNA characterisation and manipulation, Genomics
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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