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  • 1
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    Non-parametric analysis of the rest-frame UV sizes and morphological disturbance amongst L* galaxies at 4 〈 z 〈 8 (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-22
    Description: We present the results of a study investigating the sizes and morphologies of redshift 4 〈 z 〈 8 galaxies in the CANDELS (Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey) GOODS-S (Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey southern field), HUDF ( Hubble Ultra-Deep Field) and HUDF parallel fields. Based on non-parametric measurements and incorporating a careful treatment of measurement biases, we quantify the typical size of galaxies at each redshift as the peak of the lognormal size distribution, rather than the arithmetic mean size. Parametrizing the evolution of galaxy half-light radius as r 50 (1 + z ) n , we find n = –0.20 ± 0.26 at bright UV-luminosities (0.3 L *( z = 3) 〈 L 〈 L * ) and n = –0.47 ± 0.62 at faint luminosities (0.12 L * 〈 L 〈 0.3 L * ). Furthermore, simulations based on artificially redshifting our z ~ 4 galaxy sample show that we cannot reject the null hypothesis of no size evolution. We show that this result is caused by a combination of the size-dependent completeness of high-redshift galaxy samples and the underestimation of the sizes of the largest galaxies at a given epoch. To explore the evolution of galaxy morphology we first compare asymmetry measurements to those from a large sample of simulated single Sérsic profiles, in order to robustly categorize galaxies as either ‘smooth’ or ‘disturbed’. Comparing the disturbed fraction amongst bright ( M 1500 ≤ –20) galaxies at each redshift to that obtained by artificially redshifting our z ~ 4 galaxy sample, while carefully matching the size and UV-luminosity distributions, we find no clear evidence for evolution in galaxy morphology over the redshift interval 4 〈 z 〈 8. Therefore, based on our results, a bright ( M 1500 ≤ –20) galaxy at z ~ 6 is no more likely to be measured as ‘disturbed’ than a comparable galaxy at z ~ 4, given the current observational constraints.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    A robotic platform for flow synthesis of organic compounds informed by AI planning (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉The synthesis of complex organic molecules requires several stages, from ideation to execution, that require time and effort investment from expert chemists. Here, we report a step toward a paradigm of chemical synthesis that relieves chemists from routine tasks, combining artificial intelligence–driven synthesis planning and a robotically controlled experimental platform. Synthetic routes are proposed through generalization of millions of published chemical reactions and validated in silico to maximize their likelihood of success. Additional implementation details are determined by expert chemists and recorded in reusable recipe files, which are executed by a modular continuous-flow platform that is automatically reconfigured by a robotic arm to set up the required unit operations and carry out the reaction. This strategy for computer-augmented chemical synthesis is demonstrated for 15 drug or drug-like substances.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A cytoplasmic inhibitor of the JNK signal transduction pathway (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-01
    Description: The c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) is a member of the stress-activated group of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases that are implicated in the control of cell growth. A murine cytoplasmic protein that binds specifically to JNK [the JNK interacting protein-1 (JIP-1)] was characterized and cloned. JIP-1 caused cytoplasmic retention of JNK and inhibition of JNK-regulated gene expression. In addition, JIP-1 suppressed the effects of the JNK signaling pathway on cellular proliferation, including transformation by the Bcr-Abl oncogene. This analysis identifies JIP-1 as a specific inhibitor of the JNK signal transduction pathway and establishes protein targeting as a mechanism that regulates signaling by stress-activated MAP kinases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickens, M -- Rogers, J S -- Cavanagh, J -- Raitano, A -- Xia, Z -- Halpern, J R -- Greenberg, M E -- Sawyers, C L -- Davis, R J -- CA43855/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA65861/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 1;277(5326):693-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9235893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activating Transcription Factor 2 ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    The UV continua and inferred stellar populations of galaxies at z ~= 7-9 revealed by the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field 2012 campaign (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-18
    Description: We use the new ultra-deep, near-infrared imaging of the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF) provided by our UDF12 Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) Wide Field Camera 3/IR campaign to explore the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) properties of galaxies at redshifts z  〉 6.5. We present the first unbiased measurement of the average UV power-law index, 〈β〉, ( f   β ) for faint galaxies at z  ~= 7, the first meaningful measurements of 〈β〉 at z  ~= 8, and tentative estimates for a new sample of galaxies at z  ~= 9. Utilizing galaxy selection in the new F140W ( J 140 ) imaging to minimize colour bias, and applying both colour and power-law estimators of β, we find 〈β〉 = –2.1 ± 0.2 at z  ~= 7 for galaxies with M UV  ~= –18. This means that the faintest galaxies uncovered at this epoch have, on average , UV colours no more extreme than those displayed by the bluest star-forming galaxies at low redshift. At z  ~= 8 we find a similar value, 〈β〉 = –1.9 ± 0.3. At z  ~= 9, we find 〈β〉 = –1.8 ± 0.6, essentially unchanged from z  ~= 6 to 7 (albeit highly uncertain). Finally, we show that there is as yet no evidence for a significant intrinsic scatter in β within our new, robust z  ~= 7 galaxy sample. Our results are most easily explained by a population of steadily star-forming galaxies with either ~= solar metallicity and zero dust, or moderately sub-solar (~=10–20 per cent) metallicity with modest dust obscuration ( A V  ~= 0.1–0.2). This latter interpretation is consistent with the predictions of a state-of-the-art galaxy-formation simulation, which also suggests that a significant population of very-low metallicity, dust-free galaxies with β ~= –2.5 may not emerge until M UV  〉 –16, a regime likely to remain inaccessible until the James Webb Space Telescope .
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition of Commercial Chemical Limes (1927)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 19 (1927), S. 1157-1159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50214a033
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fineness and Available Lime Content of Chemical Quicklimes1 (1928)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 20 (1928), S. 1355-1361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50228a023
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Volumenometer (1918)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 10 (1918), S. 554-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50103a023
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate Losses in Runoff and Subsurface Drain Effluent from Controlled–Water-Table Plots (1997)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 58 (1997), S. 566 -573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900372
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tropic-Proofing of Optical Instruments by a Fungicide (1946)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 158 (1946), S. 469-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT is remarkable that the problem of the deterioration of optical instruments by fungi has remained so long without thorough investigation. Until 1939 very few people seem to have realized that fungi can grow actively on or over the internal optics of binoculars, cameras, etc., exposed to warm and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/158469b0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tilt measurements in western Canada (1987)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 125 (1987), S. 813-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Tilt ; Western Canada
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Pairs of short baselength mercury-level tiltmeters mounted on shallow piers coupled to sedimentary rocks have been used to monitor ground tilting at three inland locations in western Canada. Noise levels have been estimated over large Nyquist intervals to evaluate site conditions and for comparison with results observed in crystalline rocks at other locations. The results show that tilt noise patterns are similar for different locations, and that noise levels are higher for unconsolidated sediments. Tidal estimates for the principal lunar semidiurnal constituentM 2 were obtained from the least noisy sections of the tilt series. Uncertainties in the estimated amplitudes for the record lengths considered range from 4 to 20% depending on location and azimuth. Comparison of the observedM 2 tide with those predicted for an elastic Earth loaded by two different ocean configurations (Schwiderski or Parke) shows better agreement with the Schwiderski marine tidal model. Differences between observaton and theory suggest a strain-induced perturbation source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878034
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