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  • 1
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    Islet recovery and reversal of murine type 1 diabetes in the absence of any infused spleen cell contribution (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-25
    Description: A cure for type 1 diabetes will probably require the provision or elicitation of new pancreatic islet beta cells as well as the reestablishment of immunological tolerance. A 2003 study reported achievement of both advances in the NOD mouse model by coupling injection of Freund's complete adjuvant with infusion of allogeneic spleen cells. It was concluded that the adjuvant eliminated anti-islet autoimmunity and the donor splenocytes differentiated into insulin-producing (presumably beta) cells, culminating in islet regeneration. Here, we provide data indicating that the recovered islets were all of host origin, reflecting that the diabetic NOD mice actually retain substantial beta cell mass, which can be rejuvenated/regenerated to reverse disease upon adjuvant-dependent dampening of autoimmunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nishio, Junko -- Gaglia, Jason L -- Turvey, Stuart E -- Campbell, Christopher -- Benoist, Christophe -- Mathis, Diane -- T32 CA09382/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 24;311(5768):1775-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section on Immunology and Immunogenetics, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16556845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Autoimmunity ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Transplantation ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology/pathology/*therapy ; Female ; Freund's Adjuvant/*therapeutic use ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*cytology ; Islets of Langerhans/*cytology/pathology ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Regeneration ; Spleen/*cytology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    T-lymphocyte priming and protection against Friend leukemia by vaccinia-retrovirus env gene recombinant (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-07
    Description: The current prevalence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans has provoked renewed interest in methods of protective immunization against retrovirus-induced diseases. In this study, a vaccinia-retrovirus recombinant vector was constructed to study mechanisms of immune protection against Friend virus leukemia in mice. The envelope (env) gene from Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) was inserted into the genome of a vaccinia virus expression vector. Infected cells synthesized gp85, the glycosylated primary product of the env gene. Processing to gp70 and p15E, and cell surface localization, were similar to that occurring in cells infected with F-MuLV. Mice inoculated with live recombinant vaccinia virus had an envelope-specific T-cell proliferative response and, after challenge with Friend virus complex, developed neutralizing antibody and cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and were protected against leukemia. In contrast, unimmunized and control groups developed a delayed neutralizing antibody response, but no detectable CTL, and succumbed to leukemia. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex influenced protection induced by the vaccinia recombinant but not that induced by attenuated N-tropic Friend virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Earl, P L -- Moss, B -- Morrison, R P -- Wehrly, K -- Nishio, J -- Chesebro, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 7;234(4777):728-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3490689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens/*immunology ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Friend murine leukemia virus/genetics/immunology ; *Genes, Viral ; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/prevention & control ; Leukemia, Experimental/*prevention & control ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Sex Factors ; Spleen/microbiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/*immunology ; Vaccinia virus/genetics/immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; Viral Vaccines/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of thermal treatment of low-temperature GaN buffer layers on the quality of subsequent GaN layers (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 4877-4882 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The surface morphology and crystalline quality of GaN layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire (0001) substrates were investigated for various thermal treatment conditions of low-temperature (LT)-grown GaN buffer layers. The surface morphology and crystalline quality of subsequently grown high-temperature (HT) GaN layers strongly depended on thermal effects during the temperature ramping process after LT growth of the buffer layers. We have found that the defect density and structure are affected by this temperature ramping process, and that the generation of growth pits is closely related to defects in the HT-GaN layers. High-quality HT-GaN layers with specular surface morphology were obtained with optimum growth and ramping conditions for the LT-GaN buffer layers. Furthermore, the role of thermal treatment during the temperature ramping process was identified, and mechanisms of nucleus formation, HT-growth initiation on the LT-GaN buffer layers, and defect formation are proposed and discussed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366350
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Native point defects in low-temperature-grown GaAs (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 279-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present structural and electronic data which indicate that the dominant defects in GaAs grown at low temperatures (LT GaAs) by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are As antisites (AsGa) and Ga vacancies (VGa), with negligible amounts of As interstitials (Asi). We show that the change of lattice parameter correlates with the concentration of AsGa, and that AsGa alone can account for the lattice expansion. We also show that the total concentration of AsGa has a characteristic second power dependence on the concentration of AsGa in the positive charge state for the material grown at different temperatures. This can be understood provided that VGa defects are the acceptors responsible for the carrier compensation. Our results are consistent with most experimental results and the theoretical expectation from the calculation of defect formation energies. We find that the conclusion may also be true in As-rich bulk GaAs. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114782
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why are higher plants green? Evolution of the higher plant photosynthetic pigment complement (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The physiological reason that higher plants are green is unknown. Other photosynthetic organisms utilize pigments that strongly absorb green light; therefore, there must have been natural forces that ‘selected’ the photosynthetic pigments found in higher plants. Based on previously published data and our recent findings about green light and photosynthesis within leaves (Sun et al.), a specific functional role is described for the primary photosynthetic pigments of higher plants, that were derived from green algal progenitors. The particular absorptive characteristics of chlorophylls a and b appear to perform two contradictory, but necessary functions in higher plants. Firstly, chlorophylls a and b absorb light for maximum utilization under non-saturating conditions, a function that is well understood. Secondly, they can act as protective pigments under over-saturating light conditions, when absorbed light is dissipated as heat. Under such conditions, a significant portion of light can also be efficiently utilized, especially in the bottom portion of the leaf, that is mainly illuminated by green light and not down-regulated. The second function may have been the selective force that gave rise to the extremely successful terrestrial plants, that evolved from green algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00563.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-light effects on CO2 fixation gradients across leaves (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Chlorophyll fluorescence and internal patterns of 14CO2 fixation were measured in sun and shade leaves of spinach after treatment with various light intensities. When sun leaves were irradiated with 2000μmol m−2 s−1 for 2h, FV/FM decreased by about 15%, but 14CO2 fixation was unaffected, whereas shade leaves exhibited a 21% decrease in Fv/FM and a 25% decrease in 14CO2 fixation. Irradiation of sun and shade leaves with 4000μmol m−1 for 4 h decreased FV/FM by 30% in sun leaves and 40% in shade leaves, while total 14CO2 fixation decreased by 41% in sun leaves and 55% in shade leaves. After light treatment, gradients of CO2 fixation across leaves were determined by measuring 14CO2 fixed in paradermal leaf sections after a 10s pulse of 14CO2. Gradients of 14CO2 fixation in control sun and shade leaves were identified when expressed on a relative basis and normalized for leaf depth. Treatment of leaves with 2000 μmol PAR m−2 s−1 for 2h did not after patterns of carbon fixation across sun leaves, but slightly altered the pattern in shade leaves. In contrast, treatment of sun and shade leaves with 4000μmol m−2 s−1 for 4h decreased carbon fixation more in the palisade mesophyll cells than in the spongy mesophyll cells of sun and shade leaves, and fixation in medial tissue of shade leaves was dramatically decreased compared to the adaxial and abaxial tissue. The interaction between leaf anatomy and biochemical parameters involved in tolerance to photoinhibition in spinach is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00004.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DETAILED MAPPING OF THE Rfv-1 GENE THAT INFLUENCES SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY FROM FRIEND RETROVIRUS-INDUCED LEUKAEMIA (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 19 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Using H-2 recombinant and mutant mice, the Rfv-1 gene influencing spontaneous recovery from Friend retrovirus (FV)-induced leukaemia was mapped in the D locus. Two D b alleles were required for full recovery, and a single Dd transgene did not convey increased susceptibility to FV in the presence of homozygous Db/b genotype. The results suggest that an increase in the expression of Db may lead to more effective stimulation of FV-specific CTL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1992.tb00054.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterodinuclear Ni(II)M(II) (MPb, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) complexes of a phenol-based dinucleating macrocycle with dissimilar 4- and 5-coordination sites
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Inorganica Chimica Acta 218 (1994), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-1693
    Keywords: Electrochemistry ; Macrocyclic ligand complexes ; Nickel complexes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0020-1693(93)03779-A
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoichiometry of undoped LEC GaAs
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Crystal Growth 79 (1986), S. 463-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0248
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-0248(86)90478-1
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precise melt composition control for LEC GaAs
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Crystal Growth 85 (1987), S. 469-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0248
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-0248(87)90478-7
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