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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1992-08-07
    Description: In vitro, when the B7 molecule on the surface of antigen-presenting cells binds to the T cell surface molecules CD28 and CTLA-4, a costimulatory signal for T cell activation is generated. CTLA4Ig is a soluble form of the extracellular domain of CTLA-4 and binds B7 with high avidity. CTLA4Ig treatment in vivo suppressed T cell-dependent antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes or keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Large doses of CTLA4Ig suppressed responses to a second immunization. Thus, costimulation by B7 is important for humoral immune responses in vivo, and interference with costimulation may be useful for treatment of antibody-mediated autoimmune disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linsley, P S -- Wallace, P M -- Johnson, J -- Gibson, M G -- Greene, J L -- Ledbetter, J A -- Singh, C -- Tepper, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 7;257(5071):792-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Animals ; Antibody Formation/*drug effects ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, Differentiation/*immunology/metabolism ; CHO Cells ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cricetinae ; Erythrocytes/immunology ; Hemocyanin/immunology ; Humans ; Immunization ; *Immunoconjugates ; Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The macroscopic and sensory properties of breads supplemented with 50%, 55%, 60%, and 65% sweet-potato flour were evaluated. Moisture contents of the breads fluctuated during storage. Protein value was highest for the bread supplemented with 50% sweet-potato flour. Carbohydrate contents ranged from 18.2% to 24.4%. β-caro-tene contents and loaf volumes were highest in the breads supplemented with 65% and 50% sweet-potato flour, respectively. The breads were similarly firm, with comparable vitamin C contents at the end of storage. The bread with 65% sweet-potato flour had the most intense yellow-orange color. Twelve perceived sensory attributes, which could be used to differentiate the appearance, texture, and flavor of sweet-potato breads, were generated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-03-16
    Description: Black hole feedback – the strong interaction between the energy output of supermassive black holes and their surrounding environments – is routinely invoked to explain the absence of overly luminous galaxies, the black hole versus bulge correlations and the similarity of black hole accretion and star formation histories. Yet direct probes of this process in action are scarce and limited to small samples of active nuclei. In this paper, we present Gemini Integral Field Unit observations of the distribution of ionized gas around luminous, obscured, radio-quiet quasars at z  ~ 0.5. We detect extended ionized gas nebulae via [O iii ] 5007 Å emission in every case, with a mean diameter of 28 kpc. These nebulae are nearly perfectly round, with Hβ surface brightness declining R –3.5 ± 1.0 . The regular morphologies of nebulae around radio-quiet quasars are in striking contrast with lumpy or elongated [O iii ] nebulae seen around radio galaxies at low and high redshifts. We present the uniformly measured size–luminosity relationship of [O iii ] nebulae around Seyfert 2 galaxies and type 2 quasars spanning six orders of magnitude in luminosity and confirm the flat slope of the correlation ( $R_{\rm [O\,{\small III}]}\propto L_{\rm [O\,{\small III}]}^{0.25\pm 0.02}$ ). We propose a model of clumpy nebulae in which clouds that produce line emission transition from being ionization-bounded at small distances from the quasar to being matter-bounded in the outer parts of the nebula. The model – which has a declining pressure profile – qualitatively explains line ratio profiles and surface brightness profiles seen in our sample. It is striking that we see such smooth and round large-scale gas nebulosities in this sample, which are inconsistent with illuminated merger debris and which we suggest may be the signature of accretion energy from the nucleus reaching gas at large scales.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-11-17
    Description: The prevalence and energetics of quasar feedback is a major unresolved problem in galaxy formation theory. In this paper, we present Gemini Integral Field Unit observations of ionized gas around 11 luminous, obscured, radio-quiet quasars at z ~ 0.5 out to ~15 kpc from the quasar; specifically, we measure the kinematics and morphology of [O iii ] 5007 Å emission. The round morphologies of the nebulae and the large line-of-sight velocity widths (with velocities containing 80 per cent of the emission as high as 10 3 km s –1 ) combined with relatively small velocity difference across them (from 90 to 520 km s –1 ) point towards wide-angle quasi-spherical outflows. We use the observed velocity widths to estimate a median outflow velocity of 760 km s –1 , similar to or above the escape velocities from the host galaxies. The line-of-sight velocity dispersion declines slightly towards outer parts of the nebulae (by 3 per cent kpc –1 on average). The majority of nebulae show blueshifted excesses in their line profiles across most of their extents, signifying gas outflows. For the median outflow velocity, we find $\dot{E}_{\rm kin}$ between 4 10 44 and 3 10 45  erg s –1 and $\dot{M}$ between 2 10 3 and 2 10 4 M  yr –1 . These values are large enough for the observed quasar winds to have a significant impact on their host galaxies. The median rate of converting bolometric luminosity to kinetic energy of ionized gas clouds is ~2 per cent. We report four new candidates for ‘superbubbles’ – outflows that may have broken out of the denser regions of the host galaxy.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-06-13
    Description: Quasar feedback is suspected to play a key role in the evolution of massive galaxies, by removing or reheating gas in quasar host galaxies and thus limiting the amount of star formation. In this paper, we continue our investigation of quasar-driven winds on galaxy-wide scales. We conduct Gemini Integral Field Unit spectroscopy of a sample of luminous unobscured (type 1) quasars, to determine the morphology and kinematics of ionized gas around these objects, predominantly via observations of the [O  iii ] 5007 Å emission line. We find that ionized gas nebulae extend out to ~13 kpc from the quasar, that they are smooth and round, and that their kinematics are inconsistent with gas in dynamical equilibrium with the host galaxy. The observed morphological and kinematic properties are strikingly similar to those of ionized gas around obscured (type 2) quasars with matched [O  iii ] luminosity, with marginal evidence that nebulae around unobscured quasars are slightly more compact. Therefore, in samples of obscured and unobscured quasars carefully matched in [O  iii ] luminosity, we find support for the standard geometry-based unification model of active galactic nuclei, in that the intrinsic properties of the quasars, of their hosts and of their ionized gas appear to be very similar. Given the apparent ubiquity of extended ionized regions, we are forced to conclude that either the quasar is at least partially illuminating pre-existing gas or that both samples of quasars are seen during advanced stages of quasar feedback. In the latter case, we may be biased by our [O  iii ]-based selection against quasars in the early ‘blow-out’ phase, for example due to dust obscuration.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-06-10
    Description: We analyse Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectra of 568 obscured luminous quasars. The [O iii ] 5007 Å emission line shows blueshifts and blue excess, indicating that some of the narrow-line gas is undergoing an organized outflow. The velocity width containing 90 per cent of line power ranges from 370 to 4780 km s –1 , suggesting outflow velocities up to ~2000 km s –1 , and is strongly correlated with the radio luminosity among the radio-quiet quasars. We propose that radio emission in radio-quiet quasars is due to relativistic particles accelerated in the shocks within the quasar-driven outflows; star formation in quasar hosts is insufficient to explain the observed radio emission. The median radio luminosity of the sample of L [1.4 GHz] = 10 40 erg s –1 suggests a median kinetic luminosity of the quasar-driven wind of L wind  = 3 10 44 erg s –1 , or about 4 per cent of the estimated median bolometric luminosity L bol  = 8 10 45 erg s –1 . Furthermore, the velocity width of [O iii ] is positively correlated with mid-infrared luminosity, which suggests that outflows are ultimately driven by the radiative output of the quasar. Emission lines characteristic of shocks in quasi-neutral medium increase with the velocity of the outflow, which we take as evidence of quasar-driven winds propagating into the interstellar medium of the host galaxy. Quasar feedback appears to operate above the threshold luminosity of L bol  ~ 3 10 45 erg s –1 .
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2017-01-31
    Description: Author(s): B. M. S. Amro, C. J. Lister, E. A. McCutchan, W. Loveland, P. Chowdhury, S. Zhu, A. D. Ayangeakaa, J. S. Barrett, M. P. Carpenter, C. J. Chiara, J. P. Greene, J. L. Harker, R. V. F. Janssens, T. Lauritsen, A. A. Sonzogni, W. B. Walters, and R. Yanez States in Tl 209 were populated using a multinucleon transfer reaction with a Xe 136 beam impinging on a thick Pb 208 target at E = 785  MeV. The beam was pulsed at 825-ns intervals in order to perform isomer decay spectroscopy. The known J π = 17 / 2 + isomer in Tl 209 was located at 1228(4) keV and measured to… [Phys. Rev. C 95, 014330] Published Mon Jan 30, 2017
    Keywords: Nuclear Structure
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1987-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0096-3941
    Electronic ISSN: 2324-9250
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Polymers containing silicon-nitrogen bonds
    Keywords: CHEMISTRY
    Type: NASA-CR-61548 , REPT.-25
    Format: application/pdf
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