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  • 1
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    Evolution flies (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schall, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 15;286(5439):414.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10577202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Drosophila/genetics ; Periodicals as Topic ; Publishing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Evolutionary biology: sex ratios writ small (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schall, Jos J -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 29;453(7195):605-6. doi: 10.1038/453605a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18509433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Fertility/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Malaria/*parasitology ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Plasmodium chabaudi/genetics/*physiology ; *Sex Ratio
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Hidden in plain sight: Cryptic and endemic malaria parasites in North American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-14
    Description: Malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium are diverse in mammal hosts, infecting five mammalian orders in the Old World, but were long considered absent from the diverse deer family ( Cervidae ) and from New World mammals. There was a description of a Plasmodium parasite infecting a single splenectomized white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus ) in 1967 but none have been reported since, which has proven a challenge to our understanding of malaria parasite biogeography. Using both microscopy and polymerase chain reaction, we screened a large sample of native and captive ungulate species from across the United States for malaria parasites. We found a surprisingly high prevalence (up to 25%) and extremely low parasitemia of Plasmodium parasites in WTD throughout the eastern United States. We did not detect infections in the other ungulate species nor in western WTD. We also isolated the parasites from the mosquito Anopheles punctipennis . Morphologically, the parasites resemble the parasite described in 1967, Plasmodium odocoilei . Our analysis of the cytochrome b gene revealed two divergent Plasmodium clades in WTD representative of species that likely diverged 2.3 to 6 million years ago, concurrent with the arrival of the WTD ancestor into North America across Beringia. Multigene phylogenetic analysis placed these clades within the larger malaria parasite clade. We document Plasmodium parasites to be common in WTD, endemic to the New World, and as the only known malaria parasites from deer ( Cervidae ). These findings reshape our knowledge of the phylogeography of the malaria parasites and suggest that other mammal taxa may harbor infection by endemic and occult malaria parasites.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Geographical trends in numbers of species (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-08-25
    Description: Geographic variation in the number of coexisting plant and animal species (species density) often follows repeated patterns; best known is the general increase in species richness from temperate to tropical latitudes. Here we undertake a quantitative analysis of geographic trends in species density for the terrestrial vertebrate faunas of the United States and Australia. Trends in numbers of species of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are described and are correlated with geographic variation in abiotic environmental measures. Intercontinental comparisons reveal general patterns as well as intriguing and profound differences in vertebrate distributions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schall, J J -- Pianka, E R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Aug 25;201(4357):679-86.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17750221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Lizards infected with malaria: physiological and behavioral consequences (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-10
    Description: In northern California, western fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis, are frequently parasitized by Plasmodium mexicanum, which causes malaria. Animals with this naturally occurring malarial infection are anemic: immature erythrocytes in peripheral blood become abundant (1 to 30 percent), and blood hemoglobin concentration decreases 25 percent. Maximal oxygen consumption decreases 15 percent and aerobic scope drops 29 percent in infected lizards; both correlate with blood hemoglobin concentration. Running stamina, but not burst running speed, is reduced in malarious lizards. There is a hierarchical relation between infection with malaria and effects on hematology, physiological function, and behavioral capacity. The results suggest that malarial infection may have significant effects on the ecology of lizard hosts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schall, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 10;217(4564):1057-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Erythrocytes/pathology ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Lizards/*parasitology ; Malaria/blood/physiopathology/*veterinary ; Oxygen Consumption ; Physical Endurance
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Parasites and showy males: malarial infection and color variation in fence lizards (1989)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    Malarial parasitism and male competition for mates in the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis (1987)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0029-8549
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1939
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Malarial parasitism and male competition for mates in the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 73 (1987), S. 389-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Mate competition ; Parasitism ; Malaria ; Lizards ; Sceloporus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of malarial parasitism on the ability of male western fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis, to compete for access to females was assessed experimentally. Pairs of male lizards, one infected with the malarial parasite, Plasmodium mexicanum, and the other not infected, were matched by size and color and placed in large seminatural outdoor enclosures along with an adult female lizard. Infected males displayed to females and to other males less often than did noninfected male lizards. Noninfected lizards were dominant in social interactions more often than malarious animals, based on duration and intensity of agonistic encounters toward the other male, and time spent with the female. Thus, malarial infection hinders the ability of male fence lizards to compete for mates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385255
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parasites and showy males: malarial infection and color variation in fence lizards (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 78 (1989), S. 158-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Parasites ; Malaria ; Lizards ; Sexual selection ; Sexual dimorphism ; Hamilton/Zuk hypothesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Hamilton and Zuk (1982) proposed that the quality of male showy traits reflects genetically-based resistance to parasites and can be used by females to select mates that are less prone to parasitic attack. The hypothesis requires that a particular state of a variable showy trait should be associated with parasite infection. We tested this idea with a population of western fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis, infected with the malarial parasite, Plasmodium mexicanum. Ventral color pattern is strongly dimorphic in fence lizards and varies greatly among males in this population. Malaria-infected males exhibited significantly more black and less pale on their ventral surface than did noninfected males of similar body size. This difference was not a function of differing ages of infected and noninfected animals of the same body size. However, logistic regression demonstrated that females using male ventral color as a gauge of infection status would only marginally improve their chance of choosing a noninfected lizard over random selection of mates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377151
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