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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Human cytomegalovirus infects vascular tissues and has been associated with atherogenesis and coronary restenosis. Although established laboratory strains of human cytomegalovirus have lost the ability to grow on vascular endothelial cells, laboratory strains of murine cytomegalovirus retain this ability. With the use of a forward-genetic procedure involving random transposon mutagenesis and rapid phenotypic screening, we identified a murine cytomegalovirus gene governing endothelial cell tropism. This gene, M45, shares sequence homology to ribonucleotide reductase genes. Endothelial cells infected with M45-mutant viruses rapidly undergo apoptosis, suggesting that a viral strategy to evade destruction by cellular apoptosis is indispensable for viral growth in endothelial cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brune, W -- Menard, C -- Heesemann, J -- Koszinowski, U H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 12;291(5502):303-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. wbrune@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11209080" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/*virology ; Fibroblasts/virology ; Frameshift Mutation ; Gene Library ; *Genes, Viral ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muromegalovirus/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Open Reading Frames ; Phenotype ; Ribonucleotide Reductases/*genetics/physiology ; *Viral Proteins ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 219 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Genetic manipulations with enteropathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 are complicated by the presence of an efficient Pst I-like Yen I restriction–modification (R–M) system[1]. We have characterized the Yen I R–M system in Y. enterocolitica O:8, biotype 1B. A 5039 bp DNA fragment of the pSAK2 recombinant plasmid carrying the yenI locus was used to determine the nucleotide sequence. DNA sequence analysis identified a single 2481 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes an 826 amino acid large polypeptide having an apparent molecular mass of 93 kDa. The N-terminal part of the Yen I ORF has 45 and 40% identity to Pst I and Bsu I methyltransferases (MTases), respectively; while the C-terminal part depicts 55 and 45% identity to endonucleases (ENases) of both isoschyzomeric enzymes. The yenI gene was cloned into pT7–5 plasmid and has been shown to encode a single polypeptide of expected molecular mass. A specific recognition sequence, typical to the type II R–M systems and single peptide organization, typical to type IV R–M systems, make Yen I unique among known restriction–modification systems. We have constructed a truncated recombinant variant of Yen I enzyme, which conserved only MTase activity, and that can be applied to Yen I methylation of the DNA to be transformed into Y. enterocolitica O:8 biotype 1B strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 39 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The high-pathogenicity island of Yersinia pestis (Yps HPI) encodes virulence-associated genes involved in siderophore yersiniabactin-mediated iron uptake. The Yps HPI contains a P4-type integrase (Int-HPI), associated with the asn-tRNA locus, and is flanked by 17 bp direct repeats. We constructed a minimal integrative module of the pathogenicity island carrying the reconstituted 266 bp attP (POP′) attachment site derived from putative attR and attL junctions of the Yps HPI and the functional int-HPI gene from Y. pestis KUMA. The attP–int-HPI module recombined efficiently, site specifically and RecA independently with the bacterial attB site present either in the chromosome (asn-tDNA) or on a plasmid, with no preference for a certain asn-tRNA gene. The excision of the integrated suicide plasmid carrying the integrative module, on the other hand, was a rare event and could be demonstrated only by polymerase chain reaction. Analysis of the 5′ terminus of the transcript for int-HPI revealed that the integration of attP–int-HPI was coupled with the replacement of the endogenous int-HPI promoter, localized in the P′ part of the attP site, by the adjacent asn-tRNA promoter. These results suggest that two alternative promoters control integration and excision of the HPI by its integrase.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 182 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The high-pathogenicity island (Yen HPI) of Yersinia enterocolitica biogroup (BG) 1B strains is associated with mouse virulence. Three repeated sequences are clustered on the A+T-rich part of the Yen HPI downstream of the fyuA yersiniabactin receptor gene in Y. enterocolitica O:8 strains WA-314 and 8081. In addition to IS1328 and IS1400, the RS3 repeated sequence consists of a novel insertion sequence, IS1329, inserted into the remnants of IS1222. This partial IS retains both 44-bp inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of IS1222 but has suffered deletions of different sizes in strains WA-314 and 8081. IS1329 is 1243-bp long, carries 25-bp imperfect ITRs and two consecutive orfs capable to encode 110-amino acid (aa) and 249-aa proteins, respectively. IS1329 is present only in BG 1B Y. enterocolitica strains. Similarly to IS1400, IS1329 and IS1222 belong to the IS3 group of mobile elements and seem to have preference for the ‘local hopping’ into the A+T-rich part of the Yen HPI. These insertion sequences may be responsible for the imprecise deletions of the Yen HPI in strain WA-314.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 210 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The method of suppressive subtractive hybridization was employed to map out genomic differences between the highly pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) biogroup 1B, serotype O:8 strain (WA-314) and the closely related apathogenic Y. enterocolitica biogroup 1A, serotype O:5 strain (NF-O). A novel IS10-like element, IS1330, uncovered by this technique was found to be uniquely present in high copy numbers among the highly pathogenic Y. enterocolitica 1B strains, while a single copy of the element was found in the low pathogenic Ye biogroup 4 serotype O:3 strain. The 1321-bp repetitive element has 19-bp imperfect inverted terminal repeats and is bracketed by a 10-bp duplication of the target sequence. The predicted transposase shares high homology with the IS10 open reading frame of the large virulence plasmid pWR501, of Shigella flexneri, with IS10 transposase of Salmonella typhi, and with IS1999 (tnpA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The IS1330 tnp gene is transcribed in vitro and in vivo in HeLa cells. At least one copy of IS1330 flanks the recently described chromosomal type III secretion cluster in Y. enterocolitica WA-314, O:8, and future studies should shed light on whether this novel transposase mediates transposition events in highly pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains, thus enhancing the genetic plasticity of this species.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Yersinia outer protein YopE belongs to the translocated effector proteins of pathogenic yersiniae. We constructed various truncated yopE genes fused to gfp (encoding the green fluorescent protein) to study yopE gene expression and YopE–GFP translocation of Y. enterocolitica in cell culture and mouse infection models. The hybrid gene fusions were co-expressed in Y. enterocolitica (i) on a low-copy plasmid in the presence of the virulence plasmid pYV08 (in trans configuration) and (ii) after co-integration by homologous recombination of a yopE–gfp-carrying suicide plasmid into pYV08 (co-integrate configuration). After 30 min of infection of HEp-2 cell monolayers, extracellularly located yersiniae began to emit green fluorescence after excitation. In contrast, internalized bacteria were weakly fluorescent. Translocation of YopE–GFP into HEp-2 cells by attached yersiniae was visualized by optical sectioning of fluorescent HEp-2 cells using confocal laser scanning microscopy and was confirmed by immunoprecipitation of cytosolic YopE–GFP from selectively solubilized HEp-2 cells. The co-translocation of other Yops was not significantly impaired by YopE–GFP as shown by YopH/YopE-mediated suppression of the oxidative burst of infected neutrophils. The time course of yopE–gfp expression (in trans as well as in the co-integrate configuration) in the HEp-2 cell infection model as well as after in vitro induction was studied using a highly sensitive CCD camera and a flow cytometer. Similar results were obtained with a YopE–LUC (firefly luciferase) protein fusion as reporter. After intraperitoneal, intravenous and orogastrical infection of Balb/c mice with the recombinant yersiniae strains, green fluorescing bacteria could be visualized microscopically in the peritoneum, the spleen, the liver and in the Peyer's patches. However, only weakly fluorescent yersiniae were observed in the intestinal lumen. These results were quantified by flow cytometric measurements. The application of gfp as a reporter gene turned out to be promising for the study of protein translocation by protein type III secretion systems and differential virulence gene expression in vivo.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 792-792 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of bradyzoite-specific antigens (Bsa) ofToxoplasma gondii was studied in murine bonemarrow-derived macrophages that had previously been infected with tachyzoites. Growth conditions that allowed only restricted replication ofToxoplasma gondii resulted in heterogeneous populations; (1) Bsa-positive and Bsa-negative parasites could be observed within one parasitophorous vacuole (heterogeneous vacuole community), and (2) homogeneous Bsa-positive and homogeneous Bsa-negative vacuole communities coexisted within one macrophage host cell. These observations suggest that stage conversion does not seem to be a synchromous event for a vacuole community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Parasitology research 79 (1993), S. 191-194 
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lectin-binding studies demonstrated the presence of a 68-kDa glycoprotein in tachyzoites ofToxoplasma gondii harvested from P388D1 macrophage cell cultures but not in tachyzoites maintained in peritoneal cavities of NMRI mice. This protein was identified as the embryonic protein fetuin that regularly is contained in fetal calf serum, a component of cell-culture media. Uptake of fetuin byT. gondii was demonstrated by intracellular localization of this protein. As shown by latex agglutination and immunofluorescence, no specific binding of fetuin to the parasite's surface was detected. Using affinity chromatography of fetuin-agarose, it was demonstrated that fetuin bound specifically to a 15-kDa antigen of tachyzoites. As revealed by inhibition studies with sialic acid and the lectinSambucus nigra agglutinin, the 15-kDa protein probably recognized glycan structures of fetuin.
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  • 10
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