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  • 1
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    Molecular cloud formation in high-shear, magnetized colliding flows (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-10
    Description: The colliding flows (CF) model is a well-supported mechanism for generating molecular clouds. However, to-date most CF simulations have focused on the formation of clouds in the normal-shock layer between head-on colliding flows. We performed simulations of magnetized colliding flows that instead meet at an oblique-shock layer. Oblique shocks generate shear in the post-shock environment, and this shear creates inhospitable environments for star formation. As the degree of shear increases (i.e. the obliquity of the shock increases), we find that it takes longer for sink particles to form, they form in lower numbers, and they tend to be less massive. With regard to magnetic fields, we find that even a weak field stalls gravitational collapse within forming clouds. Additionally, an initially oblique collision interface tends to reorient over time in the presence of a magnetic field, so that it becomes normal to the oncoming flows. This was demonstrated by our most oblique shock interface, which became fully normal by the end of the simulation.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Australian tropical cyclone activity lower than at any time over the past 550-1,500 years (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-31
    Description: The assessment of changes in tropical cyclone activity within the context of anthropogenically influenced climate change has been limited by the short temporal resolution of the instrumental tropical cyclone record (less than 50 years). Furthermore, controversy exists regarding the robustness of the observational record, especially before 1990. Here we show, on the basis of a new tropical cyclone activity index (CAI), that the present low levels of storm activity on the mid west and northeast coasts of Australia are unprecedented over the past 550 to 1,500 years. The CAI allows for a direct comparison between the modern instrumental record and long-term palaeotempest (prehistoric tropical cyclone) records derived from the (18)O/(16)O ratio of seasonally accreting carbonate layers of actively growing stalagmites. Our results reveal a repeated multicentennial cycle of tropical cyclone activity, the most recent of which commenced around AD 1700. The present cycle includes a sharp decrease in activity after 1960 in Western Australia. This is in contrast to the increasing frequency and destructiveness of Northern Hemisphere tropical cyclones since 1970 in the Atlantic Ocean and the western North Pacific Ocean. Other studies project a decrease in the frequency of tropical cyclones towards the end of the twenty-first century in the southwest Pacific, southern Indian and Australian regions. Our results, although based on a limited record, suggest that this may be occurring much earlier than expected.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haig, Jordahna -- Nott, Jonathan -- Reichart, Gert-Jan -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jan 30;505(7485):667-71. doi: 10.1038/nature12882.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. ; 1] Department of Geochemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TA, The Netherlands [2] Geology Department, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Hoorn (Texel) 1797 SZ, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24476890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean ; Australia ; Carbon Isotopes ; Carbonates/analysis/chemistry ; Cyclonic Storms/*statistics & numerical data ; Global Warming/statistics & numerical data ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Human Activities ; Oxygen Isotopes ; Pacific Ocean ; Rain ; Seasons ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    The porcellanid crabs of the Isla Gorgona, Pacific Coast of Colombia, with a description of Clastotoechus gorgonensis sp. nov. (Crustacea: Anomura) (2011)
    Santa Marta (Colombia), INVEMAR
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A collection of porcellanid crabs was made on che Isla Gorgona, Colombia, during a one week period, sampling as completely as possible a number of different biotopes. The majority of the 16 species in six genera that were collected occurred in the formations of pocilloporid corals and between stones in the sublittoral zone. Clastotoechus gorgonensis sp. nov. lives in the burrows of the sea urchin Echinometra vanbrunti A. Agassiz in the intertidal zone. Seven species are new additions to the porcellanid fauna of Gorgona and two of them are new records for Colombia. A total of 18 species are now known to occur on Isla Gorgona.
    Description: En un trabajo de campo de una semana en la Isla Gorgona, Colombia, se coleccionaron porcelánidos en una variedad de diferentes Isótopos. I,a mayoría de las 16 especies, pertenecientes a seis géneros que se reportan, se encontraron en las formaciones de corales del género Pucillopora y entre piedras en la zona sublitoral. Clastotoechus gorgonensis sp. nov. vive en los huecos que perforan erizos de la especie Echinometra vanbrunti A. Agassiz en las rocas del intermareal. Siete especies son nuevas adiciones a la fauna de porcelánidos de Gorgona, y dos de éstas son nuevos reportes para Colombia. Con este trabajo el número total de especies de porcelánidos reportados de la Isla Gorgona se aumenta a I8.
    Description: Published
    Description: Porcellanid Crabs
    Keywords: Marine crustaceans
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 4
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    Temporal and spatial variation in size at maturity of the common whelk (Buccinum undatum) (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-01
    Description: There is little common rationale for the 45 to 75 mm total shell length (TSL) minimum landing sizes (MLS) for Buccinum undatum among countries in the Northeast Atlantic. Size at maturity and length frequency of B. undatum populations vary over small spatial scales; however, the driving mechanism for this is unknown. Size at maturity research for B. undatum dates back to the late 1980s; since then, there has been little consensus on laboratory methods or in which season to undertake the research. Here, we assess small-scale spatial variation in size at maturity over a year to identify the seasons that increase error in visual maturity estimates. We compare and contrast results from methods used in the literature to estimate maturity for B. undatum . Monthly, B. undatum samples were obtained from Welsh fishers between May 2013 and May 2014 from eight sites at four locations ( n = 5080). All whelks were sexed, weighed, and measured, and up to 60 whelks from each location were assessed for maturity ( n = 1659). Mature whelks were found in all months, with a peak in reproductive activity through summer and early autumn, followed by the onset of spawning in November. Size at maturity varied between sexes and sites, and ranged from 51 to 76 mm TSL. Whelks caught in shallow waters (0–10 m) matured at a smaller size than those from deeper waters (up to 60 m). Length frequency varied at each site suggesting that a single increase in MLS would impact fishers disproportionately. No methodology trialled was found without inherent errors when used in isolation, though a combination of methods proved ideal. The seasonal variation in maturity estimates suggested that assigning maturity is increasingly difficult outside annual reproductive periods and that prespawning is the ideal time to undertake visual gonad assessments for whelks.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Genes, Vol. 2, Pages 397-419: Delineating Chromosomal Breakpoints in Radiation-Induced Papillary Thyroid Cancer (2012)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
    In: Genes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-12
    Description: Recurrent translocations are well known hallmarks of many human solid tumors and hematological disorders, where patient- and breakpoint-specific information may facilitate prognostication and individualized therapy. In thyroid carcinomas, the proto-oncogenes RET and NTRK1 are often found to be activated through chromosomal rearrangements. However, many sporadic tumors and papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) arising in patients with a history of exposure to elevated levels of ionizing irradiation do not carry these known abnormalities. We developed a rapid scheme to screen tumor cell metaphase spreads and identify candidate genes of tumorigenesis and neoplastic progression for subsequent functional studies. Using a series of overnight fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments with pools comprised of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones, it now becomes possible to rapidly refine breakpoint maps and, within one week, progress from the low resolution Spectral Karyotyping (SKY) maps or Giemsa-banding (G-banding) karyotypes to fully integrated, high resolution physical maps including a list of candiate genes in the critical regions.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4425
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
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  • 6
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    Reproductive traits and factors affecting the size at maturity of Cancer pagurus across Northern Europe (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-10
    Description: In this article, we undertake the first broad-scale, cross-institutional collaboration to collect data on the size at maturity and reproductive strategy of the commercially fished decapod crab species, Cancer pagurus . Using identical methodology and temporal sampling, morphometric and physiological estimates of size at maturity were undertaken using 1806 crabs sampled from populations in the seas off Ireland, the Isle of Man, Scotland, Wales, England, and Norway. Additionally body condition, prevalence of external parasites, black spot disease, and the hepatosomatic index (HSI, hepatopancreas weight as a percentage of total tissue weight), and gonadosomatic index (GSI, gonad weight as a percentage of total tissue weight) were estimated for some populations. C. pagurus appears to use a "capitalist" reproductive strategy, relying on previously accumulated energy to use through the reproductive season. Crabs displaying black spot disease had significantly lower HSI values, taking into account that HSI decreases with each progressive reproductive stage. Male crabs with poor body condition and black spot disease displayed greater GSI values. Though this pattern was regionally variable, it indicates that, in some cases, physical stress may induce greater investment into reproductive resources. Based on the carapace width (CW) at which 50% of the sampled population was physiologically mature (CW 50 ), estimates of size at first maturity varied between sampled populations in the range 97–117 mm CW in females and 59–106 mm CW in males. The CW 50 estimates reported here are smaller than previously reported values for C. pagurus populations. However, the variety of laboratory and statistical methodologies used in published studies prevent absolute comparisons with our results. We discuss the benefits of developing a standardized methodology for size at maturity research and the need for greater collaboration in fisheries research to achieve goals set under the European Union’s Data Collection Framework for this species.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Video capture of crustacean fisheries data as an alternative to on-board observers (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-29
    Description: For EU member states to meet the requirements of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the reformed Common Fisheries Policy, it will be necessary to improve data collection related to many fisheries that are at present subject to relatively little monitoring or scientific research. This study evaluated the use of on-board camera systems to collect data from Cancer pagurus and Homarus gammarus fisheries. We evaluated the reliability of the hardware and its ability to collect images of sufficient accuracy and precision compared with using on-board observers. Fishers and on-board observers passed animals removed from traps across a defined area. The relationship between the in situ and predicted measurements of carapace length of lobsters or carapace width (CW) of crabs was investigated. The mean difference between the predicted and real crab measurements was –0.853 mm with a standard error of 0.378 mm. Suggesting that the model tends to underestimate the real CW slightly. The mean difference between predicted and real data for lobsters was 0.085 mm with a standard error of 0.208 mm. Sex allocation for crabs based on video images was 100% accurate. All male lobsters were correctly assigned. For lobsters 〉86 mm in length, the correct female sex allocation was 100% accurate. For smaller lobsters, the accuracy of sex allocation decreased to a low of 51% in lobsters 〈70 mm. Camera systems were found to be a suitable method for collecting data on the size and sex of crabs and lobsters. The error attributable to using video data rather than manual measurement was less than 3 mm, which is sufficient to detect growth increments in these species. The requirements to collect basic species data are increasing and the ability to do so without on-board observers will reduce the cost implications of these requirements. Future computer automation of image extraction and measurements will increase the application of video systems for data collection.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Towards reconstructing ancient seawater Mg/Ca by combining porcelaneous and hyaline foraminiferal Mg/Ca-temperature calibrations (2017)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7037
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9533
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
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    Delineating Chromosomal Breakpoints in Radiation-Induced Papillary Thyroid Cancer (2011)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4425
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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