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  • 1
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    A continental shelf perspective of ocean acidification and temperature evolution during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2016)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-23
    Description: A rapid and large injection of isotopically light carbon into the ocean-atmosphere reservoirs is signaled by a negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary ~56 m.y. ago. To better understand the extent of ocean warming and acidification associated with the carbon injection we generated elemental and isotopic records of surface and thermocline planktonic foraminifera across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary from an expanded section along the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain, New Jersey (USA). Ocean temperatures (derived from magnesium/calcium paleothermometer) document a lag in thermocline warming relative to surface waters, implying a progressive deepening of the mixed layer in addition to global warming. A similar magnitude of acidification (as recorded by boron/calcium, B/Ca) on the shelf compared with open ocean sites confirms widespread acidification of the surface ocean. An increase in seawater alkalinity after the CIE, as recorded by B/Ca in planktonic foraminifera, likely played an important role in neutralizing the added carbon, possibly minimizing benthic extinction along the shelf.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 2
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    Detection and attribution of urbanization effect on flood extremes using nonstationary flood frequency models (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-21
    Description: This study investigates whether long-term changes in observed series of high flows can be attributed to changes in land-use via non-stationary flood frequency analyses. A point process characterization of threshold exceedances is used, which allows for direct inclusion of covariates in the model; as well as a non-stationary model for block maxima series. In particular, changes in annual, winter and summer block maxima and peaks over threshold extracted from gauged instantaneous flows records in two hydrologically similar catchments located in close proximity to one another in northern England are investigated. The study catchment is characterized by large increases in urbanization levels in recent decades, while the paired control catchment has remained undeveloped during the study period (1970-2010). To avoid the potential confounding effect of natural variability, a covariate which summarize key climatological properties is included in the flood frequency model. A significant effect of the increasing urbanization levels on high flows is detected, in particular in the summer season. Point process models appear to be superior to block maxima models in their ability to detect the effect of the increase in urbanization levels on high flows. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0043-1397
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7973
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Binding of Plasmodium merozoite proteins RON2 and AMA1 triggers commitment to invasion [Microbiology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-10
    Description: The commitment of Plasmodium merozoites to invade red blood cells (RBCs) is marked by the formation of a junction between the merozoite and the RBC and the coordinated induction of the parasitophorous vacuole. Despite its importance, the molecular events underlying the parasite’s commitment to invasion are not well understood. Here we show that the interaction of two parasite proteins, RON2 and AMA1, known to be critical for invasion, is essential to trigger junction formation. Using antibodies (Abs) that bind near the hydrophobic pocket of AMA1 and AMA1 mutated in the pocket, we identified RON2’s binding site on AMA1. Abs specific for the AMA1 pocket blocked junction formation and the induction of the parasitophorous vacuole. We also identified the critical residues in the RON2 peptide (previously shown to bind AMA1) that are required for binding to the AMA1 pocket, namely, two conserved, disulfide-linked cysteines. The RON2 peptide blocked junction formation but, unlike the AMA1-specific Ab, did not block formation of the parasitophorous vacuole, indicating that formation of the junction and parasitophorous vacuole are molecularly distinct steps in the invasion process. Collectively, these results identify the binding of RON2 to the hydrophobic pocket of AMA1 as the step that commits Plasmodium merozoites to RBC invasion and point to RON2 as a potential vaccine candidate.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Abrupt cloud clearing of marine stratocumulus in the subtropical southeast Atlantic (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Description: We document rapid and abrupt clearings of large portions of the subtropical marine low cloud deck that have implications for the global radiation balance and climate sensitivity. Over the southeast Atlantic, large areas of stratocumulus are quickly eroded, yielding partial or complete clearing along sharp transitions hundreds to thousands of kilometers in length that move westward at 8 to 12 meters per second and travel as far as 1000+ kilometers from the African coast. The westward-moving cloudiness reductions have an annual peak in occurrence in the period from April through June. The cloud erosion boundaries reduce cloud at 10-kilometer scale in less than 15 minutes, move approximately perpendicular to the mean flow, and are often accompanied by small-scale wave features. Observations suggest that the cloud erosion is caused by atmospheric gravity waves.
    Keywords: Geochemistry, Geophysics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Telomere elongation in induced pluripotent stem cells from dyskeratosis congenita patients (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-02-19
    Description: Patients with dyskeratosis congenita (DC), a disorder of telomere maintenance, suffer degeneration of multiple tissues. Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells represent invaluable in vitro models for human degenerative disorders like DC. A cardinal feature of iPS cells is acquisition of indefinite self-renewal capacity, which is accompanied by induction of the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT). We investigated whether defects in telomerase function would limit derivation and maintenance of iPS cells from patients with DC. Here we show that reprogrammed DC cells overcome a critical limitation in telomerase RNA component (TERC) levels to restore telomere maintenance and self-renewal. We discovered that TERC upregulation is a feature of the pluripotent state, that several telomerase components are targeted by pluripotency-associated transcription factors, and that in autosomal dominant DC, transcriptional silencing accompanies a 3' deletion at the TERC locus. Our results demonstrate that reprogramming restores telomere elongation in DC cells despite genetic lesions affecting telomerase, and show that strategies to increase TERC expression may be therapeutically beneficial in DC patients.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058620/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058620/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Agarwal, Suneet -- Loh, Yuin-Han -- McLoughlin, Erin M -- Huang, Junjiu -- Park, In-Hyun -- Miller, Justine D -- Huo, Hongguang -- Okuka, Maja -- Dos Reis, Rosana Maria -- Loewer, Sabine -- Ng, Huck-Hui -- Keefe, David L -- Goldman, Frederick D -- Klingelhutz, Aloysius J -- Liu, Lin -- Daley, George Q -- DP1 OD000256/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000256-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL089150/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL089150-01A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08HL089150/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027388/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027388-01A2/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01AG0227388/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100001/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 11;464(7286):292-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08792. Epub 2010 Feb 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164838" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cellular Reprogramming/genetics ; Dyskeratosis Congenita/enzymology/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Humans ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/enzymology ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion/genetics ; Telomerase/genetics/metabolism ; Telomere/*genetics ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Science communication. Public acceptance of evolution (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Jon D -- Scott, Eugenie C -- Okamoto, Shinji -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):765-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1115, USA. jdmiller@msu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; *Attitude ; *Biological Evolution ; Educational Status ; Europe ; Female ; Genetics ; Humans ; Japan ; Male ; Politics ; *Public Opinion ; Public Policy ; Religion ; Religion and Science ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    A continental shelf perspective of ocean acidification and temperature evolution during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (2016)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: A rapid and large injection of isotopically light carbon into the ocean-atmosphere reservoirs is signaled by a negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary ~56 m.y. ago. To better understand the extent of ocean warming and acidification associated with the carbon injection we generated elemental and isotopic records of surface and thermocline planktonic foraminifera across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary from an expanded section along the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain, New Jersey (USA). Ocean temperatures (derived from magnesium/calcium paleothermometer) document a lag in thermocline warming relative to surface waters, implying a progressive deepening of the mixed layer in addition to global warming. A similar magnitude of acidification (as recorded by boron/calcium, B/Ca) on the shelf compared with open ocean sites confirms widespread acidification of the surface ocean. An increase in seawater alkalinity after the CIE, as recorded by B/Ca in planktonic foraminifera, likely played an important role in neutralizing the added carbon, possibly minimizing benthic extinction along the shelf.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 8
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    Naturally occurring p16(Ink4a)-positive cells shorten healthy lifespan (2016)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-04
    Description: Cellular senescence, a stress-induced irreversible growth arrest often characterized by expression of p16(Ink4a) (encoded by the Ink4a/Arf locus, also known as Cdkn2a) and a distinctive secretory phenotype, prevents the proliferation of preneoplastic cells and has beneficial roles in tissue remodelling during embryogenesis and wound healing. Senescent cells accumulate in various tissues and organs over time, and have been speculated to have a role in ageing. To explore the physiological relevance and consequences of naturally occurring senescent cells, here we use a previously established transgene, INK-ATTAC, to induce apoptosis in p16(Ink4a)-expressing cells of wild-type mice by injection of AP20187 twice a week starting at one year of age. We show that compared to vehicle alone, AP20187 treatment extended median lifespan in both male and female mice of two distinct genetic backgrounds. The clearance of p16(Ink4a)-positive cells delayed tumorigenesis and attenuated age-related deterioration of several organs without apparent side effects, including kidney, heart and fat, where clearance preserved the functionality of glomeruli, cardio-protective KATP channels and adipocytes, respectively. Thus, p16(Ink4a)-positive cells that accumulate during adulthood negatively influence lifespan and promote age-dependent changes in several organs, and their therapeutic removal may be an attractive approach to extend healthy lifespan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Darren J -- Childs, Bennett G -- Durik, Matej -- Wijers, Melinde E -- Sieben, Cynthia J -- Zhong, Jian -- Saltness, Rachel A -- Jeganathan, Karthik B -- Verzosa, Grace Casaclang -- Pezeshki, Abdulmohammad -- Khazaie, Khashayarsha -- Miller, Jordan D -- van Deursen, Jan M -- AG041122/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HL111121/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG041122/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096985/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA96985/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Feb 11;530(7589):184-9. doi: 10.1038/nature16932. Epub 2016 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. ; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. ; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26840489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/cytology/pathology/physiology ; Aging/*pathology/*physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Aging/*physiology ; Cell Separation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/*metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/pathology ; Female ; *Health ; Kidney/cytology/pathology/physiology/physiopathology ; Lipodystrophy/pathology ; Longevity/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Myocardium/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Organ Specificity ; Stem Cells/cytology/pathology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Entropy production and time asymmetry in the presence of strong interactions (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-20
    Description: Author(s): H. J. D. Miller and J. Anders It is known that the equilibrium properties of open classical systems that are strongly coupled to a heat bath are described by a set of thermodynamic potentials related to the system's Hamiltonian of mean force. By adapting this framework to a more general class of nonequilibrium states, we show th… [Phys. Rev. E 95, 062123] Published Mon Jun 19, 2017
    Keywords: Statistical Physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 10
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    Measurement-dependent corrections to work distributions arising from quantum coherences (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-14
    Description: Author(s): P. Solinas, H. J. D. Miller, and J. Anders For a quantum system undergoing a unitary, process work is commonly defined based on the two projective measurement protocols, which measures the energies of the system before and after the process. However, it is well known that projective measurements disregard quantum coherences of the system wit... [Phys. Rev. A 96, 052115] Published Mon Nov 13, 2017
    Keywords: Fundamental concepts
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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