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  • 1
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    Impact of textual factors on citations (2016)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-24
    Description: We investigate how textual properties of scientific papers relate to the number of citations they receive. Our main finding is that correlations are nonlinear and affect differently the most cited and typical papers. For instance, we find that, in most journals, short titles correlate positively with citations only for the most cited papers, whereas for typical papers, the correlation is usually negative. Our analysis of six different factors, calculated both at the title and abstract level of 4.3 million papers in over 1500 journals, reveals the number of authors, and the length and complexity of the abstract, as having the strongest (positive) influence on the number of citations.
    Keywords: statistics, e-science, complexity
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 2
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    Antibodies to Pseudogymnoascus destructans are not sufficient for protection against white-nose syndrome (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-12
    Description: White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal disease caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans ( Pd ) that affects bats during hibernation. Although millions of bats have died from WNS in North America, mass mortality has not been observed among European bats infected by the fungus, leading to the suggestion that bats in Europe are immune. We tested the hypothesis that an antibody-mediated immune response can provide protection against WNS by quantifying antibodies reactive to Pd in blood samples from seven species of free-ranging bats in North America and two free-ranging species in Europe. We also quantified antibodies in blood samples from little brown myotis ( Myotis lucifugus ) that were part of a captive colony that we injected with live Pd spores mixed with adjuvant, as well as individuals surviving a captive Pd infection trial. Seroprevalence of antibodies against Pd , as well as antibody titers, was greater among little brown myotis than among four other species of cave-hibernating bats in North America, including species with markedly lower WNS mortality rates. Among little brown myotis, the greatest titers occurred in populations occupying regions with longer histories of WNS, where bats lacked secondary symptoms of WNS. We detected antibodies cross-reactive with Pd among little brown myotis naïve to the fungus. We observed high titers among captive little brown myotis injected with Pd . We did not detect antibodies against Pd in Pd -infected European bats during winter, and titers during the active season were lower than among little brown myotis. These results show that antibody-mediated immunity cannot explain survival of European bats infected with Pd and that little brown myotis respond differently to Pd than species with higher WNS survival rates. Although it appears that some species of bats in North America may be developing resistance to WNS, an antibody-mediated immune response does not provide an explanation for these remnant populations. We directly measured antibody-mediated immune responses in free-ranging bats to the fungus that causes white-nose syndrome (WNS). Several lines of evidence demonstrated that antibody-mediated immune resistance does not explain the survival of certain species infected with Pseudogymnoascus destructans in North America or Europe. By eliminating antibody-mediated immunity as a pathway for surviving WNS, this study raises important additional questions about the ability of North American bats to adapt to WNS.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
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    Grubbs–Hoveyda type catalysts bearing a dicationic N-heterocyclic carbene for biphasic olefin metathesis reactions in ionic liquids (2015)
    Beilstein-Institut
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-16
    Description: The novel dicationic metathesis catalyst [(RuCl 2 (H 2 ITapMe 2 )(=CH–2-(2-PrO)-C 6 H 4 )) 2+ (OTf − ) 2 ] ( Ru-2 , H 2 ITapMe 2 = 1,3-bis(2’,6’-dimethyl-4’-trimethylammoniumphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene, OTf − = CF 3 SO 3 − ) based on a dicationic N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand was prepared. The reactivity was tested in ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) under biphasic conditions using a nonpolar organic solvent (toluene) and the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BDMIM + ][BF 4 − ]. The structure of Ru-2 was confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1632–1638. doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.178
    Keywords: biphasic catalysisionic initiatorsrecyclingROMPruthenium
    Electronic ISSN: 1860-5397
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Beilstein-Institut
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  • 4
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    Neuroanatomy of magnetoreception: the superior colliculus involved in magnetic orientation in a mammal (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-13
    Description: The neural substrate subserving magnetic orientation is largely unknown in vertebrates and unstudied in mammals. We combined a behavioral test for magnetic compass orientation in mole rats and immunocytochemical visualization of the transcription factor c-Fos as a marker of neuronal activity. We found that the superior colliculus of the Zambian mole rat (Cryptomys anselli) contains neurons that are responsive to magnetic stimuli. These neurons are directionally selective and organized within a discrete sublayer. Our results constitute evidence for the involvement of a specific mammalian brain structure in magnetoreception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nemec, P -- Altmann, J -- Marhold, S -- Burda, H -- Oelschlager, H H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 12;294(5541):366-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Charles University, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic. pgnemec@natur.cuni.cz〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11598299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Brain Mapping ; Efferent Pathways ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; *Magnetics ; Male ; Mole Rats/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Nesting Behavior ; Neurons/metabolism/*physiology ; *Orientation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism ; Superior Colliculi/cytology/metabolism/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Life at the top: rank and stress in wild male baboons (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: In social hierarchies, dominant individuals experience reproductive and health benefits, but the costs of social dominance remain a topic of debate. Prevailing hypotheses predict that higher-ranking males experience higher testosterone and glucocorticoid (stress hormone) levels than lower-ranking males when hierarchies are unstable but not otherwise. In this long-term study of rank-related stress in a natural population of savannah baboons (Papio cynocephalus), high-ranking males had higher testosterone and lower glucocorticoid levels than other males, regardless of hierarchy stability. The singular exception was for the highest-ranking (alpha) males, who exhibited both high testosterone and high glucocorticoid levels. In particular, alpha males exhibited much higher stress hormone levels than second-ranking (beta) males, suggesting that being at the very top may be more costly than previously thought.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3433837/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3433837/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gesquiere, Laurence R -- Learn, Niki H -- Simao, M Carolina M -- Onyango, Patrick O -- Alberts, Susan C -- Altmann, Jeanne -- P01 AG031719/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 AG024361/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG034513/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-AG034513/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R03 MH065294/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R03 MH65294/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R24 HD047879/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):357-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1207120.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. lgesquie@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764751" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Dominance-Subordination ; Feces/chemistry ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/analysis ; *Hierarchy, Social ; Kenya ; Male ; Papio cynocephalus/*physiology/*psychology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Dominance ; *Stress, Psychological ; Testosterone/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Aging in the natural world: comparative data reveal similar mortality patterns across primates (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-12
    Description: Human senescence patterns-late onset of mortality increase, slow mortality acceleration, and exceptional longevity-are often described as unique in the animal world. Using an individual-based data set from longitudinal studies of wild populations of seven primate species, we show that contrary to assumptions of human uniqueness, human senescence falls within the primate continuum of aging; the tendency for males to have shorter life spans and higher age-specific mortality than females throughout much of adulthood is a common feature in many, but not all, primates; and the aging profiles of primate species do not reflect phylogenetic position. These findings suggest that mortality patterns in primates are shaped by local selective forces rather than phylogenetic history.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3396421/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3396421/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bronikowski, Anne M -- Altmann, Jeanne -- Brockman, Diane K -- Cords, Marina -- Fedigan, Linda M -- Pusey, Anne -- Stoinski, Tara -- Morris, William F -- Strier, Karen B -- Alberts, Susan C -- R01 AG034513/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R24 HD047879/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 11;331(6022):1325-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1201571.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Atelinae/physiology ; Cebus/physiology ; Cercopithecus/physiology ; Female ; Gorilla gorilla/physiology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; *Longevity ; Male ; Models, Statistical ; *Mortality ; Pan troglodytes/physiology ; Papio cynocephalus/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Primates/*physiology ; Species Specificity ; Strepsirhini/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Social bonds of female baboons enhance infant survival (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: Among nonhuman primates, females often form strong bonds with kin and other group members. These relationships are thought to have adaptive value for females, but direct effects of sociality on fitness have never been demonstrated. We present 16 years of behavioral data from a well-studied population of wild baboons, which demonstrate that sociality of adult females is positively associated with infant survival, an important component of variation in female lifetime fitness. The effects of sociality on infant survival are independent of the effects of dominance rank, group membership, and environmental conditions. Our results are consistent with the evidence that social support has beneficial effects on human health and well-being across the life span. For humans and other primates, sociality has adaptive value.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silk, Joan B -- Alberts, Susan C -- Altmann, Jeanne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1231-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA. jsilk@anthro.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Environment ; Female ; Grooming ; Hierarchy, Social ; Kenya ; Papio/*physiology/*psychology ; *Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; Social Dominance ; Social Support ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Monoclonal therapy of Argentine hemorrhagic fever [Immunology and Inflammation] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-20
    Description: Countermeasures against potential biothreat agents remain important to US Homeland Security, and many of these pharmaceuticals could have dual use in the improvement of global public health. Junin virus, the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), is an arenavirus identified as a category A high-priority agent. There are no...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    [ASAP] Stereochemistry of the Menthyl Grignard Reagent: Generation, Composition, Dynamics, and Reactions with Electrophiles (2018)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-11
    Description: The Journal of Organic Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02278
    Print ISSN: 0022-3263
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6904
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 10
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    Primate infant's effects on mother's future reproduction (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-09-15
    Description: Female savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus) had a longer postpartum amenorrhea and thereafter cycled longer before conceiving if their previous infant survived than if that infant died. Among mothers of surviving infants, differences in maternal care produced differences in age of weaning and age of independence but did not result in differences in interbirth intervals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altmann, J -- Altmann, S A -- Hausfater, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Sep 15;201(4360):1028-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/98844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amenorrhea ; Animals ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Maternal Behavior ; Papio/*physiology ; *Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; *Reproduction ; Time Factors ; Weaning
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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