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  • 1
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    Forkhead factor FoxO1 is essential for placental morphogenesis in the developing embryo [Developmental Biology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-28
    Description: Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), a member of the Forkhead box-containing O family of transcription factors, is a key regulator of numerous genes that govern a wide array of cellular functions, including differentiation, homeostasis, and survival. However, the role of FoxO1 in development remains elusive. Here, we describe an essential and previously undefined role for FoxO1 in placental development. We demonstrate that FoxO1-null embryos up to embryonic day 9.0 (E9.0) are indistinguishable, including their morphology, cardiovascular structure, and vascular gene expression, from wild-type (WT) littermates. However, FoxO1-nulls manifested a profoundly swollen/hydropic allantois, which failed to fuse with the chorion, a phenotype that leads to subsequent cardiovascular malformation, progressive apoptotic cell death, and embryonic lethality at E10.5. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of genes involved in placental development revealed significant attenuation of VCAM1 expression in FoxO1-null embryos. Using immunohistochemical, transcriptional, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we further discovered that FoxO1 is an essential upstream regulator of the VCAM1 gene. Collectively, our findings provide critical molecular insight into a unique FoxO1–VCAM1 axis that governs placental morphogenesis, a process that is essential for subsequent normal cardiovascular development and fetal life.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    The Inhibition of the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability by Rotation (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2015-07-02
    Description: It is well-established that the Coriolis force that acts on fluid in a rotating system can act to stabilise otherwise unstable flows. Chandrasekhar considered theoretically the effect of the Coriolis force on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which occurs at the interface between a dense fluid lying on top of a lighter fluid under gravity, concluding that rotation alone could not stabilise this system indefinitely. Recent numerical work suggests that rotation may, nevertheless, slow the growth of the instability. Experimental verification of these results using standard techniques is problematic, owing to the practical difficulty in establishing the initial conditions. Here, we present a new experimental technique for studying the Rayleigh-Taylor instability under rotation that side-steps the problems encountered with standard techniques by using a strong magnetic field to destabilize an otherwise stable system. We find that rotation about an axis normal to the interface acts to retard the growth rate of the instability and stabilise long wavelength modes; the scale of the observed structures decreases with increasing rotation rate, asymptoting to a minimum wavelength controlled by viscosity. We present a critical rotation rate, dependent on Atwood number and the aspect ratio of the system, for stabilising the most unstable mode. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep11706
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    BBSome in T. brucei endocytosis and virulence [Cell Biology] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-21
    Description: Cilia (eukaryotic flagella) are present in diverse eukaryotic lineages and have essential motility and sensory functions. The cilium’s capacity to sense and transduce extracellular signals depends on dynamic trafficking of ciliary membrane proteins. This trafficking is often mediated by the Bardet–Biedl Syndrome complex (BBSome), a protein complex for which the...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Propulsion of a Two-Sphere Swimmer (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-09
    Description: Author(s): Daphne Klotsa, Kyle A. Baldwin, Richard J. A. Hill, R. M. Bowley, and Michael R. Swift We describe experiments and simulations demonstrating the propulsion of a neutrally buoyant swimmer that consists of a pair of spheres attached by a spring, immersed in a vibrating fluid. The vibration of the fluid induces relative motion of the spheres which, for sufficiently large amplitudes, can … [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 248102] Published Mon Dec 07, 2015
    Keywords: Polymer, Soft Matter, Biological, and Interdisciplinary Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    A cluster of coregulated genes determines TGF-{beta}-induced regulatory T-cell (Treg) dysfunction in NOD mice [Immunology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-25
    Description: Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) originate in the thymus, but the Treg phenotype can also be induced in peripheral lymphoid organs or in vitro by stimulation of conventional CD4+ T cells with IL-2 and TGF-β. There have been divergent reports on the suppressive capacity of these TGF-Treg cells. We find that TGF-Tregs derived from diabetes-prone NOD mice, although expressing normal Foxp3 levels, are uniquely defective in suppressive activity, whereas TGF-Tregs from control strains (B6g7) or ex vivo Tregs from NOD mice all function normally. Most Treg-typical transcripts were shared by NOD or B6g7 TGF-Tregs, except for a small group of differentially expressed genes, including genes relevant for suppressive activity (Lrrc32, Ctla4, and Cd73). Many of these transcripts form a coregulated cluster in a broader analysis of T-cell differentiation. The defect does not map to idd3 or idd5 regions. Whereas Treg cells from NOD mice are normal in spleen and lymph nodes, the NOD defect is observed in locations that have been tied to pathogenesis of diabetes (small intestine lamina propria and pancreatic lymph node). Thus, a genetic defect uniquely affects a specific Treg subpopulation in NOD mice, in a manner consistent with a role in determining diabetes susceptibility.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Addendum to “Vibrations of a diamagnetically levitated water droplet” (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2012-01-11
    Description: Author(s): R. J. A. Hill and L. Eaves [Phys. Rev. E 85, 017301] Published Tue Jan 10, 2012
    Keywords: Fluid dynamics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Artificial tektites: an experimental technique for capturing the shapes of spinning drops (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-08
    Description: Determining the shapes of a rotating liquid droplet bound by surface tension is an archetypal problem in the study of the equilibrium shapes of a spinning and charged droplet, a problem that unites models of the stability of the atomic nucleus with the shapes of astronomical-scale, gravitationally-bound masses. The shapes of highly deformed droplets and their stability must be calculated numerically. Although the accuracy of such models has increased with the use of progressively more sophisticated computational techniques and increases in computing power, direct experimental verification is still lacking. Here we present an experimental technique for making wax models of these shapes using diamagnetic levitation. The wax models resemble splash-form tektites, glassy stones formed from molten rock ejected from asteroid impacts. Many tektites have elongated or ‘dumb-bell’ shapes due to their rotation mid-flight before solidification, just as we observe here. Measurements of the dimensions of our wax ‘artificial tektites’ show good agreement with equilibrium shapes calculated by our numerical model, and with previous models. These wax models provide the first direct experimental validation for numerical models of the equilibrium shapes of spinning droplets, of importance to fundamental physics and also to studies of tektite formation. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep07660
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 8
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    Petrography and geochemistry of lunar meteorites Dhofar 1673, 1983, and 1984 (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract The Dhofar 1673, Dhofar 1983, and Dhofar 1984 meteorites are three lunar regolith breccias classified based on their petrography, mineralogy, oxygen isotopes, and bulk chemistry. All three meteorites are dominated by feldspathic lithic clasts; however, impact melt rock clasts and spherules are also found in each meteorite. The bulk chemistry of these samples is similar to other feldspathic highland meteorites with the Al2O3 content only slightly lower than average. Within the lithic clasts, the Mg # of mafic phases versus the anorthite content of feldspars is similar to other highland meteorites and is found to plot intermediate of the ferroan‐anorthositic suite and magnesian suite. The samples lack any KREEPy signature and have only minor indications of a mare basalt component, suggesting that the source region of all three meteorites would have been distal from the Procellarum KREEP Terrane and could have possibly been the Feldspathic Highland Terrane. All three meteorites were found within 500 m of each other in the Dhofar region of Oman. This, together with their similar petrography, stable isotope chemistry, and geochemistry indicates the possibility of a pairing.
    Print ISSN: 1086-9379
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5100
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 9
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    Magnetic Levitation Stabilized by Streaming Fluid Flows (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-09
    Description: Author(s): K. A. Baldwin, J.-B. de Fouchier, P. S. Atkinson, R. J. A. Hill, M. R. Swift, and D. J. Fairhurst Researchers have identified a regime under which a magnetic stir bar can be made to levitate while it spins in a fluid. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 064502] Published Wed Aug 08, 2018
    Keywords: Nonlinear Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Classical Optics, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 10
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    Transient regenerative potential of the neonatal mouse heart (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: Certain fish and amphibians retain a robust capacity for cardiac regeneration throughout life, but the same is not true of the adult mammalian heart. Whether the capacity for cardiac regeneration is absent in mammals or whether it exists and is switched off early after birth has been unclear. We found that the hearts of 1-day-old neonatal mice can regenerate after partial surgical resection, but this capacity is lost by 7 days of age. This regenerative response in 1-day-old mice was characterized by cardiomyocyte proliferation with minimal hypertrophy or fibrosis, thereby distinguishing it from repair processes. Genetic fate mapping indicated that the majority of cardiomyocytes within the regenerated tissue originated from preexisting cardiomyocytes. Echocardiography performed 2 months after surgery revealed that the regenerated ventricular apex had normal systolic function. Thus, for a brief period after birth, the mammalian heart appears to have the capacity to regenerate.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3099478/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3099478/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Porrello, Enzo R -- Mahmoud, Ahmed I -- Simpson, Emma -- Hill, Joseph A -- Richardson, James A -- Olson, Eric N -- Sadek, Hesham A -- HL100401-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077439-06/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077439-06W1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077439-07/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077439-08/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL093039/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL093039-01A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL093039-01A1W1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL093039-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL093039-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL115275/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37 HL053351/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37 HL053351-12/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37 HL053351-13/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37 HL053351-14/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37 HL053351-15/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1078-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1200708.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cardiomegaly ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Echocardiography ; Fibrosis ; Heart/*physiology ; Heart Ventricles/surgery ; Mice ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*physiology ; *Regeneration ; Sarcomeres/ultrastructure ; Stroke Volume
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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