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The influence of prey size and abundance, and individual phenotype on prey choice by the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatm L. (1991)

Hart, P. J. B. ; Ison, S.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of fish biology 38 (1991), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Prey selection behaviour of three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., was studied in two experiments. Where possible, the experimental apparatus satisfied the assumptions of the simplest optimal diet model (the basic prey model); prey were presented sequentially, the fish could not search for and handle prey at the same time, and net energy gain, handling time and encounter rate were fixed. Experiment 1 presented fish with a range of Asellus sizes so that pursuit (p) and handling (h) time could be related to prey size. Published energy values of Asellus together with pursuit and handling times were used to calculate E/(p+h) for Asellus measuring 3,4,5,6,7 and 9 mm. Pursuit times did not differ with prey size but handling times did. E/(p+h) was very variable particularly at the larger prey sizes. Experiment 2 presented fish with two sequences of prey differing in the encounter rate with the most profitable prey sizes. Fish did not select the diet predicted by the basic prey model tending to always ignore the largest prey even when net energy gain would have been maximized by including them in the diet. Further analysis showed that the probability of a prey size being taken was a function of prey size, fish stomach fullness and encounter rate. It is concluded that the basic prey model is too simple to capture the behaviour of the fish. One of its main faults is that the changing state of the fish through the feeding bout is ignored.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03126.x

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Benthic invertebrates of Rutland Water (1982)

Bullock, J. A. ; Clark, F. ; Ison, S.

Springer

Hydrobiologia 88 (1982), S. 147-156

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ISSN: 1573-5117

Keywords: reservoir ; benthos ; invertebrates ; colonisation ; abundance

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The colonisation of Rutland Water by benthic invertebrates has been monitored from 1976 when the reservoir was first filled. A modified Ekman grab was used to sample populations quantitatively while false substrates and dredge samples were used to obtain supplementary data. Hand net and hand-sorting were used to study the littoral zone. The dominant taxa in the reservoir are Asellus aquaticus, A. meridianus, Gammarus pulex, Crangonyx pseudogracilis, Helobdella stagnalis, Erpobdella octoculata, Polycelis tenuis, larval Chironomidae and Oligochaeta. Other species which appeared abundantly, such as Limnaea pereger and Planorbis albus, have now disappeared and it is suggested that the generally low levels of gastropods might account for the poor performance of species such as Dugesia lugubris and Glossiphonia complanata. Other aspects of abundance are discussed, as are the effects of maturation of the system.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00008306

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