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  • 1
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    Asteroid approach covariance analysis for the Clementine mission (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The Clementine mission is designed to test Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) technology, the Brilliant Pebbles and Brilliant Eyes sensors, by mapping the moon surface and flying by the asteroid Geographos. The capability of two of the instruments available on board the spacecraft, the lidar (laser radar) and the UV/Visible camera is used in the covariance analysis to obtain the spacecraft delivery uncertainties at the asteroid. These uncertainties are due primarily to asteroid ephemeris uncertainties. On board optical navigation reduces the uncertainty in the knowledge of the spacecraft position in the direction perpendicular to the incoming asymptote to a one-sigma value of under 1 km, at the closest approach distance of 100 km. The uncertainty in the knowledge of the encounter time is about 0.1 seconds for a flyby velocity of 10.85 km/s. The magnitude of these uncertainties is due largely to Center Finding Errors (CFE). These systematic errors represent the accuracy expected in locating the center of the asteroid in the optical navigation images, in the absence of a topographic model for the asteroid. The direction of the incoming asymptote cannot be estimated accurately until minutes before the asteroid flyby, and correcting for it would require autonomous navigation. Orbit determination errors dominate over maneuver execution errors, and the final delivery accuracy attained is basically the orbit determination uncertainty before the final maneuver.
    Keywords: ASTRODYNAMICS
    Type: In: Spaceflight mechanics, 1993; AAS(AIAA Spaceflight Mechanics Meeting, 3rd, Pasadena, CA, Feb. 22-24, 1993, Parts 1 & 2 . A95-81344 (ISSN 0065-3438); p. 1039-1050
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  • 2
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    Design options and analysis of variable gravity systems in space (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Design options for tethered systems which can produce a variable gravity living environment in space are discussed. Parameters of rotating systems are reviewed, and early studies of rotating systems are recalled. Artificial gravity configurations are shown and their individual advantages and disadvantages are examined.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 89-0100
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  • 3
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    Cassini Orbit Determination Performance (July 2008 - December 2011) (2012)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper reports on the orbit determination performance for the Cassini spacecraft from July 2008 to December 2011. During this period, Cassini made 85 revolutions around Saturn and had 52 close satellite encounters. 35 of those were with the massive Titan, 13 with the small, yet interesting, Enceladus as well as 2 with Rhea and 2 with Dione. The period also includes 4 double encounters, where engineers had to plan the trajectory for two close satellite encounters within days of each other at once. Navigation performance is characterized by ephemeris errors relative to in-flight predictions. Most Titan encounters 3-dimensional results are within a 1.5 formal sigma, with a few exceptions, mostly attributable to larger maneuver execution errors. Results for almost all other satellite encounter reconstructions are less than 3 sigma from their predictions. The errors are attributable to satellite ephemerides errors and in some cases to maneuver execution errors.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: SpaceOps 2012; Jun 11, 2012 - Jun 15, 2012; Stockholm; Sweden
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  • 4
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    Initial Navigation Analysis for the Europa Multiple Flyby Mission Concept (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Earth and spacecraft-based observations of the Jovian moon Europa have identified it as the most plausible habitat for extraterrestrial life in our solar system. Recently, NASA has formed a Europa Mission Concept to potentially explore this icy world with a sophisticated instrument suite operating from a spacecraft in orbit about Jupiter. Candidate trajectories have been designed that would use the Jovian moons to repeatedly bring the spacecraft near Europa, providing multiple observation opportunities over the mission duration. This paper describes navigation analyses associated with these trajectories that are being assessed for their operational feasibility. The analysis includes determination of the V requirements for the mission concept and notional spacecraft ephemeris knowledge capability.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: AAS 16-502 , JPL-CL-16-0488 , AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting; Feb 14, 2016 - Feb 18, 2016; Napa, CA; United States
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  • 5
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    Cassini Navigation: The Road to Consistent Subkilometer Accuracy Satellite Encounters (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper reviews the orbit determination performance for the last five years of the Cassini Mission Solstice Tour. During this period of time, Cassini had more than 30 satellite encounters, including Titan, Rhea, and Dione. We report on the navigational flyby accuracy, comparing post-flyby reconstructions and encounter predictions, and discuss the performance improvement and challenges over the years. Finally, we give an overview of the "Grand Finale" end of mission planned for 2017.The Cassini mission has been in orbit in the Saturnian system for more than 11 years, and hasreturned a wealth of discoveries and operational knowledge in the outer Solar System. In this paper, we reported on the last three years of navigation operations focusing on orbit determinationand encounter performance. Modeling and strategy changes over the past years now allow us tonavigate bodies at 100s of meters in accuracy, and consider a miss larger than 1 km an outlier.The Cassini Grand Finale will be spectacular - do not miss it!
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: AAS 16-142 , JPL-CL-16-0432 , AAS Annual Guidance and Control Conference; Feb 05, 2016 - Feb 10, 2016; Breckinridge, CO; United States
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  • 6
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    Navigational Challenges for a Europa Flyby Mission (2014)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Jupiter's moon Europa is a prime candidate in the search for present-day habitable environments outside of the Earth. A number of missions have provided increasingly detailed images of the complex surface of Europa, including the Galileo mission, which also carried instruments that allowed for a limited investigation of the environment of Europa. A new mission to Europa is needed to pursue these exciting discoveries using close-up observations with modern instrumentation designed to address the habitability of Europa. In all likelihood the most cost effective way of doing this would be with a spacecraft carrying a comprehensive suite of instruments and performing multiple flybys of Europa. A number of notional trajectory designs have been investigated, utilizing gravity assists from other Galilean moons to decrease the period of the orbit and shape it in order to provide a globally distributed coverage of different regions of Europa. Navigation analyses are being performed on these candidate trajectories to assess the total Delta V that would be needed to complete the mission, to study how accurately the flybys could be executed, and to determine which assumptions most significantly affect the performance of the navigation system.
    Keywords: Astrodynamics; Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: International Symposium on Space Flight Dynamics; May 05, 2014 - May 09, 2014; Laurel, MD; United States
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  • 7
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    Orbit determination results and trajectory reconstruction for the Cassini/Huygens Mission (2005)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: During Cassini's third orbit around Saturn, the Huygens Probe was successfully released on a trajectory that resulted in the probe entering Titan's atmosphere on January 14, 2005, making it both the most distant spacecraft landing and the first spacecraft to successfully land on the moon of another planet. This paper documents the reconstruction of both the orbiter and probe trajectoriespanning the Titan-B and Titan-C encounters.
    Keywords: Astrodynamics
    Type: Third International Planetary Probe Workshop, Anavyssos; Jun 27, 2005 - Jul 01, 2005; Attica; Greece
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  • 8
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    Preparing for the Huygens Probe Mission, Cassini orbit determination results for the first and second targeted Titan encounters (2005)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Dynamic modeling of the spacecraft and Saturn system, tracking data, including radio-metric and optical navigation data, and measurement modeling associated with the final trajectory analysis are described. Navigation predictions produced during the operational phase are compared with the final trajectory in order to gain insight into navigation performance and maneuver execution errors. Special attention is given to refinement of the dynamical environment of Saturn, particularly Titan, during the first two orbits.
    Type: 6th International ESA Conference on Guidance, Navigation and Control Systems; Oct 17, 2005 - Oct 21, 2005; Loutraki; Greece
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  • 9
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    Cassini tour navigation strategy (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper describes the strategy for achieving project requirements, the characteristics of the Cassini navigation challenge, and the underlying assumptions.
    Keywords: Astrodynamics
    Type: AAS 03-546 , Astrodynamics Specialist Conference; Aug 03, 2003 - Aug 07, 2003; Big Sky, MT; United States
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  • 10
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    Cassini orbit resconstruction from Jupiter to Saturn (2005)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: After nearly seven years of interplanetary cruise and four planetary gravity assists, the Cassini spacecraft was successfully captured into orbit around Saturn on 1 July 2004.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: AAS 05-311 , Astrodynamics Specialist Conference; Aug 07, 2005 - Aug 11, 2005; Lake Tahoe, CA; United States
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