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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auxin regulation of cell cycle and its role during lateral root initiation (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 123 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The plant hormone auxin plays a crucial role in the upstream regulation of many processes, making the study of its action particularly interesting to understand plant development. In this review we will focus on the effects auxin exerts on cell cycle progression, more specifically, during the initiation of lateral roots. Auxin fulfils a dominant role in the initiation of a new lateral root primordium. How this occurs remains largely unknown. Here we try to integrate the classical auxin signalling mechanisms into recent findings on cell cycle regulation. How both signalling cascades are integrated appears to be complex and is far from understood. As a means to solve this problem we suggest the use of a lateral root-inducible system that allows investigation of the early signalling cascades initiated by auxin and leading to cell cycle activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2005.00466.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors regulating the expression of cell cycle genes in individual buds ofPopulus (1997)
    Springer
    Planta 201 (1997), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Bud dormancy ; Cell cycle ; Populus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The early and differential responses of the individual buds along a shoot have remained largely unknown due to the difficulties of analyzing early indicators that allow the monitoring of the effects of subtle changes in the environment on the growth activity of the individual bud. To overcome this problem, we transformed poplar [Populus tremula (L.) xP. alba (L.)] with two chimeric genes,Pcdc2a-gus andPcycl At-gus, the expression of which is closely linked to cell division inArabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. We analyzed the expression levels of both chimeric genes in individual buds of the same tree, and under different conditions known to promote or retard growth in the buds. The expression levels of both chimeric genes were found to reflect closely the growth activity of the buds. After decapitation of the shoot, the expression ofPcdc2a-gus andPcycl At-gus revealed rapid and selective changes in the cell cycle, even when no morphological changes were observed. Furthermore, on the basis of the expression of the chimeric cell cycle genes, different degrees of growth activity and dormancy could be discriminated in the axillary buds. In addition, the expression ofPcycl At-gus was found to be closely associated with the day length, which is critical for dormancy induction in poplar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258679
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Rhodococcus fascians-plant interaction: morphological traits and biotechnological applications (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 210 (2000), S. 241-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Cell cycle –Digitalis– Leafy gall –Nicotiana– Micropropagation – Regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Rhodococcus fascians is a Gram-positive bacterium that infects dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants, leading to an alteration in the normal growth process of the host. The disease results from the modulation of the plant hormone balances, and cytokinins are thought to play an important role in the induction of symptoms. Generally, on the aerial parts of the plants, existing meristems were found to be most sensitive to the action of R. fascians, but, depending on the infection procedure, differentiated tissues as well gave rise to shoots. Similarly, in roots not only actively dividing cells, but also cells with a high competence to divide were strongly affected by R. fascians. The observed symptoms, together with the determined hormone levels in infected plant tissue, suggest that auxins and molecules of bacterial origin are also involved in leafy gall formation. The complexity of symptom development is furthermore illustrated by the necessary and continuous presence of the bacteria for symptom persistence. Indeed, elimination of the bacteria from a leafy gall results in the further development of the multiple embryonic buds of which it consists. This interesting characteristic offers novel biotechnological applications: a leafy gall can be used for germplasm storage and for plant propagation. The presented procedure proves to be routinely applicable to a very wide range of plants, encompassing several recalcitrant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008131
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of cell cycle regulatory genes and morphological alterations in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 211 (2000), S. 632-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Arabidopsis (cell cycle) – Cyclin-dependent kinases –β-Glucuronidase – Mitotic cyclins – Salt stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract.  Hyperosmotic stress severely affects plant growth and development. To examine the effect of salt stress on cell cycle activity in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., the transcriptional regulation of a cyclin-dependent kinase, CDC2aAt, and two mitotic cyclins, Arath;CycB1;1 and Arath;CycA2;1, was studied by using the β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene. Moreover, the mRNA abundance of these cell cycle genes as well as CDC2bAt were monitored during salt stress. Upon NaCl treatment, the promoter activities and transcript levels of all cell cycle genes diminished initially in the shoot apex and were subsequently induced during salt-stress adaptation. Additionally, the promoter activities of CDC2aAt and CycA2;1 decreased in the vascular cylinder of the root in correlation with reduced lateral root formation. In the root tips, a regression of CDC2aAt, CycA2;1, and CycB1;1:gus expression was observed, concomitant with a shrinkage of the root meristem and inhibition of root growth. Our data indicate that salt stress interferes with cell cycle regulation at the transcriptional level, resulting in an adaptive growth response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250000334
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new D-type cyclin of Arabidopsis thaliana expressed during lateral root primordia formation (1999)
    Springer
    Planta 208 (1999), S. 453-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:Arabidopsis (cyclin) ; Cell cycle ; D-type cyclin ; Lateral root primordia formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. D-type cyclins are believed to regulate the onset of cell division upon mitogenic signaling. Here, the isolation is reported of a new D-type cyclin gene (CYCD4;1) of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. during a two-hybrid screen using the cyclin-dependent kinase CDC2aAt as bait. Transcription of CYCD4;1 can be induced by sucrose. The co-regulated expression of CYCD4;1 and CDC2aAt in starved suspension cultures upon mitogenic stimulation indicates that the formation of a complex between these two partners is important for the resumption of cell division activity. By in-situ hybridizations CYCD4;1 was shown to be expressed during vascular tissue development, embryogenesis, and formation of lateral root primordia. Expression during the latter process suggests that the induced expression of D-type cyclins by mitogenic stimuli might be one of the rate-limiting events for the initiation of lateral roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050582
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana CycA2;1 gene (2000)
    Springer
    Planta 211 (2000), S. 623-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Arabidopsis (cell cycle) – Cell cycle – Cyclin – Embryogenesis – Gene expression (cyclin) – Phytohormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract.  The associations of cyclins with highly conserved cyclin-dependent kinases are key events in the regulation of cell cycle progression. The spatio-temporal expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. mitotic cyclin, Arath;CycA2;1, was studied by histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) analysis and in-situ hybridizations. The CycA2;1 promoter was active in the egg apparatus before fertilization. During embryogenesis, CycA2;1:gus expression was found in the embryo and the developing endosperm. Throughout plant development, CycA2;1 transcripts were found in both dividing and non-dividing cells, indicating that the expression of this cyclin is not a limiting factor for cell division. In the pericycle and stelar parenchyma, CycA2;1 transcripts were located at the xylem poles, a position that can be correlated with competence for lateral root formation. In addition, CycA2;1:gus expression was upregulated in roots by auxins and in the shoot apex by cytokinins. Transcription of CycA2;1 was shown by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction to be strongly induced by sucrose in A. thaliana cell suspensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250000333
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensin gene expression is induced by mechanical stimuli leading to local cell wall strengthening in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (1994)
    Springer
    Planta 195 (1994), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Developmental regulation ; Extensin (gene expression) ; Gene expression (extensin) ; Nicotiana (extensin) ; Protein localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. harbors a single extensin gene, although related hydroxyproline-rich sequences are present in the genome. Northern analysis showed that the gene is highly expressed in roots and to a lesser extent in stems. Expression in leaves is low but mRNA levels are increased upon infection with the incompatible bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. Extensin transcript levels in leaves were slightly enhanced after wounding and salicylic acid treatment. In-situ hybridization experiments showed high accumulation of extensin mRNA in cells which, at certain stages of development, require reinforcement of their cell walls. The cortical cells in stem nodes and roots, which are put under severe mechanical stress by adjacent developing tissues, tend to express the gene to high levels. Immunolocalization of the extensin protein in stems and roots demonstrated a close association of the protein with lignin deposition. Mature tissues contained more extensin than younger tissues. The extensin promoter was fused to the β-glucuronidase gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199676
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of CKS1At in Arabidopsis thaliana indicates a role for the protein in both the mitotic and the endoreduplication cycle (1999)
    Springer
    Planta 207 (1999), S. 496-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:Arabidopsis (cell cycle) ; CKS1At expression ; Endoreduplication ; Meristem ; Mitotic cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Although endoreduplication is common in plants, little is known about the mechanisms regulating this process. Here, we report the patterns of endoreduplication at the cellular level in the shoot apex of Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh. plants grown under short-day conditions. We show that polyploidy is developmentally established in the pith, maturing leaves, and stipules. To investigate the role of the cell cycle genes CDC2aAt, CDC2bAt, CYCB1;1, and CKS1At in the process of endoreduplication, in-situ hybridizations were performed on the vegetative shoot apices. Expression of CDC2aAt, CDC2bAt, and CYCB1;1 was restricted to mitotically dividing cells. In contrast, CKS1At expression was present in both mitotic and endoreduplicating tissues. Our data indicate that CDC2aAt, CDC2bAt, and CYCB1;1 only operate during mitotic divisions, whereas CKS1At may play a role in both the mitotic and endoreduplication cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050509
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation of Artemisia annua L. and regenration of transgenic plants (1996)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 15 (1996), S. 929-933 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Abbreviations: 2,4‐D = 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; BA = N6‐benzyladenine; GM = germination medium; GMVIT = germination medium with vitamins; GUS =β‐glucuronidase; Kin = kinetin (N6‐furfurylaminopurine); NAA =α‐naphtaleneacetic acid; NPT II = neomycin phosphotransferase II; PCR = Polymerase Chain reaction; T‐DNA = transfer‐DNA; X‐glucuronide = 5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐3‐indolyl β‐D‐glucuronide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary. A transfornmation system was developed for Artemisia annua L. plants. Leaf explants from in vitro grown plants developed callus and shoots on medium with 0.05 mg/L naphtaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg/L N6‐benzyladenine after transformation with the C58Cl RifR (pGV2260) (pTJK136) Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain. A concentration of 20 mg/L kanamycin was added in order to select transformed tissue. Kanamycin resistant shoots were rooted on naphtaleneacetic acid 0.1 mg/L. Polymerase chain reactions and DNA sequencing of the amplification products revealed that 75% of the regenerants contained the foreign genes. 94% of the transgenic plants showed a β‐glucoronidase‐positive response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050151
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Artemisia annua L. and regeneration of transgenic plants (1996)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 15 (1996), S. 929-933 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A transformation system was developed for Artemisia annua L. plants. Leaf explants from in vitro grown plants developed callus and shoots on medium with 0.05 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.5 mg/L N6-benzyladenine after transformation with the C58C1 RifR (pGV2260) (pTJK136) Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain. A concentration of 20 mg/L kanamycin was added in order to select transformed tissue. Kanamycin resistant shoots were rooted on naphthaleneacetic acid 0.1 mg/L. Polymerase chain reactions and DNA sequencing of the amplification products revealed that 75% of the regenerants contained the foreign genes. 94% of the transgenic plants showed a β-glucuronidase-positive response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231590
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