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  • 1
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    Ion neutral mass spectrometer results from the first flyby of Titan (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-14
    Description: The Cassini Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) has obtained the first in situ composition measurements of the neutral densities of molecular nitrogen, methane, molecular hydrogen, argon, and a host of stable carbon-nitrile compounds in Titan's upper atmosphere. INMS in situ mass spectrometry has also provided evidence for atmospheric waves in the upper atmosphere and the first direct measurements of isotopes of nitrogen, carbon, and argon, which reveal interesting clues about the evolution of the atmosphere. The bulk composition and thermal structure of the moon's upper atmosphere do not appear to have changed considerably since the Voyager 1 flyby.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waite, J Hunter Jr -- Niemann, Hasso -- Yelle, Roger V -- Kasprzak, Wayne T -- Cravens, Thomas E -- Luhmann, Janet G -- McNutt, Ralph L -- Ip, Wing-Huen -- Gell, David -- De La Haye, Virginie -- Muller-Wordag, Ingo -- Magee, Brian -- Borggren, Nathan -- Ledvina, Steve -- Fletcher, Greg -- Walter, Erin -- Miller, Ryan -- Scherer, Stefan -- Thorpe, Rob -- Xu, Jing -- Block, Bruce -- Arnett, Ken -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):982-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Argon ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Isotopes ; *Elements ; Evolution, Planetary ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Hydrocarbons ; Hydrogen ; Isotopes ; Mass Spectrometry ; Methane ; Nitriles ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen Isotopes ; *Saturn ; Spacecraft ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer Measurements from Titan (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Introduction: The Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) aboard the Cassini orbiter has obtained the first in situ composition measurements of the neutral densities of molecular nitrogen, methane, argon, and a host of stable carbon-nitrile compounds in its first flyby of Titan. The bulk composition and thermal structure of the moon s upper atmosphere do not appear to be changed since the Voyager flyby in 1979. However, the more sensitive techniques provided by modern in-situ mass spectrometry also give evidence for large-spatial-scale large-amplitude atmospheric waves in the upper atmosphere and for a plethora of stable carbon-nitrile compounds above 1174 km. Furthermore, they allow the first direct measurements of isotopes of nitrogen, carbon, and argon, which provide interesting clues about the evolution of the atmosphere. The atmosphere was first accreted as ammonia and ammonia ices from the Saturn sub-nebula. Subsequent photochemistry likely converted the atmosphere into molecular nitrogen. The early atmosphere was 1.5 to 5 times more substantial and was lost via escape over the intervening 4.5 billion years due to the reduced gravity associated with the relatively small mass of Titan. Carbon in the form of methane has continued to outgas over time from the interior with much of it being deposited in the form of complex hydrocarbons on the surface and some of it also being lost to space.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 21; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-21
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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