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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gear pump assisted extrusion (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 488-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Gear pump assisted extrusion is becoming popular in the plastics processing industries. The growth has been tremendous since 1980. In this study, the benefits of gear pump assisted extrusion, especially in single screw applications, is critically reviewed, and a method of predicting the operational conditions of the gear pump assisted extrusion system is discussed. Further, shortening the length to diameter ratio of the extruder in gear pump assisted extrusion was analyzed and found to produce a reduction in energy consumption, provided melting is completed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760320706
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bulk density of solid polymer resins as a function of temperature and pressure (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 571-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In a plasticating extruder, solid polymers are heated and are subjected to high pressures before they are melted and delivered to a die. In both the solids conveying and melting sections, these temperature and pressure increases will compact the unmelted polymer bed as it moves down the screw channel. Performance of the extruder depends in part on how well the screw design matches the compaction behavior of the resin for a given set of process conditions. The design of these screw sections, however, is often done based on past experience and with little knowledge of the resin compaction behavior. A much improved design would include screw performance prediction using variable bulk density and computer simulations. Computer simulations, however, are often performed using constant solid bulk density because of the lack of reliable density data as a function of both pressure and temperature. An instrument was developed for studying the compaction behavior of pellet and powder resins. Bulk densities and storage friction coefficients are reported for several important thermoplastic resins as a function of temperature and pressure. The bulk density data were fitted to a semi-empirical model.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301003
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coefficients of dynamic friction for low density polyethylene (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 423-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The coefficient of dynamic friction is often the controlling factor for solids conveying, pressure generation, and thermal decomposition of a resin in the feed section of a single-screw plasticating extruder. The coefficients of friction are, however, very poorly understood, and the interpretation of the measurements are complicated by the dissipation of frictional energy at the sliding interface. A new instrument was recently built to help understand dynamic friction, and a numerical technique was developed to estimate the interface temperature. The coefficients of dynamic friction for a low-density polyethylene resin are presented in this paper as a function of the surface temperature, pressure, and velocity.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760330708
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coefficients of dynamic friction as a function of temperature, pressure, and velocity for several polyethylene resins (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 557-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The coefficient of dynamic friction is often the controlling factor for solids conveying, pressure generation, and thermal decomposition of a resin in the feed section of a single-screw plasticating extruder. The coefficients of friction are, however, very poorly understood, and the interpretation of the measurements are complicated by the dissipation of frictional energy at the sliding interface. A new instrument was recently built to help understand dynamic friction, and a numerical technique was developed to estimate the interface temperture. Coefficients of dynamic friction for several polyethylene resins are presented in this paper as a function of the surface temperature, pressure, and velocity. The relationship of the data with respect to the extrusion process is discussed.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350702
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coefficients of dynamic friction and the mechanical melting mechanism for vinylidene chloride copolymers (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 1907-1916 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Previous research and this research indicate that the mechanical melting for poly(vinylidene chloride) copolymers (PVDC) is complex. Mechanical melting is defined as the melting (or devitrification) of a polymer when a significant portion of the thermal energy originates from a mechanical energy dissipative process. PVDC mechanically melted on a moving metal surface at temperatures of the test instrument that were considerably lower than the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) onset melting temperature. PVDC formulated with low levels of high density polyethylene (HDPE), however, melted at metal temperatures near the DSC onset melting temperature. Two different mechanical melting mechanisms are proposed to explan the data, and the frictional data are discussed with respect to solids conveying in a single-screw, plasticating extruder.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760352311
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Friction and its effect on the mechanical- to-thermal energy conversion during extrusion of poly(vinylidene chloride) (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1261-1269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Solid state friction reduction has been found to be an effective method for extrusion stabilization of a high coefficient of friction (COF) thermally sensitive polymer. A poly(vinylidenechloride) copolymer (PVDC) was studied alone and blended with various polyolefins to change its frictional behavior. COF of the polymer rubbing on a metal surface was measured under conditions typical of an extrusion process. These results correlated well with the measured mechanical energy consumed during extrusion. Of the polyolefins studied, high and low density polyethylene were found to be very effective for lowering friction and improving extrusion performance of the PVDC. Polypropylene was found to be much less effective. Interface temperature where melting occurs due to frictionally generated heat has been experimentally shown to be a function of COF and the bulk metal temperature.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331906
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of process data obtained from a data acquisition system for optimizing and debugging extrusion processes (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advances in Polymer Technology 15 (1996), S. 29-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-6679
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Debugging and optimization of extruder performances are often complicated by the lack of transient process data. Most production extruders have excellent process controllers, but they generally lack data acquisition systems. Because of these equipment limitations, all transient, unsteady-state data for a process are unavailable for analysis. Highlighted in this article are four case studies where transient data were collected and used (1) for the diagnosis and elimination of extrusion instabilities; (2) to show differences between competing resin processability; and (3) in extrusion research. In all cases, a portable data acquisition system was temporarily connected to the extruder control panel and was used to collect transient process data. For extruder instability problems, the data collected were used to help diagnose and eliminate the problems quickly, bringing the extrusion lines up to standard production in the shortest possible time, minimizing costly recycle, and maximizing the profits for the processors. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
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    Investigation of mixing mechanisms and energy balance in reactive extrusion using three-dimensional numerical simulation method (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0017-9310
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2189
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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