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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, AMENITIES AND FISCAL FACTORS ON AGE-SPECIFIC MIGRATION RATES (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 32 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: . Migration models have considered several different categories of determinants, including economic opportunities, amenities, and state and local fiscal factors. Migration has also been shown to depend on the individual's position in the life cycle. This paper represents a first attempt to integrate all three categories of determinants of migration into a life-cycle framework. Empirical findings generated from a countrywide model of white male migration, over the period 1970 to 1980, reveal that all three types of determinants are important. Specifically, economic opportunities are most influential for males during their working years. Amenities are also found to follow a life-cycle pattern with older migrants more attracted to amenable locations than their younger cohorts. Finally, state income and death taxes display life-cycle effects; working males in their peak earning years are detracted by high income taxes while all migrants aged 55 to 69 avoid counties in states with high inheritance and estate taxes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1992.tb00191.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indole-3-acetic acid production by bacteroids from soybean root nodules (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 76 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study examined the question: do bacteroids within the nodule have the ability to produce indole-3–acetic acid (IAA) and does their IAA-producing ability correlate with the amount of IAA contained in the nodule? Soybean [Glycine max, (L.) Merr. cv. Tracy] plants were inoculated with a wild-type clone of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, 1–110 known to form nodules that contain low amounts of IAA or with 5-methyltryptophan-resistant B. japonicum, clones known to form nodules that contain large amounts of IAA. The resulting bacteroids were isolated from the nodules and examined for their ability to synthesize IAA. IAA production by wild-type bacteroids was 90 pmole IAA (mg protein)−1 h−1 and IAA production by mutant bacteroids was 620 to 690 pmole IAA (mg protein)−1 h−1. These data indicate that bacteroids from high IAA-containing nodules have an enhanced ability to produce IAA, implying that bacteroid-produced IAA accumulates in the nodule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb05448.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soybean root and nodule nitrate reductase (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 59 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was followed in root and nodule from Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Cv. Tracy) inoculated with Rhizobium japonicum. Initially, a plus NO3- in vivo assay was used. When chlorate-resistant mutants were used as inoculum, nodule NR activity was reduced by about 90%. indicating that the bacteroid accounts for much of the normal nodule's NR. With plants 3 to 15 weeks of age nodule NR activity (g fresh weight)-1 was highest in young plants and root activity highest in old plants. Root and nodule total NR activity increased with plant age and were often not greatly different. Root NR activity correlated with plant NO3- supply and increased from 0.8 to 11.4 μmol plant-1 h-1 as NO3- was increased from 0 to 3 mM. In contrast, nodule NR activity was high in plants grown without NO3- and did not appear to increase as nitrate supply to the plant was increased. Nodule activity was 6 to 14 μmol NO2- plant-1 h-1. Use of a minus NO3- in vivo assay had little affect on root NR activity, but greatly reduced nodule activity. Root tissue was found to have 5 to 38 times more NO3- than nodule tissue. It is concluded that low nitrate levels within the nodule limit NR activity and that it is improbable that the nodule is a major site of plant nitrate reduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb04232.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of soybean nodule nitrite reductase (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 60 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A nodule cytosol nitrite reductase was isolated from soybean [Glyine max (L.) Mer. cv. Tracy] grown in the presence of nitrate. Enzyme activity increased when increased amounts of nitrate were supplied to the plant. A purification procedure involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, DEAE Sephadex and Blue Sepharose chromatography resulted in an activity capable of forming 6.7 μmol ammonia (mg protein)−1 min−1. This represented a 235-fold increase in specific activity. The molecular weight, estimated by gel filtration, was 55 000. The pH optimum for activity was 7.1. Ammonia formed stoichiometrically as nitrice was consumed. From Lineweaver-Burk plots, Km values of 0.5mM for nitrite and 0.2mM for methyl viologen were calculated. Spectral data suggest the association of a heme chromophore with the enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1984.tb04913.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What Happens When Discovery Laboratories Are Integrated into the Curriculum at a Large Research University? (1998)
    Springer
    The chemical educator 3 (1998), S. 1-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Traditional laboratories are often based on the hidden assumptions that students can, and indeed should, work alone, and that they can leave the laboratory when they have finished collecting the data or observations. Discovery laboratories provide an alternative to traditional laboratories in which one or more routes are taken by groups of students working toward the discovery of a specific scientific relationship or concept. The discovery laboratories used in this study were developed by colleagues from institutions where faculty teach the laboratory component of the course. The goal of this study was to see what happens when discovery laboratories are integrated into the general chemistry curriculum at a large research university where teaching assistants are in charge of the laboratory sections. For the purpose of this study, we differentiated between a minimal level of success, in which discovery laboratories become an alternative approach to traditional experiments, and a significant level of success, in which they become a preferred approach. Evidence is presented to support the notion that discovery laboratories can be successfully integrated into the curriculum at a large research university, that students in the discovery laboratories believe they had to take responsibility for what happened in the laboratory, that both teaching assistants and the students reacted positively to the discovery laboratories, and that we achieved at least our definition of the minimal level of success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00897980214a
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statutory changes in state income taxes: An indirect test of fiscal illusion (1987)
    Springer
    Public choice 53 (1987), S. 41-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00115653
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of labor costs on municipal finances (1982)
    Springer
    Public choice 38 (1982), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Conclusions This study has clearly confirmed a link between the amount of compensation a city pays its workers and the financial stability of that city. The more a municipality pays its workers relative to other local governments, the greater the chance that city will experience fiscal stress. The institutions which lead to this condition remain unknown and much more work is needed if the problems of local government financing are to be resolved. Certainly the relationship between municipal labor unions and city finances must be closely examined. It is quite possible that these unions may have direct and adverse affects on local government finances. Tax structure is also an important factor in determining financial stability. Perhaps conventional tax theory should be augmented or even replaced with new criteria for fiscal stability. This seems to be of great practical importance for local government taxation since their populations are so mobile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00127715
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symbiotic properties of 5-methyltryptophan-resistant mutants of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 173 (1995), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: indole-3-acetic acid ; nitrogen fixation ; plant hormones ; Rhizobium ; tryptophan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect that resistance to 5-methyltryptophan (MT) has on the symbiotic properties of B. japonicum was examined in a survey of fourteen clones. Resistance to MT often involves a mutational alteration in the regulation of tryptophan biosynthesis. Resistant clones (MTR) were isolated from agar plates containing MT. In the selection process care was taken to avoid pigmented clones that are likely to accumulate large amounts of indole compounds or show increased tryptophan catabolism. Wild-type control clones (WTc) were isolated from plates containing no selective agent. In greenhouse studies. Tracy-M soybean plants were inoculated with the two types of clones. After six weeks, plants which were inoculated with the MT resistant clones showed a much greater range of symbiotic effectiveness than did plants that received the control clones. While most MT-resistant clones were poor symbionts or unchanged in their symbiotic performance, one clone was obtained that had significantly improved symbiotic properties. The procedure may offer a way of selecting for clones with improved symbiotic performance. These results also indicate a link between tryptophan biosynthesis and symbiotic effectiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011467
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tax enforcement: A public choice perspective (1995)
    Springer
    Public choice 82 (1995), S. 53-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Federal income tax inforcement varies greatly across individual states. While it is not known if this interstate variation enhances efficiency, anecdotal evidence suggests it does not. In this paper we apply the Weingast/Moran model to the treasury and explore the relationship between the legislature and the IRS. Specifically, we model IRS audit rates by state as a function of both political and efficiency considerations. We find that the interstate differences in enforcement is influenced by efficiency considerations but also the IRS shifts enforcement away from states represented by legislators who sit on committees with oversight responsibility for the IRS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047729
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interest group demand for taxation (1989)
    Springer
    Public choice 62 (1989), S. 41-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Conclusion Researchers have typically ignored the determinants of the tax structure of the public sector. Political scientists have concentrated their analyses on the expenditure side of the public ledgers while economists have avoided the issue by assuming that taxes are exogenously determined. In this paper we have shown that a behavioral model of political interest groups can be employed to gain insights into the political selection of taxes. The theory provides a general complement to the well-documented analysis of special interest demand for public expenditures. Our analysis raises several important policy questions. First, is the influence of interest groups on the determination of tax systems desirable from a public policy perspective? For example, special interest groups dominated by high and middle income individuals may prefer regressive tax systems which reduce their own tax burden. Certainly the impact of interest groups on the well-known regressivity of state and local tax systems is an area worthy of additional investigation. Second, does the influence of interest groups lead to tax systems that unduly hamper economic efficiency and retard economic growth? For example, governments with economies dominated by a single industry may forsake diversity and economic development by selecting a tax system favorable to the major industry. Interest group demand for taxes may be a factor in explaining long run regional cycles such as the rise and fall of heavy manufacturing states such as the upper midwest. This research has established that a link exists between special interest group demand for taxation and the structure of local tax systems. However, the extent to which these groups influence tax systems and the exact nature of this influence requires further research. Additional research may also provide insights into the control (e.g., constitutional or legislative) of interest group influence on taxes should it be determined that such control is necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00168013
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