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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 19 (1986), S. 930-932 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Radiation Physics and Chemistry 9 (1977), S. 633-645 
    ISSN: 0146-5724
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 254 (1976), S. 761-761 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The relationship and influence of varying 60Co γ-ray irradiation doses, in the range 0.77–5.2 MGy, on the morphology of polyethylene have been investigated using high-resolution solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses through variation of different phase components, T 1c, T 2c relaxation parameters, and line width. The cross-linking in the irradiated polyethylene takes place mainly in the non-crystalline regions. However, distortion and damage to the folded chain of the crystal lattice are observed in the crystalline regions. For the interfacial phase, both cross-linking and distortion could occur. As a result, part of the crystalline component transformed into a non-crystalline one. It was also found that the orthorhombic crystalline lattice transformed into a monoclinic one within the crystalline phase in polyethylene under higher doses of irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 15 (1981), S. 697-718 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Blood compatibility has been studied for hydrophilic polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), its derivative, and polyethylene grafted with water-soluble monomers. The surfaces in contact with electrolyte solutions have been characterized by measuring the zeta potentials. The study of plasma protein adsorption on these polymers has revealed that bovine serum albumin as well as bovine serum fibrinogen adsorbs to a lesser extent as the hydrophilicity of the polymers increases. Platelet deposition and fibrin formation, examined using platelet-rich plasma, have been found to take place less significantly on PVA as well as sodium acrylate- and acrylamide-grafted polyethylene than on nongrafted and acrylic acid-grafted polyethylene. Ex vivo experiments with canine whole blood have shown that formation of thrombus on PVA is less than on siliconized glass but increases upon heat treatment which reduces the hydrophilicity. When PVA tubes of about 1 mm diameter are anastomosed to the carotid artery of rat, the patency rate is found to depend strongly on the anastomotic technique. From the results on the zeta potential and the experiments in vitro and ex vivo it can be concluded that the material having a surface from which solvated, neutral chains are extended into the outer aqueous phase may exhibit excellent resistance to thrombus formation.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 15 (1977), S. 821-836 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The broad-line proton NMR spectra of melt-crystallized samples of polyethylene covering a very wide range in molecular weight have been analyzed in terms of contributions from three components: (1) a crystalline region with crystals of orthorhombic form; (2) a noncrystalline region with liquid-like character which produces a Lorentzian contribution to the spectrum; and (3) an intermediate region in which the rotation of methylene groups about C - C bonds is partly hindered. The relative mass fractions as well as the character of these components depend greatly on the molecular weight. Samples of low molecular weight (e.g., ≤30,000) are predominantly composed of lamellar crystalline regions with a minor amount of interfacial regions and no liquid-like interzonal regions. As the molecular weight increases beyond 45,000, an interzonal region with a liquid-like character associated with a higher molecular mobility is produced. Above a molecular weight of 100,000, this liquid-like character becomes pronounced with an increase in molecular mobility in the interfacial region.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 265-270 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy reveals that solution-grown polyethylene samples have a unique phase structure independent of molecular weight. The lamellar crystallites are composed of about 85% crystalline material with the noncrystalline overlayer as large as 15%. The molecular motion in the overlayer is comparatively hindered and the liquid-like component, which is generally recognized in melt-grown crystals, cannot be produced appreciably, even at 60°C. Such hindered molecular mobility can be understood in terms of a rather restricted conformation of the molecular chains in the noncrystalline overlayer, arising from the special mode of crystallization from dilute solution.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 139 (1970), S. 171-181 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der unlösliche Anteil, der zurückbleibt, wenn man das Reaktionsprodukt einer Pfropfreaktion eines Monomeren Y auf ein Polymeres X mit einem Lösungsmittel für das Polymere (Y) gründlich extrahiert, wird üblicherweise als reines Pfropfpolymerisat angesehen. Die prozentuale Gewichtszunahme des Polymeren X, verursacht durch das nicht extrahierbare Polymere Y, wird als Pfropfungsgrad bezeichnet.Es ist jedoch möglich, daß ein Teil des Polymeren Y, der sich in der Matrix des Polymeren X gebildet hat, nur deswegen nicht zu extrahieren ist, weil er mit dem Polymeren X verschlungen ist. Wenn man die Menge des Polymeren Y, die nur wegen der Verschlingung der Partikel unlöslich ist, bestimmt, läßt sich der tatsächliche Wert des Pfropfungsgrades angeben. Die Pfropfung von Methylmethacrylat (MMA) an trockene oder in Wasser angequollene Filme aus Polyvinylalkohol (PVA) in Gegenwart von Methanol wurde durch gemeinsame Bestrahlung der Ausgangskomponenten erreicht.Der tatsächliche und der scheinbare Pfropfungsgrad wurden miteinander verglichen. Es zeigte sich. daß zwischen dem scheinbaren Pfropfungsgrad (A) und dem tatsächlichen (B) beträchtliche Unterschiede bestehen. Das Verhältnis (B/A) lag zwischen 0,02 und 0,57. Die Abhängigkeit des tatsächlichen Pfropfungsgrades und die Abhängigkeit der Länge der Seitenketten vom Methanolgehalt des Ausgangsgemisches und vom Quellungsgrad des in Wasser gequollenen Films werden ebenfalls diskutiert.
    Notes: When a grafting reaction of a monomer Y is carried out onto a polymer X, and the product is thoroughly extracted with a solvent for the polymer Y, the residue is conventionally called a graft; the weight increase in percent of the polymer X due to the unextractable polymer Y is regarded to be percent graft. However, it is possible that a part of polymer Y which is formed in the matrix of polymer X is unextractable only due to entanglement with polymer X. When we determine the amount of polymer Y which is insolubilized by the entanglement, we know the true value of the percent graft.The grafting of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was carried out onto dry or water-swollen films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the presence of methanol mainly by mutual irradiation technique and the true and an apparent percent graft were compared.It was found that the difference between an apparent percent graft (A) and the true one (B) was considerably large, the fraction of true graft (B/A) ranging from 0.02 to 0.57. The true percent graft and the branch length were also discussed in dependence on the methanol content of the monomer mixture and the degree of swelling of water-swollen film.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 139 (1970), S. 183-196 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pfropfcopolymere aus Polyvinylalkohol (PVA) mit Methylmethacrylat (MMA) wurden durch direkte Bestrahlung, Vorbestrahlung und nach der katalytischen Methode mit Kaliumpersulfat hergestellt; außerdem wurde eine Methode verwendet, die keine Katalysatoren benötigt.Nachdem die reinen Pfropfcopolymeren von unaufgepfropften PVA und Homo-PMMA durch erschöpfende, wechselseitige Extraktion isoliert worden waren, wurden die Hydroxylgruppen in den Copolymeren quantitativ acetyliert, damit einerseits osmotische Messungen möglich wurden und andererseits die Zusammensetzung durch hydrolytischen Abbau bestimmt werden konnte. In einem anderen Versuch wurden die aufgepfropften Seitenketten durch oxydative Spaltung der 1.2-Glykol-Bindungen im PVA-Molekül mit Perjodsäure isoliert, und das Molekulargewicht wurde osmometrisch bestimmt. An Hand dieser Ergebnisse wird gezeigt, daß die gebildeten Pfropfcopolymeren aus nur einer Seitenkette und einem Ausgangs-PVA-Molekül bestehen und daß ihre Struktur von den verwendeten Aufpfropfungsmethoden unabhängig ist.
    Notes: Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA) graft copolymers were prepared by mutual irradiation, pre-irradiation, and by a catalytic method with potassium persulfate (KPS); a technique to prepare graft copolymer using no initiator was also adopted. After pure graft copolymers were isolated from the graft films by vigorous alternate extraction unreacted PVA and homo-PMMA, hydroxyl groups in the copolymers were completely acetylated to carry out osmotic pressure measurements and determine the chemical composition by hydrolysis. Graft branches were separated by cleaving C—C bonds of 1.2-glycol structure in backbone PVA with periodic acid. The chemical structure of the graft copolymers was made clear on the basis of the measured number-average molecular weights of the pure graft copolymer, separated branch and mother PVA molecule, and the chemical composition of the graft copolymer. It was shown that the graft copolymer has only one branch and one mother PVA molecule, irrespective of the grafting methods employed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1986-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0024-9297
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5835
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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