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  • 1
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    Reversible Ubiquitylation in Plant Biology (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Reversible ubiquitylation plays an important regulatory role in almost all aspects of cellular and organismal processes in plants. Its pervasive regulatory role in plant biology is primarily due to the involvement of a large set of ubiquitin system constituents (encoded by approximately 6% Arabidopsis genome), the huge number of important cellular proteins targeted as substrates, and various drastic effects on the modified proteins. The major components of the ubiquitin system include a large set of enzymes and proteins involved in ubiquitin conjugation (E1s, E2s, and E3s) and deconjugation (deubiquitinases of different classes) and post ubiquitin conjugation components such as ubiquitin receptors, endocytic machineries, and 26S proteasome. The established substrates include transcriptional activators and repressors, signaling components, key metabolic enzymes, and critical mechanistic components of major cellular processes and regulatory mechanisms. Post-translational modification of proteins by reversible ubiquitylation could drastically affects the modified proteins by proteolytic processing and turnover, altering catalytic activity, subcellular targeting, and protein-protein interaction. Continued efforts are being carried out to identify novel substrates critical for various cellular and organismal processes, to determine effects of reversible ubiquitylation on the modified substrates, to determine signaling determinants triggering reversible ubiquitylation of specific substrates, to illustrate individual components of the ubiquitin system for their in vivo functions and involved mechanistic roles, and to determine mechanistic roles of modification acting on critical components of major cellular processes and regulatory mechanisms. The aim of this special topic is to serve as a platform to report most recent advances on those above listed current research endeavors. We welcome article types including original research, review, mini review, method, and perspective/opinion/hypothesis.
    Keywords: QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; Ubiquitin ; ubiquitin ligase ; plant innate immunity ; NEDD8/RUB ; self-incompatibility ; deubiquitination ; histone ; abiotic stress ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Mathematics, Vol. 7, Pages 12: Robust Approximate Optimality Conditions for Uncertain Nonsmooth Optimization with Infinite Number of Constraints (2018)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: This paper deals with robust quasi approximate optimal solutions for a nonsmooth semi-infinite optimization problems with uncertainty data. By virtue of the epigraphs of the conjugates of the constraint functions, we first introduce a robust type closed convex constraint qualification. Then, by using the robust type closed convex constraint qualification and robust optimization technique, we obtain some necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for robust quasi approximate optimal solution and exact optimal solution of this nonsmooth uncertain semi-infinite optimization problem. Moreover, the obtained results in this paper are applied to a nonsmooth uncertain optimization problem with cone constraints.
    Electronic ISSN: 2227-7390
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by MDPI
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  • 3
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    Energies, Vol. 12, Pages 2251: Forecasting Corporate Failure in the Chinese Energy Sector: A Novel Integrated Model of Deep Learning and Support Vector Machine (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Accurate forecasts of corporate failure in the Chinese energy sector are drivers for both operational excellence in the national energy systems and sustainable investment of the energy sector. This paper proposes a novel integrated model (NIM) for corporate failure forecasting in the Chinese energy sector by considering textual data and numerical data simultaneously. Given the feature of textual data and numerical data, convolutional neural network oriented deep learning (CNN-DL) and support vector machine (SVM) are employed as the base classifiers to forecast using textual data and numerical data, respectively. Subsequently, soft set (SS) theory is applied to integrate outputs of CNN-DL and SVM. Hence, NIM inherits advantages and avoids disadvantages of CNN-DL, SVM, and SS. It is able to improve the forecasting performance by taking full use of textual data and numerical data. For verification, NIM is applied to the real data of Chinese listed energy firms. Empirical results indicate that, compared with benchmarks, NIM demonstrates superior performance of corporate failure forecasting in the Chinese energy sector.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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  • 4
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    Joint Optimal Pricing and Ordering Decisions for Seasonal Products with Weather-Sensitive Demand (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-28
    Description: Retailers selling seasonal products often face the challenge in matching their inventory levels with uncertain market demand which is sensitive to weather conditions, such as the average seasonal temperature. Therefore, how to make the joint ordering and pricing decisions may help retailers to increase their profits. In this paper, we address the joint determination of pricing and ordering decisions in a newsvendor setting, where a retailer (newsvendor) sells the seasonal products and faces demand risk due to weather uncertainty. We show that the maximum expected profit function is continuous and concave, so the optimal solution to the retail price and order quantity exists and it is the one and only solution. In addition, we numerically investigate the impacts of related parameters on the retailer’s expected profit and the optimal pricing and ordering decisions and illustrate some useful management insights into the economic behavior of firms.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-887X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 5
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    Sustainability, Vol. 11, Pages 5947: Evaluating the Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions Considering Macro-Environmental Factors: A Cross-Country Study (2019)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Microfinance institutions (MFIs) have attracted great attention, due to their significant role in poverty reduction. Given the features of MFIs, this paper proposes a novel hybrid model of soft set theory, and an improved order preference by similarity to ideal solution (HMSIT) to evaluate the sustainability of MFIs, considering accounting ratios, corporate governance factors, and macro-environmental factors, from a cross-country perspective. This setting enables the examination of the role of macro-environmental factors in the sustainability of MFIs. For this purpose, soft set theory is adopted to select optimal criteria. An improved order preference by similarity to ideal solution method, in which the weight of each criterion is determined by soft set theory, is proposed to rank the sustainability of MFIs. This algorithm enables HMSIT to make full use of various types of information. The case study uses cross-country samples. Results indicate that macro-environmental factors are significant in evaluating the sustainability of MFIs from a cross-country perspective. Particularly, they can play a key role in distinguishing MFIs with low sustainability. The results also indicate that HMSIT has strong robustness. Ranked results, produced from the proposed HMSIT are reliable enough to provide some managerial suggestions for MFIs and help stakeholders make decisions.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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  • 6
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    Fault Diagnosis Technology of Rolling Bearing in Space Station (2019)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-01
    Print ISSN: 1742-6588
    Electronic ISSN: 1742-6596
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional analysis of the proteasome regulatory particle (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular biology reports 26 (1999), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Keywords: ATPase ; proteasome ; S. cerevisiae ; ubiquitin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have developed S. cerevisiae as a model system for mechanistic studies of the 26S proteasome. The subunits of the yeast 19S complex, or regulatory particle (RP), have been defined, and are closely related to those of mammalian proteasomes. The multiubiquitin chain binding subunit (S5a/Mcb1/Rpn10) was found, surprisingly, to be nonessential for the degradation of a variety of ubiquitin-protein conjugates in vivo. Biochemical studies of proteasomes from Δrpn10 mutants revealed the existence of two structural subassemblies within the RP, the lid and the base. The lid and the base are both composed of 8 subunits. By electron microscopy, the base and the lid correspond to the proximal and distal masses of the RP, respectively. The base is sufficient to activate the 20S core particle for degradation of peptides, but the lid is required for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. The lid subunits share sequence motifs with components of the COP9/signalosome complex, suggesting that these functionally diverse particles have a common evolutionary ancestry. Analysis of equivalent point mutations in the six ATPases of the base indicate that they have well-differentiated functions. In particular, mutations in one ATPase gene, RPT2, result in an unexpected defect in peptide hydrolysis by the core particle. One interpretation of this result is that Rpt2 participates in gating of the channel through which substrates enter the core particle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006928316738
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ATPase and ubiquitin-binding proteins of the yeast proteasome (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular biology reports 24 (1997), S. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Keywords: ATPase ; S. cerevisiae ; protease ; proteasome ; ubiquitin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 26S proteasome is a 2-Megadalton proteolytic complex with over 30 distinct subunits. The 19S particle, a subcomplex of the 26S proteasome, is thought to confer ATP-dependence and ubiquitin-dependence on the proteolytic core particle of the proteasome. Given the complexity of the 19S particle, genetic approaches are likely to play an important role in its analysis. We have initiated biochemical and genetic studies of the 19S particle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we describe the localization to the proteasome of several ATPases that were previously proposed to be involved in transcription. Independent studies indicate that the mammalian 26S proteasome contains closely related ATPases. We have also found that the multiubiquitin chain binding protein Mcb1, a homolog of the mammalian S5a protein, is a subunit of the yeast proteasome. However, contrary to expectation, MCB1 is not an essential gene in yeast. The mcb1 mutant grows at a nearly wild-type rate, and the breakdown of most ubiquitin-protein conjugates is unaffected in this strain. One substrate, Ub-Proline-βgal, was found to require MCB1 for its breakdown, but it remains unclear whether Mcb1 serves as a ubiquitin receptor in this process. Our data suggest that the recognition of ubiquitin conjugates by the proteasome is a complex process which must involve proteins other than Mcb1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006844305067
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and functional analyses of the 26S proteasome subunits from plants – Plant 26S proteasome (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular biology reports 26 (1999), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Keywords: Arabidopsis ; Physcomitrella patens ; proteasome ; proteolysis ; ubiquitin ; yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract As initial steps to define how the 26S proteasome degrades ubiquitinated proteins in plants, we have characterized many of the subunits that comprise the proteolytic complex from Arabidopsis thaliana. A set of 23 Arabidopsis genes encoding the full complement of core particle (CP) subunits and a collection encoding 12 out of 18 known eukaryotic regulatory particle (RP) subunits, including six AAA-ATPase subunits, were identified. Several of these 26S proteasome genes could complement yeast strains missing the corresponding orthologs. Using this ability of plant subunits to functionally replace yeast counterparts, a parallel structure/function analysis was performed with the RP subunit RPN10/MCB1, a putative receptor for ubiquitin conjugates. RPN10 is not essential for yeast viability but is required for amino acid analog tolerance and degradation of proteins via the ubiquitin-fusion degradation pathway, a subpathway within the ubiquitin system. Surprisingly, we found that the C-terminal motif required for conjugate recognition by RPN10 is not essential for in vivo functions. Instead, a domain near the N-terminus is required. We have begun to exploit the moss Physcomitrella patens as a model to characterize the plant 26S proteasome using reverse genetics. By homologous recombination, we have successfully disrupted the RPN10 gene. Unlike yeast rpn10Δ strains which grow normally, Physcomitrella rpn10Δ strains are developmentally arrested, being unable to initiate gametophorogenesis. Further analysis of these mutants revealed that RPN10 is likely required for a developmental program triggered by plant hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006926322501
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of alternate splice sites in granule-bound starch synthase mRNA from low-amylose rice varieties (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 38 (1998), S. 407-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: rice ; waxy ; splicing ; gene expression ; intron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rice Waxy gene encodes a granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) necessary for the synthesis of amylose in endosperm tissue. We have previously shown that a CT microsatellite near the transcriptional start site of the GBSS gene can distinguish 7 alleles that accounted for more than 80% of the variation in apparent amylose content in an extended pedigree of 89 US rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.). Furthermore, all the cultivars with 18% or less amylose were shown to have the sequence AGTTATA at the putative leader intron 5′ splice site, while all cultivars with a higher proportion of amylose had AGGTATA. Here we demonstrate that this single-base mutation reduces the efficiency of GBSS pre-mRNA processing and results in alternate splicing at three cryptic sites. The predominant 5′ splice site in CT18 low-amylose varieties is 93 bp upstream of the splice site used in intermediate and high amylose varieties and is immediately 5′ to the CT microsatellite that we previously demonstrated to be tightly correlated with amylose content. Use of the leader intron 5′ splice site at either -93 or -1 in conjunction with the predominant 3′ splice site results in formation of a small open reading frame 38 bp upstream of the normal ATG and out of frame with it. This open reading frame is not produced when any of the 5′ leader intron splice sites are used in conjunction with an alternate 3′ splice site five bases further downstream which was observed in all rice varieties tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006021807799
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