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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Modelling of Six-Ring Agarose Chains: Effects of Explicit and Implicit Solvent (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular modeling 3 (1997), S. 301-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0948-5023
    Keywords: Keywords: Oligosaccharides Dihedral angles ; Molecular Dynamics ; Agarose ; Abbreviations: MM: molecular mechanics; MD: molecular dynamics; AG: linkage between anhydrogalactose and galactose sugar rings; GA: linkage between galactose and anhydrogalactose rings.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A study on the molecular dynamics of agarose-type oligosaccharide chains in water is presented. In the field of molecular modelling one is able to use either explicit water molecules or a representative bulk dielectric constant: the two methods are compared here. The starting conformation was taken from X-ray fibre diffraction data for agarose double helices, which are neutral molecules. The resulting trajectories were analysed for the behaviour of dihedral linkages, and these were compared to systematic searches performed on isolated agarobiose and neo-agarobiose units. The results showed that when explicit water molecules are used the oligosaccharide chains are “stiffer” and have a reduced mobility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s008940050041
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A monoclonal antibody against human vitamin-D-binding protein for the analysis of genetic variation in the group-specific component system (Gc) (1990)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 84 (1990), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have developed a murine hybridoma cell line that is stable in secreting a monoclonal antibody (hDBP-1) directed against the group-specific component (Gc) molecule. The hDBP-1 is monospecific for Gc and does not crossreact with human albumin, which has 23% of its amino acid residues identical with vitamin-D-binding protein (DBP). The subclass of the antibody is IgG1 for the heavy chain, the light chain being of the kappa type. Isoelectric focusing discloses four major bands for the hDBP-1 with isoelectric points between pH 6.5 and 7.8. Binding to the antigen at different pH values was determined: there is high affinity in the physiological range and no binding at pH 3.5 and lower. In the presence of high salt concentrations, binding was reduced to about 50% at 1.5 M NaCl. The hDBP-1 recognizes the common human Gc types and the Gc of all apes and old world monkeys. No reaction was observed with the Gc of other mammals such as horses, cattle, rats, rabbits, sheep, goats and pigs. By testing hDBP-1 against 77 of the more than 120 known rare human Gc variants, it could be shown that this monoclonal antibody cannot recognize seven of these rare variants and can only poorly recognize nine. The binding site of hDBP-1 to Gc is not related to the binding site of Gc with G-actin: it recognizes Gc, the binary complex between Gc and G-actin, as well as the ternary complex between Gc, G-actin and DNase I. Competition assays with vitamin D3 and Gc in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicate that the epitope of hDBP-1 on the Gc molecule may be related to the vitamin-D3-binding site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208928
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thion- und Dithioester, XXII. α,β-Ungesättigte Thion- und Dithioester (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 919-933 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thiono and Dithio Esters, XXII. α,β-Unsaturated Thiono and Dithio Estersα,β-Unsaturated thiono and dithio esters such as O-ethyl thiocinnamate (3), methyl dithiocinnamate (7), O-ethyl thiocrotonate (17), and O,O-diethyl dithiofumarate (28) have been prepared by thiolysis between 20 and -75°C from the corresponding O- or S-alkylated tertiary amides or thioamides. They tend to dimerize in part by [4 + 2] cycloadditions. Methyl dithiocrotonate (24) could only be isolated as the endo-dimer 25.
    Notes: α,β-Ungesättigte Thion- und Dithioester wie Thiozimtsäure-O-ethylester (3), Dithiozimtsäure-methylester (7), Thiocrotonsäure-O-ethylester (17) und Dithiofumarsäure-O,O-diethylester (28) sind durch Thiolyse aus den entsprechenden O- oder S-alkylierten tertiären Amiden oder Thio-amiden bei Temperaturen von 20 bis -75°C zugänglich. Sie dimerisieren zum Teil in [4 + 2]-Cycloadditionen. Dithiocrotonsäure-methylester (24) ist nur als endo-Dimeres 25 erhältlich.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19801130312
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlor-Isotopieeffekte bei der Ionenaustausch-ChromatographieDiese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie unterstützt. - Herrn Prof. K. H. Lieser, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, danken wir für die Möglichkeit, die massenspektrometrischen Messungen an seinem Institut durchzuführen. (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 88 (1976), S. 54-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19760880209
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bestimmung der Reaktionsenthalpie beim Ionenaustausch von ChlorisotopenDiese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie unterstützt. Prof. K. H. Lieser, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, danken wir für die Möglichkeit, massenspektrometrische Messungen an seinem Institut durchzuführen. (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 89 (1977), S. 118-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19770890223
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Reaction Enthalpy in the Ion-Exchange of Chlorine IsotopesThis work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. We thank Prof. K. H. Lieser, Technische Hochschule Darmastadt for allowing us to carry out the mass spectrometric measurements in his Institute. (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 16 (1977), S. 114-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.197701141
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorine Isotope Effects in Ion Exchange ChromatographyThis work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie. - We are indebted to Prof. K. H. Lieser, Technische Hochschule Darmstadt for the opportunity of performing the mass spectrometric measurements at his institute. (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 15 (1976), S. 55-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.197600551
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thion- und Dithioester, XX. Dithion- und Tetrathioester höherer Dicarbonsäuren (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1977 (1977), S. 1743-1750 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thiono and Dithio Esters, XX. - Dithiono and Tetrathio Esters of Higher Dicarboxylic AcidsDithiono and tetrathio esters of adipic acid and pimelic acid (6c-d and 7c-d) are obtained in the usual manner by converting the corresponding dicarbonitriles 2 into the hydrochlorides of the imidic esters 1c-d or thioimidic esters 3c-d, resp., followed by reaction with hydrogen sulfide in pyridine. The succinic acid derivatives 1a and 3a cyclize unde these conditions to form dithiosuccinimide (4), while the glutaric acid derivatives 1b and 3d yield dithioglutarimide (5). O,O-Diethyl dithiosuccinate (6a) and O,O-diethyl dithioglutarate (6b) have been prepared from the corresponding N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyldicarboxylic acid diamides 8a-b by alkylation with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate followed by thiolysis. In a similar way the tetrathiosuccinic esters such as 12a and the tetrathioglutaric esters such as 12b are available starting with the peralkylated dithio amides 10.
    Notes: Dithion- und Tetrathioester der Adipin- und Pimelinsäure (6c-d und 7c-d) sind auf dem üblichen Wege aus den zugehörigen Carbonsäuredinitrilen 2 über die Hydrochloride der Imidsäureester 1c-d bzw. Thioimidsäureester 3c-d mit Schwefelwasserstoff in Pyridin zugänglich. Die entsprechenden Bernsteinsäurederivate 1a und 3a cyclisieren unter diesen Bedingungen zu Dithiosuccinimid (4), die Glutarsäurederivate 1b und 3b zu Dithioglutarimid (5). Dithiobernsteinsäure-O,O-diethylester (6a) und Dithioglutarsäure-O,O-diethylester (6b) lassen sich aus den zugehörigen N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylcarbonsäurediamiden 8a-b nach Alkylierung mit Triethyloxonium-tetrafluoroborat und anschließender Thiolyse erhalten. Auf analogem Weg kann man aus den peralkylierten Dithioamiden 10 auch die Tetrathiobersteinsäureester wie 12a und die Tetrathioglutarsäureester wie 12b gewinnen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.197719771021
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thion-und Dithioester, XXIII. Ester der Thiomalonsäuren (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1980 (1980), S. 483-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thiono and Dithio Esters, XXIII1).  -  Esters of Thiomalonic AcidsO,O-Diethyl dithiomalonate (2) has been obtained in high yield by thiolysis of diethyl diimido-malonate dihydrochloride (1) in glacial acetic acid/pyridine. By alkaline transesterification of 2 with ethanethiol O,S-diethyl trithiomalonate (6) is formed, by acidic transesterification diethyl tetrathiomalonate (14b). Tetrathiomalonates (14) have also been prepared from dithiomalonic acid dipiperidide (11) by S-alkylation with trialkyloxonium tetrafluoroborate and subsequent thiolysis. 14b is also available by condensation of ethyl dithioacetate (17) with carbon disulfide and subsequent ethylation.
    Notes: Der Dithiomalonsäure-O, O-diethylester (2) entsteht in hoher Ausbeute durch Thiolyse des Malon-diimidsäure-diethylester-dihydrochlorids (1) in Eisessig/Pyridin. Durch alkalische Umesterung von 2 mit Ethanthiol erhält man den Trithiomalonsäure-O,S-diethylester (6), durch saure Umesterung den Tetrathiomalonsäure-diethylester (14b). Tetrathiomalonester 14 sind außerdem aus Dithiomalonsäuredipiperidid (11) durch S-Alkylierung mit Trialkyloxonium-tetrafluoroborat und anschließende Thiolyse zu gewinnen. 14b wurde ferner durch Kondensation von Dithioessigsäure-ethylester (17) mit Schwefelkohlenstoff und nachfolgende Ethylierung erhalten.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198019800402
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Borkomplexe von Malonsäureamiden und Malonsäureamidinen (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 370-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Boron Complexes of Malonamides and MalonamidinesN,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylmalonamide (4) reacts with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate in boiling tetrachloroethane or with diethyl ether  -  boron trifluoride at room temperature to form the tetrafluoroborate 6a which was deprotonated with triethylamine to give 4,6-bis(dimethylamino)-2,2-difluoro-3-oxa-1-oxonia-2-borata-4,6-cyclohexadiene (7). With 4 and boron trichloride in CCl4 the neutral complex 9 is obtained, in CH2Cl2 the chelate complex 10. Similar to diethyl ether  -  boron trifluoride (2-aminoethoxy)diphenylborane (12) and triethylborane (15) condense with 4 to yield the salts 13 and 17, respectively, and the neutral complexes 14 and 16, respectively. N,N,N″,N″- Tetramethylmalonamidine (20) reacts with triethylborane (21a), ethoxydiphenylborane (21b) and trimethoxyborane (21c) to give the neutral complexes 22a-c which partly can be protonated with HBF4 to form the salts 23a, b.
    Notes: N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylmalonsäurediamid (4) bildet mit Triethyloxonium-tetrafluoroborat in siedendem Tetrachlorethan oder mit Diethylether  -  Bortrifluorid bei Raumtemperatur das Tetrafluoroborat 6a, das sich mit Triethylamin zum 4,6-Bis(dimethylamino)-2,2-difluor-3-oxa-1-oxonia-2-borata-4,6-cyclohexadien (7) deprotonieren läßt. Bortrichlorid liefert mit 4 in CCl4 den Neutralkomplex 9, in CH2Cl2 den Chelatkomplex 10. Ähnlich wie Diethylether  -  Bortrifluorid kondensieren auch (2-Aminoethoxy)diphenylboran (12) und Triethylboran (15) mit 4 zu den Salzen 13 bzw. 17 und zu den Neutralkomplexen 14 bzw. 16. N,N,N″N″-Tetramethylmalonamidin (20) bildet mit Triethylboran (21a), Ethoxydiphenylboran (21b) und Trimethoxyboran (21c) die Neutralkomplexe 22a-c, die sich mit HBF4 teilweise zu den Salzen 23a,b protonieren lassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840217
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