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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 6948-6950 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on tunnel switch diodes based on AlSb barriers and GaSb p–n junctions grown by molecular beam epitaxy. These were the devices with thyristor like switching in the GaSb/AlSb system. The characteristic "S" shaped current–voltage curve was found to occur for structures with AlSb barriers less than 300 Å thick. The switching voltage and current density exhibited less sensitivity to barrier and epilayer thickness than was predicted by the punch-through model. The results were correlated with drift diffusion simulations which have been modified to account for the presence of a tunneling contact. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 52 (1980), S. 24-27 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 4022-4024 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The exact nature of the signal in scanning apertureless microscopy techniques is the subject of much debate. We have sought to resolve this controversy by carrying out simulations and experiments on the same structures. Simulations of a model of tip–sample coupling are shown to exhibit features that are in agreement with experimental observations at dimensions below the diffraction limit. The simulation of the optical imaging process is carried out using atomic force microscope data as a topographical template and a tip–sample dipole coupling model as the source of optical signal. The simulations show a number of key fingerprints including a dependence on the polarization of the external laser source, the size of the tip, and index of refraction of the sample being imaged. The experimental results are found to be in agreement with many of the features of the simulations. We conclude that the results of the dipole coupling theory agree qualitatively with experimental data and that apertureless microscopy measures optical properties, not just topography. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 734 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 7 (1968), S. 1322-1327 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 81 (1989), S. 249-257 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Adult diet ; Jalmenus evagoras ; Butterfly biology ; Longevity ; Fecundity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This study examines the effect that sugars and amino acids in the adult diet of Jalmenus evagoras can have on female feeding behaviour, somatic maintenance, longevity, fecundity and egg weight. The presence of sugars in their adult food stimulated butterflies of this species to feed, and they appeared to compensate for low (1% wt/wt) sugar diets by feeding for longer periods. Butterflies were also more likely to feed on diets containing amino acids than on water controls. The availability of sugar allowed females to maintain or even increase their body weight and fat body size, but amino acids had no effect on these variables. Individuals on the medium (25% wt/wt) sugar diet attained the greatest longevity. Female fecundity was increased as much as threefold by the availability of sugar. However, amino acids in the diet had no effect on either longevity or fecundity. Egg weight was not affected by the concentration of sugars or amino acids in the adult diet, but was correlated with the weight of the female butterfly. These results demonstrate that the availability of carbohydrates in the adult diet could play an important role in the population dynamics of this species. However, the presence of amino acids had little effect on most of the variables measured, nor was there any interaction effect between sugars and amino acids.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 81 (1989), S. 258-266 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Adult diet ; Euploea core ; Butterfly biology ; Energetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Euploea core is a long lived butterfly which lays a few relatively large eggs each day. In such a species it is unlikely that reserves of carbohydrate and amino acid accumulated during the larval instars would be sufficient to last its entire adult life. Female E. core were kept in a large flight cage and assigned to one of four treatments. Each treatment comprised a different concentration of sugar and amino acid in the adult diet of the butterflies. Individuals with 25% sugar in their diet lived for longer and attained higher fecundities than those with 1% sugar in their diet. Butterflies on the 1% sugar diet removed greater volumes of food solution than those on the 25% sugar diet. The availability of amino acids in the adult diet had no marked effect on longevity and, if anything, had a negative effect on fecundity. The composition of the adult diet had no discernable effect on egg weight in this species. Sugar is shown to be an important component of the adult diet of E. core but their requirement for amino acids in their adult diet remains unresolved. Finally, using the known volume of food solution removed each day, estimates were made of the minimum amount of energy required by this species each day and the amount of energy required to produce an egg.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 47 (1996), S. 1617-1628 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: crystallisation nucleant ; HNS ; TNT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The 2,2',4,4',6,6'hexanitrostilbene, HNS, nucleant, used in the crystallisation of 2,4,6,trinitrotoluene, TNT, was precipitated from molten TNT and examined by differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, at several stages during purification by vacuum sublimation. During purification a broad endotherm, associated with nucleant decomposition, which could be resolved into two endotherms, depending on the sublimation temperature, was observed. Pure nucleant prepared at 70
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 26 (1998), S. 461-470 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: W/TiN/Ti/Si contact structure ; MULSAM ; TEM ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The W/TiN/Ti/Si contact structures needed for ultra-large-scale integrated circuits have been studied using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and multi-spectral Auger electron microscopy. Access to the Ti/Si interface for chemical characterization using SEM, Auger and electron energy-loss imaging and spectroscopy has been achieved by using a novel method of bevelled polishing of the silicon substrate material. Cross-sectional TEM was used to calibrate the depth scale in the MULSAM image sets, so allowing measurements of the thicknesses of various interfacial layers and the penetration of the ohmic contacts into the silicon. The TiN layer, providing adhesion of the tungsten as well as acting as a diffusion barrier, appears to have a domed shape, which penetrates the tungsten overlayer to a greater extent in the contact centres. The results of this work, combined with earlier, related, studies, enable a three-dimensional characterization of the bottom and sidewall structures in these contacts. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0047-2425
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-2537
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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