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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Regulation of Major Proteins in Seeds (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 35 (1984), S. 191-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.35.060184.001203
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abscisic-acid and gibberellin action in developing kernels of triticale (cv. 6A190) (1979)
    Springer
    Planta 146 (1979), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Amylase ; Cereal kernel ; Germination (seeds) ; Gibberellin ; Triticale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Abscisic-acid (ABA) levels were determined in triticale 6A190 kernels at various stages of development from anthesis to maturity. ABA reached a maximum at ca. 22 d post-anthesis and declined rapidly 12 d later. Associated with drying of the kernel at maturity there was a rapid increase in the endogenous level of α-amylase, apparently based upon de-novo synthesis. Simultaneously there were visible signs of degradation of the large starch grains in the starchy endosperm. Regulation of α-amylase production in the kernel by exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) was only evident in the almost mature kernel (30–40 d after anthesis) and then only if these kernels were first dried artificially. Furthermore, little α-amylase mRNA could be detected prior to kernel maturity and water loss. Thus, the high levels of gibberellin (GA) that have been found early in kernel development in cereals do not appear to control the later production of α-amylase and onset of kernel germination in the ear of triticale. However, the presence of high levels of ABA until maturity could prevent early germination and premature production of α-amylase. Kernels of triticale 6A190 are characteristically shrivelled and non-dormant at maturity. The relevance of changes in the capacity of kernels to respond to and produce GA and ABA is discussed in relation to problems of harvest dormancy in cereals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387794
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of auxin on cytokinin levels and metabolism in transgenic tobacco tissue expressing an ipt gene (1995)
    Springer
    Planta 196 (1995), S. 84-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; Auxin ; Cytokinin metabolism ; Cytokinin oxidase ; ipt gene ; Nicotiana (cytokinin)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ipt gene from the T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was transferred to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in order to study the control which auxin appears to exert over levels of cytokinin generated by expression of this gene. The transgenic tissues contained elevated levels of cytokinins, exhibited cytokinin and auxin autonomy and grew as shooty calli on hormone-free media. Addition of 1-naphthylacetic acid to this culture medium reduced the total level of cytokinins by 84% while 6-benzylaminopurine elevated the cytokinin level when added to media containing auxin. The cytokinins in the transgenic tissue were labelled with 3H and auxin was found to promote conversion of zeatin-type cytokinins to 3H-labelled adenine derivatives. When the very rapid metabolism of exogenous [3H]zeatin riboside was suppressed by a phenylurea derivative, a noncompetitive inhibitor of cytokinin oxidase, auxin promoted metabolism to adenine-type compounds. Since these results indicated that auxin promoted cytokinin oxidase activity in the transformed tissue, this enzyme was purified from the tobacco tissue cultures. Auxin did not increase the level of the enzyme per unit tissue protein, but did enhance the activity of the enzyme in vitro and promoted the activity of both glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms. This enhancement could contribute to the decrease in cytokinin level induced by auxin. Studies of cytokinin biosynthesis in the transgenic tissues indicated that trans-hydroxylation of isopentenyladenine-type cytokinins to yield zeatin-type cytokinins occurred principally at the nucleotide level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193221
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of glycosylation in storage-protein synthesis in developing pea seeds (1981)
    Springer
    Planta 153 (1981), S. 201-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Glucosamine ; Glycoproteins ; Legumin ; Pisum (storage protein) ; Storage protein, glycosylation ; Vicilin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Intact pea (Pisum sativum L.) cotyledons were incubated with [14C]glucosamine at several stages of seed development and the resultant radioactive proteins were analysed by gel electrophoresis combined with immunoaffinity chromatography and sucrose gradient fractionation. Glucosamine was incorporated into at least five vicilin polypeptides (approx. molecular weight 70,000; 50,000, two components; 14,000, two components). No incorporation was detected into the subunits of legumin. Tunicamycin at 50 μg/ml largely inhibited glucosamine incorporation but had little effect on the incorporation of 14C-labelled amino acids into cotyledon proteins, including vicilin. The assembly of vicilin polypeptides into full-sized protein oligomers (7–9 S) was also unaffected by tunicamycin. Chromatography on concanavalin A confirmed that glycosylation of cotyledon proteins was inhibited by tunicamycin. It is concluded that glycosylation of most cotyledonary proteins involves lipid-linked sugar intermediates, but that glycosylation itself is not an essential step in the synthesis of vicilin polypeptides nor in their assembly into oligomers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383888
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transgenic Pea Seeds Expressing the α -Amylase Inhibitor of the Common Bean are Resistant to Bruchid Beetles (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Company
    Nature biotechnology 12 (1994), S. 793-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Infestations of stored legume seeds by bruchid beetles, such as the cowpea weevil and the Azuki bean weevil cause substantial economic and nutritional losses of these food crops, especially in developing countries. Seeds of the common bean are resistant to these bruchids largely because of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0894-793
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gibberellic acid enhances the level of translatable mRNA for α-amylase in barley aleurone layers (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 260 (1976), S. 166-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In an attempt to relate GA3-stimulated a-amylase production to the level of ?-amylase mRNA, we have assayed for this mRNA by translating total and poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from aleurone layers in a cell-free system derived from wheat embryos21. This was followed by im-munoprecipitation22 and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/260166a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterisation of the wheat Mr 15000 “grain-softness protein” and analysis of the relationship between its accumulation in the whole seed and grain softness (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 589-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Grain softness ; Friabilin ; Milling quality ; Triticum aestivum ; Seed storage-proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Mr 15000 protein associated with water-washed wheat starch granules from soft wheats was shown to be heterogeneous: it could be divided into a fraction containing one or moreα-amylase inhibitor subunits and a fraction largely composed of a previously uncharacterised polypeptide(s) referred to as the “grainsoftness protein” (GSP). The major N-terminal sequence and sequences of peptides derived from protease digests of GSP are reported. An antiserum specific for GSP was used to show that GSP accumulated in both hard and soft wheat grains, but the GSP in soft grains associated more strongly with starch granules than the GSP in hard grains. A positive correlation between grain softness and accumulation of GSP in the seed was demonstrated for a range of cultivars. This differs from the qualitative relationship, based on the isolated starch fraction, between GSP and grain softness that has already been reported. Analysis of wholemeal extracts with the antiserum demonstrated that the accumulation of GSP in the seed was dependent on the short arm of chromosome 5D, which also encodes theHa locus. In addition, examination of near-isogenic lines differing in hardness indicated that the gene(s) controlling GSP was (were) linked with theHa locus. The findings indicate that GSP may be the product of theHa locus and thus be the major factor that determines the milling characteristics of bread wheats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00838714
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic engineering of grain and pasture legumes for improved nutritive value (1993)
    Springer
    Genetica 90 (1993), S. 181-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Keywords: plant ; genetic engineering ; nutritive value ; agrobacterium ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This review describes work aimed at the improvement of the nutritive value of grain and forage legumes using gene transfer techniques. Two traits which are amenable to manipulation by genetic engineering have been identified. These are plant protein quality and lignin content. In order to increase the quality of protein provided by the legume grains peas and lupins, we are attempting to introduce into these species chimeric genes encoding a sunflower seed protein rich in the sulphur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. These genes are designed to be expressed only in developing seeds of transgenic host plants. Chimeric genes incorporating a similar protein-coding region, but different transcriptional controls, are being introduced into the forage legumes lucerne and subterranean clover. In this case the genes are highly expressed in the leaves of transformed plants, and modifications have been made to the sunflower seed protein-coding sequences in order to increase the stability of the resultant protein in leaf tissue. Another approach to increasing plant nutritive value is represented by attempts to reduce the content of indigestible lignin in lucerne.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01435039
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Messenger RNA for the insect storage protein calliphorin: In vitro translation and chromosomal hybridization analyses of a 20 S poly(A)-RNA fraction (1978)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 16 (1978), S. 355-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Calliphora ; calliphorin ; storage protein ; hemolymph ; fat body ; mRNA ; in vitro translation ; in situ hybridization ; structural gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A major poly(A)-containing RNA fraction of the approximate size expected of a monocistronic mRNA for the storage protein calliphorin has been isolated from the larval fat bodies of Calliphora vicina during early instar 3. This 20 S RNA fraction programs the synthesis by cell-free wheat embryo extracts of polypeptides of 86,000 daltons identified by tryptic peptide fingerprinting as precursors of the authentic calliphorin subunits of 83,000 daltons. Complementary DNA synthesized by AMV reverse transcriptase using the same 20 S RNA as template hybridized in situ to a single segment of one or two bands in the salivary polytene chromosomes of C. vicina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00484091
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Downstream elements from the pea albumin 1 gene confer sulfur responsiveness on a reporter gene (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 259 (1998), S. 309-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Pea ; Sulfur deficiency ; Tobacco ; RNA stability ; Post-transcriptional regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The levels of mRNAs for some of the sulfur-rich proteins in seeds are regulated by the level of sulfur supplied to the plants. In peas, there is a mechanism that lowers the level of mRNA for legumin and pea albumin 1 (PA1) when plants are grown under sulfur-deficient conditions. This mechanism acts after transcription initiation. In this study, a gene encoding PA1 was expressed in leaves of transgenic tobacco. Expression of the gene was controlled by the level of sulfur supplied to the plants, mimicking the behaviour of the intact gene in peas. A gene encoding a different high-sulfur protein, ovalbumin, was unresponsive to sulfur status and was used as a reporter gene to test defined regions of the PA1 gene for sulfur responsiveness. These constructs, together with a set of PA1 gene deletions, were tested in transgenic tobacco and yielded the following observations: the PA1 gene was sensitive to sulfur status in the leaf as well as the seed; intron processing of the PA1 transcript was not required for sensitivity to sulfur stress; both the coding region and the 3′ flanking regions of the PA1 gene contained sequences which conferred sensitivity to sulfur stress; the sulfur-responsive sequence in the 3′ region was contained within a 134-nucleotide segment downstream of the end of the coding sequence. We conclude that there are at least two downstream elements which confer sensitivity to sulfur supply.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050817
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