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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some population characteristics of planktonic crustaceans in neusiedler see (1974)
    Springer
    Oecologia 15 (1974), S. 127-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Between May 1970 and May 1972 the total standing crop of planktonic crustaceans was highest in summer (288–693 ind. x103·m-3), whilst winter values varied from 8 to 58 ind. x103·m-3. The dominant species are Arctodiaptomus spinosus Daday and Diaphanosoma brachyurum Liéven. For Arctodiaptomus 4–5 generations per year were found, resting stages were never present. Diaphanosoma starts its development from the resting eggs at the end of March or at the beginning of April; the first male individuals occur at the end of August or at the beginning of September. Production of resting eggs begins in the middle of September. The biomass of individuals at various stages was determined as dry weight. By multiplying these values with the numerical counts one arrives at a value for biomass in the lake. The daily production has been calculated from the turnover time; the annual mean for Arctodiaptomus was 10.3 mg dry weight·m-3·day-1 (1970) and 26.8 mg dry weight·m-3·day-1 (1971), and that for Diaphanosoma was 1.6 mg dry weight·m-3·day-1 (1970), and 21.7 mg dry weight·m-3·day-1 (1971).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345741
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The respiration rate of the resting eggs of Leptodora kindti (Focke 1844) and Bythotrephes longimanus Leydig 1860 (Crustacea, Cladocera) at environmentally encountered temperatures (1984)
    Springer
    Oecologia 64 (1984), S. 241-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Respiration rates of the resting eggs of Leptodora kindti and Bythotrephes longimanus were measured in the laboratory at temperatures between 2.4 and 6.2° C. Results are used to explore the relationships between the duration of dormancy and egg size in the natural habitat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376877
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial activity under the ice cover of the shallow Neusiedler See (Austria, Central Europe) (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 357 (1997), S. 173-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: ice cover ; shallow lake ; bacterioplankton ; phytoplankton ; growth efficiency ; dissolved organic matter ; humic matter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In an attempt to assess bacterioplankton production and growth yieldunder low temperature conditions and to compare bacterioplankton withphytoplankton production in the ice-covered water column of the shallowNeusiedler See, outdoor measurements under near in situ conditions wereperformed during the winter of 1995/96. During the investigation period,mean chlorophyll (Chl) a concentration was 21.03 ± 14.95 µg Chla l-1. Phytoplankton primary production integrated over thewater column ranged from 1.35 to production integrated over the water columnranged from 1.35 to 4.23 mg C m-2 d-1 (mean± SD = 2.46 ± 1.06 mg C m-2d-1). Bacterial abundance varied from 20 to 40×105 ml-1 for most of the investigationperiod and increased by the end of March concomitantly with the increase intemperature from 1.3 to 6.3 °C within 5 days. Mean bacterial productionwas 15.3 ± 12.8 µg C l-1 d-1(range: 3.0 to 41.7 µg C l-1 d-1) and meanbacterial growth rate 0.23 ± 0.16 d-1 following closelythe pattern in bacterial production. DOC concentration declined linearlyfrom 20.7 mg C l-1 to 16.45 mg C l-1 over the 4months period of ice cover. The contribution of humic substances to thetotal DOC pool declined from 43.6% at the end of November to37.3% at the end of March. Calculated on an area basis, phytoplanktonproduction amounted to only 16% of bacterial production which makesit unlikely that phytoplankton supply substrate for bacterioplankton growthin significant quantities when the lake is ice covered. From the observeddecline in DOC over the investigation period and assuming only negligibleinput of DOC from other sources we calculated an average DOC uptake by thebacterioplankton community of 47.5 µg C l-1d-1 resulting in a bacterial growth efficiency of 15.9%for the ice covered conditions. Based on the growth efficiency we estimatethat pelagic primary production amounts to 2.8% of the bacterialcarbon demand. This might indicate that the bacterioplankton in NeusiedlerSee sustain their high growth rates at low temperatures (〈2°C formost of the investigation period) by using probably the DOC originating fromthe previous season. This DOM stems most likely from the decay of the reedPhragmites australis and its epiphytes and, probably of minor importance,from phytoplankton leachates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003151323756
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leptodora kindti: efficient predator and preferred prey item in Neusiedler See, Austria (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 307 (1995), S. 273-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Leptodora kindti ; population dynamics ; Diaphanosoma mongolianum ; Leptodora predation ; Leptodora as prey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the Neusiedler See, Leptodora kindti appeared in the plankton in April/May; the growing season lasted until November. Its optimum conditions prevailed during the summer months, when densities of 〉500 ind. m−3 were recorded. First, males appeared by the mid/end of August, while maximum resting egg production occurred in September. At temperatures below 10 °C the population declined. At high population levels, L. kindti caused suppression of its preferred prey item, the juveniles of Diaphanosoma mongolianum. Twenty-five to 45% of juvenile Diaphanosoma can be eliminated by Leptodora. This predation impact is a pronounced but short-term event. During the periods of high Leptodora densities, a significant relationship between Leptodora predation and the death rate of Diaphanosoma is found. The older developmental instars of L. kindti are themselves endangered by the impact of planktivorous fish (i.e. Pelecus cultratus, Alburnus alburnus), which show a preference for Leptodora larger than 6 mm. Frequently, elimination by fish corresponds with high death rates of Leptodora. During the periods when adult Leptodora occurred in numbers 〉50 ind. m−3, 55% of the variance connected with its death rate can be attributed to fish predation. The success of this population of L. kindti is discussed within the framework of predator-prey interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032021
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food and feeding behaviour of a planktivorous cyprinid, Pelecus cultratus (L.), in a shallow eutrophic lake, Neusiedler See (Austria) (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 333 (1996), S. 71-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Pelecus cultratus ; food ; selectivity ; fish predation ; prey visibility ; zooplankton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pelecus cultratus (razor fish), a cyprinid fish, has become a dominant species in Neusiedler See. Gut content analyses of 400 specimens collected in 1989 and 1990 showed that Pelecus fed mainly on large zooplankton (Diaphanosoma, Leptodora and Arctodiaptomus), although their diet also included Insecta (larvae, pupae and adults) and Arachnida (spiders), occasionally small fishes. Comparison of the relative abundance of the zooplankton species in the stomach to the lake indicated that Pelecus strongly selected cladocerans over copepods, and fed mostly on large-sized individuals of Diaphanosoma, Leptodora and Arctodiaptomus. The fish showed a significant positive selectivity only for individuals of Diaphanosoma 〉 1.0 mm and Leptodora 〉 4.0 mm. In contrast, selectivity increased continuously in relation to the diameter of the compound eye of both prey species. This suggested that prey visibility was a key factor in determining the prey selectivity by Pelecus. It also seems likely that the persistence of the Leptodora population in Neusiedler See can be attributed to negligible predation pressure on the smaller sized individuals of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017569
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of Hexarthra spp. in a shallow alkaline lake (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 186-187 (1989), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Hexarthra ; salinity ; alkalinity ; wind action ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In Neusiedler See, a shallow alkaline lake with fluctuating water level and salinity, four species of Hexarthra occur: H. mira, H. fennica, H. jenkinae (occasional) and H. polyodonta. The analysis of longterm data reveals a general phenological pattern which does not change from year to year. They first occur in May, develop a maximum in June/July, sometimes a second one in August/September and disappear in October. But the species succession is different in the various years, occasionally only one species (H. mira or H. polyodonta) being present. There is a fairly consistent relation between the chemical conditions and the prevalent species; an increase in salinity favours the development of H. polyodonta. Low temperature and wind generated suspended particles have a negative influence on the development of the Hexarthra populations. Smaller populations of Hexarthra are in a relation to the occurrence of Leptodora indicating predation pressure of the latter species. In Neusiedler See the Hexarthra populations seem to be controlled to a great extent by abiotic factors, but predation by Leptodora and most probably by young fish seems to play an important role too.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048904
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predator-prey relationships within the pelagic community of Neusiedler See (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 275-276 (1994), S. 81-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: crustacean plankton ; long-term development ; Arctodiaptomus spinosus ; Diaphanosoma mongolianum ; Leptodora kindti ; Pelecus cultratus ; vertebrate and invertebrate predators ; structuring impact of predation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Neusiedler See, a shallow alkaline lake, has become increasingly eutrophic; this enrichment improved the nutritive situation of the herbivorous zooplankton leading to a higher standing stock. A multiple regression analysis of the long-term development of the crustacean plankton indicates that abiotic factors (i.e. wind, temperature) have the most important impact on the community in spring and autumn, biotic factors (i.e. food, predation) during the summer months. Currently an invertebrate (Leptodora kindti) and two planktivorous fish (Pelecus cultratus and Alburnus alburnus) control the population development of Diaphanosoma mongolianum during summer. L. kindti predation acts on immature stages, whereas the fishes consume adult stages. L. kindti densities of 100 to 200 ind. × m-3 affect the prey population to a negligible extent; densities between 300 and 500 ind. × m-3 result in elimination rates of 5% to 〉40% of the juvenile Diaphanosoma stock. The impacts by the invertebrate predator are pronounced but short-term events. Juvenile and underyearling fish eliminate 4–13% of the zooplankton in the open lake and 5–33% inshore; their predation pressure acts on all younger stages of the crustaceans. Planktivorous fish older than 0 + concentrate on the large food items (adult stages of the crustaceans). A. alburnus is able to consume 6–16% of the zooplankton standing stock during summer. P. cultratus eliminates about 1–49% of D. mongolianum, 1–4% of A. spinosus and 1–31% of L. kindti. From May until August the position of the dominant predator changes, beginning with juvenile fish which are then followed by P. cultratus and then by A. alburnus. Predation by L. kindti is of importance in July and August; at that time it causes suppression of the juveniles of D. mongolianum, but, on the other hand, the older stages of L. kindti are endangered themselves by the predatory impact of planktivorous fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026702
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The analysis of planktonic rotifer populations: A plea for long-term investigations (1987)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 147 (1987), S. 163-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Rotifer plankton ; qualitative and quantitative aspects ; short-term and long-term development ; seasonality ; physical — chemical limitations ; competition ; predation ; parasitism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Short-term species succession, and long-term community development, of planktonic rotifer populations of the temperate zone and factors influencing species' abundance (ie., physical and chemical limitations, food and exploitative competition, mechanical interference competition, predation, parasitism) are described and discussed. The long-term development of plankton communities in three European lakes is described and the major events are discussed in relation to ecological interactions. Frequently, the shortcomings of our knowledge about population ecology and ecophysiology of rotifers prevent explanations of short-term and, especially, of long-term developments of these plankton organisms. The need for qualitative and quantitative observations in the field and in the laboratory over long periods becomes obvious.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025739
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The feeding behaviour of Leptodora kindti and its impact on the zooplankton community of Neusiedler See (Austria) (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 198 (1990), S. 107-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Leptodora kindti ; prey selection ; predation rate ; impact on prey population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Leptodora kindti is a very efficient invertebrate predator. Its searching mode of preying is tactile. The setae of the first thoracic limb act as mechanoreceptors, the other thoracic limbs, thorax and head together form the shape of an open basket in which after encounter the prey is pushed in by the aid of the first thoracic limbs and the furca. In Neusiedler See, small individuals of Diaphanosoma brachyurum (0.6–0.9 mm) are the preferred prey, rarely copepods are taken. The predation rate is influenced by temperature, prey density and predator size and varies between less than one and 12 prey items per predator per day. At high predator densities, Leptodora will have a substantial effect on the Diaphanosoma population of Neusiedler See.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048627
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trophic relationships in the pelagic zone of Mondsee, Austria (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 191 (1990), S. 199-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: trophic interactions ; pelagic zone ; seasonal succession ; lakes ; ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Data are presented on nutrient concentrations, phytoplankton biovolume development, zooplankton composition and population dynamics, and fish from a deep, stratifying, alpine lake (Mondsee, Austria) during a three-year period between 1982 and 1984. Development of the phytoplankton is closely related to structuring events of the physico-chemical environment. Dissolved silicate and phosphorus concentrations are critical for the summer situation. During summer algal abundance is largely affected by grazing of zooplankton, but no clear-water phase was observed at the end of the spring peak of phytoplankton. Temperature and food are factors responsible for the timing and growth of the zooplankton populations. Because of close overlap in the epilimnion, exploitative and mechanical interference competition and predation by invertebrate and vertebrate predators are the main structuring forces acting on the zooplankton community, and hence influence phytoplankton indirectly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026053
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