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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperatur-Dehnungs-Verhalten von Polyester- und Polyurethanfäden unter Zugbelastung (1966)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 211 (1966), S. 34-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird berichtet über Untersuchungen zur Änderung der Länge von synthetischen Fäden bei steigender Temperatur nach Belastung unterhalb der Einfriertemperatur. Das charakteristische Verhalten und die Übergangstemperaturen werden herausgestellt und sowohl mit der reinen thermischen Ausdehnung als auch mit dem einfachen Zugversuch in Zusammenhang gebracht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01500206
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wärmeübertragung in laminaren Grenzschichten mit starker Wechselwirkung zwischen Grenzschicht und Außenströmung (1983)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 34 (1983), S. 899-913 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Heat transfer is investigated on a flat plate in the vicinity of a local disturbance. This disturbance is caused by a local deformation of the wall, and triple deck theory can be used to describe its asymptotic behaviour. This theory also gives the asymptotic structure of the thermal boundary layer. The entire range of Prandtl numbers is covered with additional investigations for large and small Prandtl numbers.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird der Wärmeübergang an einer ebenen Platte in der Umgebung einer lokalen Störung betrachtet. Diese Störung ist durch eine Wanddeformation hervorgerufen und kann in ihrem asymptotischen Charakter mit Hilfe der Dreierdeck-Theorie (Triple-Deck-Theorie) beschrieben werden. Diese Theorie beschreibt auch die asymptotische Struktur der Temperaturgrenzschicht. Dabei wird der gesamte Prandtl-Zahl-Bereich abgedeckt mit jeweils gesonderten Betrachtungen für große und kleine Prandtl-Zahlen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00949063
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation and metabolic effects of Di-n-butyltin dichloride in the freshwater clam,Anodonta anatina (1986)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 36 (1986), S. 756-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623580
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A combined perturbation/finite-difference procedure applied to temperature effects and stability in a laminar boundary layer (1996)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 66 (1996), S. 264-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: asymptotic expansion ; stability ; boundary layer ; laminar flow ; heat transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary By means of a combined method it is demonstrated for regular perturbation problems how the higher order terms of an asymptotic expansion may be determined from numerical solutions of the non-expanded basic equations. The method is applied to heat transfer effects in a laminar boundary layer and to the analysis of its stability. All first- and second-order coefficients of the problem are determined from numerical solutions of the basic set of equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00787354
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A combined perturbation/finite-difference procedure applied to temperature effects and stability in a laminar boundary layer (1996)
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 66 (1996), S. 264-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words asymptotic expansion ; stability ; boundary layer ; laminar flow ; heat transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary  By means of a combined method it is demonstrated for regular perturbation problems how the higher order terms of an asymptotic expansion may be determined from numerical solutions of the non-expanded basic equations. The method is applied to heat transfer effects in a laminar boundary layer and to the analysis of its stability. All first- and second-order coefficients of the problem are determined from numerical solutions of the basic set of equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00787354
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability analysis of plane laminar Poiseuille flow with constant heat flux across the wall: asymptotic methods (1998)
    Springer
    Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 64 (1998), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0860
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie wird die klassische lineare Stabilitätstheorie um die Effekte temperatur- und druckabhängiger Stoffwerte erweitert. Diese Effekte werden asymptotisch durch Verwendung von Taylor-Reihenentwicklungen aller Stoffwerte erfaßt. Dabei sind alle Effekte klar voneinander getrennt. Lediglich die Prandtl-Zahl verbleibt als Parameter. In ihrer allgemeinen Form gelten die asymptotischen Ergebnisse für alle Newtonschen Fluide. Zwei Methoden finden Verwendung: eine klassische Reihenentwicklung und die sog. “kombinierte Methode”. In dieser Methode folgen die Ergebnisse aus einer Kombination der allgemeinen asymptotischen Form der Ergebnisse und konkreten Zahlenwerten aus einigen wenigen Fällen der nicht entwickelten Gleichungen. Aus den asymptotischen Ergebnissen können generelle Schlüsse über die Wirkung der Wärmeübertragung auf die Strömungsstabilität gezogen werden.
    Notes: Abstract Classical linear stability theory is extended to include the effects of temperature and pressure dependent fluid properties. These effects are studied asymptotically by using Taylor series expansions for all properties with respect to temperature and pressure. In this asymptotic approach all effects are well separated from each other, and only the Prandtl number remains as a parameter. In their general form the asymptotic solutions hold for all Newtonian fluids. Two different methods are introduced, a straightforward expansion method and a so called combined method. In the combined method results are found by combining the knowledge of the asymptotic form of the final solution with particular numerical results of the unexpanded basic equations. From the asymptotic results general conclusions can be drawn on how the critical Reynolds number is affected when variable property effects are taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010762
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Was ist Entropie? Eine Frage – Zehn Antworten (2000)
    Springer
    Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 66 (2000), S. 74-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0860
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract  The intention of the paper is to help all those who asked themselves the question raised in the headline but did not yet get a satisfactory answer as well as those who have been asked this very question but could not give a satisfactory answer. By means of the ten answers it should become clear that there is not one single and simple answer – as often expected. Actually entropy as a newly introduced quantity needs a learning process before its can be included in our vocabulary like familiar words such as temperature and energy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung  Der vorliegende Beitrag ist sowohl als Hilfestellung für diejenigen gedacht, die sich schon selbst die in der Überschrift formulierte Frage gestellt haben, bisher aber keine befriedigende Antwort darauf erhalten haben als auch für diejenigen, denen diese Frage gestellt worden ist, die darauf aber keine befriedigende Antwort geben konnten. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Ausführungen ist es, deutlich zu machen, daß es auf die Frage ,,Was ist Entropie“ nicht – wie häufig erwartet wird –eine einfache Antwort gibt, sondern daß es sich um die Frage nach einem komplexen physikalischen Sachverhalt handelt, der auch nur entsprechend ausführlich erklärt werden kann. Dieser ist auch mit zehn Antworten nicht erschöpfend beschrieben, die ersten zehn Antworten sollten aber zumindest einen ernsthaften Einstieg in das Verständnis der Physik, die mit dem Entropiebegriff verbunden ist, ermöglichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100100000038
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium kinetics in freshwater clams. II. A comparative study of cadmium uptake and cellular distribution in the UnionidaeAnodonta cygnea, Anodonta anatina, andUnio pictorum (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 15 (1986), S. 9-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A comparative study was made of Cd accumulation in three species of Unionidae. Up to eleven weeks of exposure, patterns of accumulation in whole animal were biphasic and didn't differ essentially between the species. After the eleventh week, Cd uptake increased strongly inA. anatina, whereas inA. cygnea metal concentration remained at a constant level. This dissimilarity is discussed in terms of differing ventilation activity. Large differences were observed between corresponding organs of the species with regard to the Cd concentration (on the basis of organ dry weight). However, when comparing the normalized burden values (on the basis of total dry weight) differences were found to be small. In conclusion, in the comparison of related species, normalized burden rather than concentration has to be considered as the more realistic parameter of Cd accumulation. Comparing mussels of different condition (summer and winter animals) of the same species, accumulation patterns diverged when the parameter of Cd concentration was used, but not with the parameter of Cd burden; the total body or organ mass factor holds elements of differing, seasonally dependent weight (e.g., energy stores) that do not affect the extent of Cd uptake. Cd amounts and Cd concentrations (on a protein basis) were highest either in the nuclear fraction or in the cytosol in the two Anodonta species, depending on the organ. In gillsof A. anatina, and in midgut gland ofA. cygnea, 75% of total organ Cd was found in the nuclear fraction. A possible contribution of large membrane-limited vesicles and of calcium concretions to this fraction is discussed. Only in the kidney of either species was the amount of cytosolic Cd greater than that in the nuclear fraction. In the other cases, the ratio of Cd amounts in the nuclear and cytosolic fractions was about 3∶2. Partition of Cd between the total particulate and the non-particulate fraction was similar at 5 and 16 weeks of exposure. After gel filtration, total cytosolic Cd was recovered in a high-molecular weight (HMW) fraction and in a protein fraction with apparent MW of 11 kD. In gills, mantle, and midgut gland, the contribution of the latter fraction increased with exposure time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055244
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cadmium in freshwater clams. III. Interaction with energy metabolism inAnodonta cygnea (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 19 (1990), S. 699-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Freshwater clams,Anodonta cygnea, were exposed to cadmium, at 50 ppb (μg/L), to investigate the effects of semi-chronic exposure on energy metabolism. Parameters examined included: adenylate energy charge (AEC), glycogen content, blood glucose and protein concentration, the accumulation of anaerobic metabolic end products,viz. lactate and succinate, and mitochondrial NADH-oxidase activity. In all tissues, AEC was significantly lowered after 12 weeks. Glycogen contents of the separate organs, except for the gills, were diminished to one half those of control animals. Hemolymph glucose increased between 4 and 8 weeks, whereas protein in hemolymph steadily decreased, to about one half the concentration of controls at 12 weeks. Lactate increased in mantle and midgut gland, whereas in gill only an initial accumulation was found after 2 weeks of exposure. Succinate concentrations increased in all organs between 4 and 8 weeks of Cd exposure. Thereafter, no further accumulation occurred. From the onset of exposure to cadmium there was a gradual reduction of NADH-oxidase activity of gill mitochondria, down to 60% of the control value after 12 weeks. The data indicate an impairment of oxidative carbohydrate metabolism that is brought about by a metabolic blockade, rather than by (partial) anaerobiosis as a consequence of shell closure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183987
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cadmium in freshwater clams. II. Ultrastructural changes in the renal system ofAnodonta cygnea (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 19 (1990), S. 691-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An ultrastructural study was made of the renal system of freshwater clams,Anodonta cygnea, that had been exposed to cadmium chloride (50 μg Cd/L) for 12 weeks. By stereological analysis an extended lysosomal system and a decreased number of mitochondria was apparent in the epithelial cells lining the proximal compartment of the kidney. The increase of the lysosomal system was mainly accountable to the appearance of a distinct type of lysosome, that accumulated in the apical cell region. The decrease of the mitochondrial population was accompanied by a considerable swelling of the individual mitochondria. Finally, a severe reduction of the glycogen stores was noticed. Similar, but less obvious, changes occurred in the distal kidney compartment. The results suggest that long-term exposure ofAnodonta cygnea to cadmium stimulates the lysosomal system and disturbs the function of organelles involved in the energy metabolism of resorptive kidney cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01183986
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