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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light- and electron-microscopic analysis of the statocyst of the American crayfishOrconectes limosus (Crustacea, Decapoda) (1991)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 110 (1991), S. 189-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The statocyst ofOrconectes limosus contains static hairs arranged in four groups. All the hairs are the same in basic structure; they differ only in length and diameter and in their positions with respect to the other hairs in the group and to the statolith. In terms of functional morphology, each static hair is part of a unit consisting of an acellular lever string, three receptor cells, a scolopale cell, sheath cells, and enveloping cells. The lever string comprises two components in a characteristic longitudinal arrangement. The structure of the receptor cells resembles that of the arthropod chemo- and mechanoreceptors studied previously. The cilium and the postciliary section lie within two receptor cavities, formed by the scolopale cell and the sheath cells; the two cavities communicate with one another. The receptor cells are fixed in position by various structures. Proximally they form desmosomes with the scolopale cell, medially they are joined by filaments to the inner wall of cavity 1, and distally they are retained by a constriction between the two cavities. Two possible stimulus-mediating mechanisms are discussed: pressure changes in the receptor cavities and shearing of the base of the cilia with respect to the preciliary region. The lever string is part of the cuticle and hence is shed during molting. Nevertheless, the statocyst remains functional during this process because new structural units are formed below the old cuticle prior to ecdysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01633003
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the supporting cells and structures derived from them in the inner ear of the grass frog, Rana temporaria (Amphibia, Anura) (1986)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 106 (1986), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The inner ear of Rana t. temporaria comprises sensory structures with various special functions, i.e., the detection of spatial orientation (utricle, saccule, lagena), of rotation (ampullae), and of acoustic signals (amphibian and basilar papillae). In each of these structures, there is a sensory epithelium made up of hair (sensory) cells and supporting cells. As the supporting cells differentiate, they produce the organic matrix of the otoconia in the gravity-sensing organs, the ground substance of the cupulae in the ampullae, and the ground substance of the tectorial membranes in the auditory papillae. The supporting cells associated with these various derivative structures have correspondingly different cytoplasmic properties. The preotoconia are formed by extrusion; the otoconia develop from these filamentous precursors by growth and calcium deposition. The organic material that forms the cupulae and tectorial membranes is released from the supporting cells by exocytosis. The organization of this material into the ground substance is initiated mainly around the distal ends of the hair-cell kinocilia, eventually giving rise to the marked morphological differences that distinguish the cupulae from the tectorial membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312202
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic studies of the skin of the Palembang puffer,Tetraodon steindachneri (Teleostei, Tetraodontidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 111 (1992), S. 193-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The skin ofTetraodon steindachneri is morphologically and cytologically adapted to the habits and locomotion of the fish, as well as to its ability to expand its body into a nearly spherical shape. Negative buoyancy, which facilitates precise maneuvers near the bottom, is achieved primarily by a very thick dermis. Various special features of the skin enable it to withstand the mechanical stresses of extreme expansion and deep folding: (1) the absence of a covering such as a cuticle on the outer surface of the epidermis, (2) the lack of scales, (3) the pronounced interdigitation of the epidermal cells, (4) the cytoskeleton of the filament-containing cells, and (5) the stratum compactum of the dermis. The spines, which inT. steindachneri can be extended and retracted, are derived, like the spines of diodontidae, from the scales of other teleosts. Each spine comprises cellular and acellular components, which together produce a complicated bilaterally symmetrical structure. Movement of the spines is mainly a passive mechanical concomitant of distension of the body, though active processes cannot be ruled out. The biological significance of the spine apparatus ofT. steindachneri is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01633008
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphogenesis of the inner ear of Rana temporaria (Amphibia, Anura) (1987)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 107 (1987), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Differentiation of the inner ear of Rana temporaria temporaria Linné, 1758 begins with invagination of the epidermis to form the otocyst. The first sensory epithelium to form is the macula communis. Not until this is complete are the semicircular canals produced as protrusions from the otocyst; at the same time the ampullar cristae develop as structures for the detection of rotation, separate from the macula communis. The formation of utricle and saccule, organs for the gravitational sense, occurs by concentric constriction between the superior and inferior parts of the otocyst, dividing the macula communis into two parts. At a time when the utricle and the semicircular canals have completely differentiated, the saccule region of the inner ear is still undergoing morphological development, with the formation first of the two auditory papillae (the basilar and amphibian papillae) and then of the lagena, an evagination of the saccule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312120
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of the fin musculature in two teleost species with different swimming modes, the puffer, Tetraodon steindachneri, and the goldfish, Carassius auratus (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 363-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fin ; Muscle, striated, skeletal ; Fine structure ; Locomotion ; Innervation ; Carassius auratus, Tetraodon steindachneri (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Puffer fish (Tetraodon steindachneri) can execute precise maneuvers due to their highly specialized mode of propulsion. In the conventional locomotion exemplified by the goldfish (Carassius auratus), the fish thrusts are generated by lateral beating of the caudal fin. In contrast, the puffer generates its propulsive force by very rapid undulating movements of the pectoral, dorsal and anal fins. The fine structure of the fin muscles is identical in the two species of fishes, despite the differences in fin movement; cytologically, the fibers are intermediate between those of red and of white muscle. On the other hand, both the fusion frequency and the number of motor endplates are considerably higher in the fin muscles of the puffer than in those of the goldfish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224119
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  • 6
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    The fine structure of the fin musculature in two teleost species with different swimming modes, the puffer, Tetraodon steindachneri, and the goldfish, Carassius auratus (1989)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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