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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STUDIES IN OBESE-HYPERGLYCEMIC MICE (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 131 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb34819.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two Types of Islet α Cells in Different Parts of the Pancreas of the Dog (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 194 (1962), S. 1201-1202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Biopsies were taken from the uncinate process, the body and the tail of the pancreas in 8 adult dogs of both sexes, anaesthetized with 'Nembutal^'. The pancreatic samples were fixed in Bouin's solution and, after dehydration and clearing, embedded in paraffin. Serial sections, 4pi thick, were ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1941201a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actual Distribution of the Number and Volume of the Islets of Langerhans in Different Size Classes in Non-diabetic Humans of Varying Ages (1959)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 184 (1959), S. 1498-1499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The biological application of these equations has proved to be of especial importance in quantitative studies of the islets of Langerhans. Thus, investigations on the rat showed that, in plotting the total islet volume in relation to the islet diameter, a symmetrical curve was obtained regardless ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1841498a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Glucagon on the Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in the Pancreatic Islets of Rats (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 209 (1966), S. 409-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing about 95 g and allowed free access to food and water, were separated into two groups: (1) Ten rats received subcutaneous injections of glucagon (Eli Lilly and Co.) dissolved in glycine sodium hydroxide-sodium chloride buffer (0.1 M, pH 9.6), each injection ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/209409a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulatory volume decrease of pancreatic β-cells involving activation of tetraethylammonium-sensitive K+ conductance (1990)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 96 (1990), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: pancreatic β-cells ; osmotic pressure ; insulin release ; regulatory volume decrease ; potassium permeability ; tetraethylammonium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract β-Cell-rich pancreatic islets from oblob-mice were used for evaluating the early effects of hypotonic stress. The β-cells responded to an abrupt lowering of the osmotic pressure by 102 mOsm with both a transient stimulation of insulin release (peak value 25 times above basal) and a loss of potassium without major effects on sodium. The secretory response was obtained also in the presence of 100 μM quinine or 20 mM tetraethylammonium+. The loss of potassium was not affected by 20 mM glucose or 10 μM bumetanide, but became less apparent in the presence of 100 μM quinine and disappeared when the islets were exposed to 20 mM tetraethylammonium+. Amiloride and high concentrations of the hypoglycemic sulfonylureas tolbutamide and glibenclamide had only a slight suppressive action on potassium mobilization. Patch clamp analyses revealed an increased frequency of small channel openings after exposure to the hypotonic medium. It is concluded that the pancreatic R-cells have the ability for a regulatory volume decrease involving activation of tetraethylammonium-sensitive K+ conductance. The stimulation of insulin release obtained by lowering the osmotic pressure seems to be related to the entry of water rather than to the ion movements responsible for the readjustment of the β-cell volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228451
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of insulin release by isosmolar addition of permeant molecules (1992)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 109 (1992), S. 77-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: pancreatic β-cells ; osmotic pressure ; insulin release ; urea ; glucose analogues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pancreatic β-cells are known to respond to hyposmolar stress by releasing insulin. It was evident from perifusion studies using islet cells from oblob-mice mixed with polyacrylamide beads that a similar type of secretory response can be obtained by isosmolar addition of 10–25 mM of the rapidly penetrating urea molecule. There was no effect with hyperosmolar addition of urea. The urea-induced insulin release differed from the ordinary stimulation of secretion in not disappearing but being more pronounced after previous heating to 45°C or removal of extracellular Ca2+. Isosmolar urea was exceptional as an insulin secretagogue in being effective also in the presence of the α2-adrenergic agonist clonidine or when lowering the temperature to 24°C. Further support for the idea that isosmolar addition of rapidly penetrating molecules induces insulin release was obtained by test ing non-metabolizable glucose analogues. Whereas 25 mM 3-O-methyl-D-glucose doubled the secretory rate within 4 min, the non-permeant L-glucose had only a slight initial action. When not compensating for the alterations of the medium osmolarity 3-O-methyl-D-glucose was without effect. Although expansion of β-cells cannot explain the existence of a pronounced initial secretory response to D-glucose it may under certain conditions contribute to the stimulatory effects of the sugar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230876
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucose-induced reduction of the sodium content in β-cell-rich pancreatic islets (1986)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 6 (1986), S. 967-972 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: glucose ; sodium ; pancreatic β-cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sodium contents of β-cell-rich pancreatic islets fromob/ob-mice were measured with an integrating flame photometer. After washing to an apparent steady state with different types of ice-cold media, islets incubated in the absence of glucose contained 79–108 mmol sodium kg−1 dry weight. Exposure to glucose resulted in 25 % reduction of the islet content of sodium. This effect became manifest in the presence of 5 mM glucose, there being no additional reduction with a further increase of glucose to 20 mM. Depression of Na+ activity may partially explain why glucose, under certain conditions, can lower cytoplasmic Ca2+ and even inhibit insulin release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01114973
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of the cytosolic calcium activity in clonal insulin-releasing cells exposed to glucose (1983)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 3 (1983), S. 939-946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cytosolic Ca2+ activity of insulin-releasing clonal cells (RINmSF) was studied with the intracellular fluorescent indicator quin-2. When the extracellular Ca2+ concentration was 1 mM, the basal cytosolic Ca2+ activity was 101±5 nM. Depolarization with 25 mM K+ increased this Ca2+ activity to at least 318 nM, an effect completely reversed by the voltage-dependent channel blocker D-600. In the presence of K+ alone these channels appeared to have a half-life of 6.7±0.8 min. In contrast to the action of K+, exposure of the RINmSF cells to 4 mM glucose resulted in a reduction of the cytosolic Ca2+ activity . This effect was observed during K+ depolarization but was more pronounced under basal conditions when it amounted to 20%. The data provide the first direct evidence that glucose can decrease the cytosolic Ca2+ activity in β-cells. Unlike the case in normal β-cells the glucose effect on the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in the RINmSF cells is apparently not sufficient to overcome the intracellular buffering of Ca2+. A defective depolarization is therefore a probable cause of the failing insulin secretion of RINmSF cells exposed to glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01140663
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation and inhibition of insulin release by an amino-reactive probe of plasma membrane (1973)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 14 (1973), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary 4-Acetamido-4′-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulphonic acid (SITS), an amino-reacting probe of plasma membranes, stimulated the release of insulin from micro-dissected pancreatic islets ofob/ob-mice. This effect of SITS was inhibited by adrenaline or by calcium deficiency. SITS did not inhibit the insulin-releasing action of glucose or leucine but rather potentiated the effect of glucose. In contrast, SITS markedly depressed the insulin secretory response to chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic acid. It is suggested that by reacting with the plasma membranes SITS may induce secretagogic ionic fluxes in the β-cells. In addition, SITS apparently inhibits the secretagogic recognition of chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic acid, presumably by preventing the organic mercurial from reacting with certain membrane thiol groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868074
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The islets of Langerhans in ducks and chickens with special reference to the argyrophil reaction (1960)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 52 (1960), S. 278-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pancreas of birds is a suitable object for studying the A and B cells separately, since the two cell systems are topografically almost entirely segregated in the form of light (= B cells) and dark (= A cells) islets of Langerhans. On the whole in the chicken and duck the actual distribution of the light islets into different size classes followed the same regular pattern previously found in the rat and man. In the body of the pancreas, containing the great majority of islets, the volume distribution curves thus appeared symmetrical. With the silver impregnation method used a distinct argyrophil reaction in both types of islets was obtained on paraffin sections of the pancreas. According to the presence or absence of blackening, the cells of the dark islets could be divided into two distinct fractions. Especially in the duck the silver-positive cells were grouped in a characteristic way along the walls of the capillaries. Ducks and chickens are not the only animals in which it is possible to identify an argyrophil fraction in what the usual granule stains had shown to be A cells. Parallel studies of various mammals are in complete agreement with these observations. It is, however, still uncertain whether we are here dealing with differences in function, age etc. in one and the same type of cell or with two completely different kinds. No correlation between the argyrophil reaction in the dark islet cells and their content of SH and SS groups or tryptophane could be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338985
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