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  • 1
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    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 3 (3). pp. 557-567.
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The recently increasing development of whole sky imagers enables temporal and spatial high-resolution sky observations. One application already performed in most cases is the estimation of fractional sky cover. A distinction between different cloud types, however, is still in progress. Here, an automatic cloud classification algorithm is presented, based on a set of mainly statistical features describing the color as well as the texture of an image. The k-nearest-neighbour classifier is used due to its high performance in solving complex issues, simplicity of implementation and low computational complexity. Seven different sky conditions are distinguished: high thin clouds (cirrus and cirrostratus), high patched cumuliform clouds (cirrocumulus and altocumulus), stratocumulus clouds, low cumuliform clouds, thick clouds (cumulonimbus and nimbostratus), stratiform clouds and clear sky. Based on the Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation the algorithm achieves an accuracy of about 97%. In addition, a test run of random images is presented, still outperforming previous algorithms by yielding a success rate of about 75%, or up to 88% if only "serious" errors with respect to radiation impact are considered. Reasons for the decrement in accuracy are discussed, and ideas to further improve the classification results, especially in problematic cases, are investigated.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-10-18
    Description: Socially and in relation to the individual, schools’ mission for STEM education is not limited to the teaching of knowledge and cognitive skills. Although they form an important basis for dealing with today’s challenges in a self-confident and responsible manner, they alone are not enough. Positive attitudes towards learning are additional important prerequisites for lifelong learning and participation in society. However, national educational standards still focus mainly on developing cognitive competencies. They hardly take into account multidimensional educational goals that combine both cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes. At the classroom level, in everyday school life, addressing both is one of the greatest challenges. Introducing standard-oriented curricula may have the potential to shift teachers’ professional perception also to non-cognitive educational goals. We argue that, in order to foster multidimensional educational goals, they need to be more clearly addressed at the policy, teacher training, and teaching level. One important research agenda within STEM education for the next years will be to examine and discuss the connection between the implementation of standard-oriented teaching, the achievement of multiple educational goals, and teachers’ professional competence.
    Electronic ISSN: 2504-284X
    Topics: Education , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Frontiers Media
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