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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cuticle development and ultrastructure: evidence for a procuticle of high osmium affinity (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 183 (1991), S. 511-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Athanasia ; Cassytha ; Cuscuta ; Cuticle (development, ultrastructure) ; Procuticle ; Utricularia ; Velum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the development and ultrastructure of the cuticles of the bladder primordium and other parts of Utricularia, the stem of Cuscuta gronovii, and the leaves of Athanasia parviflora. In all materials investigated, except the apical meristem of Cassytha pubescens, the first-formed cuticle, named the procuticle, was very electron dense and apparently amorphous in texture. Later, the procuticle changed its ultrastructural appearance: in all species having a procuticle it lost much of its electron density. Simultaneously, it developed into a lamellar structure in U. lateriflora and Cuscuta, and became part of a lamellar cuticle proper. In U. sandersonii and Athanasia the procuticle generally remained without visible structure. The velum of the pavement epithelium of Utricularia is considered to be a slightly modified procuticle which has become loosened from the epithelial cells and stretched.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194272
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidermal derivatives as xylem elements and transfer cells: a study of the host-parasite interface in two species of Triphysaria (Scrophulariaceae) (1993)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 174 (1993), S. 173-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Epidermis ; Haustorial interface ; Hemiparasite ; Orthocarpus ; Transfer cells ; Triphysaria ; Xylem elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Haustoria ofTriphysaria pusilla andT. versicolor subsp.faucibarbata from a natural habitat were analysed by light and electron microscopy. The keel-shaped edge of the secondary haustorium generally splits the epidermis and cortex of the host root parallel to the root axis, and penetrates to the host vascular tissue. Anticlinally elongated epidermal cells of the haustorium constitute most of the host/parasite interface. Some of these epidermal cells are divided by oblique cell walls. Some of their oblique daughter cells as well as some undivided epidermal cells differentiate into xylem elements. Single epidermal cells occasionally intrude into the vascular tissue of the host and individual host cells can be invaded. The surface area of the plasmalemma in parasitic parenchymatous interface cells is increased by the differentiation of wall labyrinths characteristic of transfer cells and by the development of membrane-lined cytoplasmic tubules or flattened sacs which become embedded in the partly lignified interface cell-wall. Mycorrhizal fungal hyphae enter the xylem bridge in some haustoria. Implications of these observations for the function of the haustorium are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01379049
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of UV-B radiation on European heathland species (1997)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 128 (1997), S. 253-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Ecophysiological responses ; Elevated CO2 ; Growth and phenology ; Heathland vegetation ; Precipitation ; UV-B radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on three examples of European shrub-dominated vegetation were studied in situ. The experiments were in High Arctic Greenland, northern Sweden and Greece, and at all sites investigated the interaction of enhanced UV-B radiation (simulating a 15% reduction in the ozone layer) with artificially increased precipitation. The Swedish experiment also involved a study of the interaction between enhanced UV-B radiation and elevated CO2 (600 ppm). These field studies were supported by an outdoor controlled environment study in the United Kingdom involving modulated enhancement of UV-B radiation in combination with elevated CO2 (700 ppm). Effects of the treatments on plant growth, morphology, phenology and physiology were measured. The effects observed were species specific, and included both positive and negative responses to the treatments. In general the negative responses to UV-B treatments of up to three growing seasons were small, but included reductions in shoot growth and premature leaf senescence. Positive responses included a marked increase in flowering in some species and a stimulation of some photosynthetic processes. UV-B treatment enhanced the drought tolerance of Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis by increasing leaf cuticle thickness. In general, there were few interactions between the elevated CO2 and enhanced UV-B treatments. There was evidence to suggest that although the negative responses to the treatments were small, damage may be increasing with time in some long-lived woody perennials. There was also evidence in the third year of treatments for effects of UV-B on insect herbivory in Vaccinium species. The experiments point to the necessity for long-term field investigations to predict the likely ecological consequences of increasing UV-B radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009782207376
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