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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of seed development in Pisum sativumL. XVI. Assessing variation for fatty-acid content by use of a non-destructive technique for single-seed analysis (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 114 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Analyses of seeds from a wide range of pea lines have revealed extensive variation for all of the major fatty acids normally found in pisum. Unlike total lipid content, this variation was not affected by the presence of mutant alleles at the r and rb loci. To allow chemically analysed seed to be used in crosses, which is of particular importance for F2 seed, a method has been developed by which individual seeds can be analysed non-destructively. This system entails drilling a small hole in the seed, away from the embryonic axis. The small quantity of powder produced by this process can be used for the chemical analysis but does not prevent the seed from being grown to produce progeny. Reducing the sample size had no significant effect upon the compositional analysis of the fatty acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00765.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Analysis of Seed Development in Pisum sativum L. IX. Genetic Analysis of Lipid Content (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 104 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The objective was to study the genetic basis of lipid content in pea seeds and the extent to which the inheritance of lipid content can be attributed to major genes determining seed shape. The genetic analysis consisted of two full 5 × 5 diallel crosses; one diallel between genotypes differing for genes affecting seed shape (r, rb, di and mifo loci) and the other between genotypes known to differ for lipid content. The results indicated that there was significant additive genetic and dominance variation for percent lipid. Recessive alleles at the r and rb loci have a positive effect on lipid content, while alleles at the di and mifo loci appear to have no effect on lipid content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb00416.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic control of the accumulation of verbascose in pea seeds (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Verbascose, the pentasaccharide of the raffinose family of oligosaccharides, consists of galactose units joined to sucrose. In pea (Pisum sativum) seeds, the content of verbascose is highly variable. In a previous study on a high-verbascose pea cultivar, the present authors have demonstrated that verbascose is synthesized by a multifunctional stachyose synthase (EC 2.4.1.67), which utilizes raffinose as well as stachyose as a galactosyl acceptor. Herein the results of a study of the cloning and functional expression of stachyose synthase from the low-verbascose genotype SD1 are reported and it is demonstrated that this line contains a protein with a reduced ability to synthesize verbascose. Analysis of seeds from seven pea lines revealed a positive correlation between verbascose synthase activity and verbascose content. Among these genotypes, only the SD1 line showed low verbascose synthase activity when the data were normalized to stachyose synthase activity. These results suggest that differences in the level of verbascose synthase activity could be caused by mutations in the stachyose synthase gene as well as by variation in the amount of the protein. The lines were also analysed for activity of α-galactosidase, a catabolic enzyme that could limit the extent of verbascose accumulation. No relationship was found between α-galactosidase activity and the amount of raffinose family oligosaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2003.01063.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The isolation and characterization of novel low-amylose mutants of Pisum sativum L. (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mutants of Pisum sativum L. with seeds containing low-amylose starch were isolated by screening a population derived from chemically mutagenized material. In all of the mutant lines selected, the low-amylose phenotype was caused by a recessive mutation at a single locus designated lam. In embryos of all but one mutant line, the 59 kDa granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI) was absent or greatly reduced in amount. The granule-bound starch synthase activity in developing embryos of the mutants was reduced but not eliminated. These results provide further evidence that amylose synthesis is unique to GBSSI. Other granule-bound isoforms of starch synthase cannot substitute for this protein in amylose synthesis. Examination of iodine-stained starch granules from mutant embryos by light microscopy revealed large, blue-staining cores surrounded by a pale-staining periphery. In this respect, the low-amylose mutants of pea differ from those of other species. The differential staining may indicate that the structure of amylopectin varies between the core and peripheral regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00612.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetics of P-700+ reduction in leaves: a novel in situ probe of thylakoid functioning (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The half time (t1/2) of the reduction of P-700+ in the millisecond time frame is known to be limited by the reaction between plastoquinol and the cytochrome cytb6f complex. This is considered to be the rate limiting reaction of thylakoid electron transport and measurements of it provide a means of analysing how thylakoid election transport is regulated in vivo. The half time for the reduction of photochemically oxidized P-700 has been measured in vivo using absorbance changes around 820 nm. The results showed that t1/2 is independent of irradiance and decreases as photosynthetic induction progresses. Even with a constant t1/2 the quantum efficiency of PSI declined as irradiance increased. The significance of the concept of photosynthetic control of electron transport is discussed in the light of these observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1989.tb01952.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Analysis of Seed Development in Pisum sativum. XIII. The Chemical Induction of Storage Product Mutants (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 105 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In an attempt to generate more variation of the type represented by the rugosus loci, r and rb, putative seed development mutants have been isolated from peas (Pisum sativum L.) following chemical mutagenesis of a round-seeded (RRRbRb) genotype. The populations segregating for wrinkled seeds at the M3 generation were examined for their starch, lipid and protein content. The starch content of the wrinkled-type variants was between 0 and 55 % with an amylose content between 0 and 80 %, compared with 51 % and 30 %, respectively, for the round-seeded parent. When the range of compositions of the wrinkled-type seed was grouped, the values indicated that similar phenotypic groups to the wild type (RRRbRb) and the rugosus types (rrRbRb, RRrbrb and rrrbrb) existed in the population. The lipid content of the putative mutants supported this conclusion. Furthermore, some of the values for starch content and composition, and for lipid content indicated that new mutants had been induced. The material represents the first report on chemically-induced mutants of legumes with altered storage product composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1990.tb01290.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of PEP carboxylase during seed development in Pisum sativum (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 258 (1975), S. 352-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It has been thought that the pod wall of P. sativum could refix, by photosynthesis, respired CO2 from the developing seeds and then recycle it to the seeds1. Although assimilates are obviously transferred from the pod wall to the seed, the refixation hypothesis conflicts with the estimations of pea ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/258352a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-stimulation of alanine aminotransferase activity in dark-grown leaves of Lolium temulentum L. as related to chlorophyll formation (1971)
    Springer
    Planta 100 (1971), S. 309-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The activity of alanine aminotransferase (=glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, GPT) in dark-grown first leaves of Lolium temulentum L. was increased, after an initial lag-phase of 4–6 hr, by more than 130% during the first 24 hr of light-exposure. In comparison, aspartate aminotransferase (=glutamateoxalacetate transaminase, GOT) activity rose by only 18%. Red light treatments of up to 60 min duration produced subsequent increases in GPT activity but the effects were too small to indicate a phytochrome-mediated response. The amounts of enzyme formed were equivalent to those obtained with similar incident intensities of white light. Retuern to darkness after light exposure resulted in an arrestation of the light-stimulated GPT increase. Pre-treatment with cycloheximide caused either stimulatory or inhibitory effects depending upon the concentration applied but, in general, chlorophyll formation and GPT activity responded in a similar manner, whilst GOT showed virtually no response. Chloramphenicol at 6x10-3 M depressed chlorophyll and Fraction 1 protein synthesis but stimulated GPT activity. The data are discussed in relation to the possible roles of GPT in the leaf. It is suggested that the enzyme, as determined, may be a complex of forms and that at least part of the activity may be involved in the early stages of chlorophyll biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385195
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biometrical analyses of some economically important characters in Antirrhinum majus (1977)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 49 (1977), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The experiment described in this paper was designed to measure some of the genotype-environment interactions in Antirrhinum majus and the emphasis has been upon characters which are of economic importance. — Seven F1 hybrids were grown in 27 different environmental conditions, consisting of 3 levels of nitrogen and 9 sowing dates. Analysis of variance followed by regression analysis and the partitioning of the variation into its genetic, environmental and interacting components were employed. — The practical applications of these methods by the grower and plant breeder, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304820
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of seed development inPisum sativum L. (1990)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 155 (1990), S. 127-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: DNA quantification ; Embryo culture ; Pisum sativum ; Seed development ; Storage protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Indirect immunofluorescence has been used to examine the temporal and spatial distribution of cells containing the storage protein vicilin, in immature pea embryos grown in vivo and in culture. The occurrence of the storage protein was investigated in both separated cells and cryosectioned embryos. In culture, a rapid cessation of cell division in embryos was observed. The proportion of cells containing vicilin was increased up to three-fold in culture depending on the initial fresh weight of the embryo. The DNA levels of the separated cotyledon cells from embryos grown in vitro were compared to those from ones grown in vivo. The maximum DNA content of the cell population was increased though the minimum DNA level of cells containing storage protein was unaltered at 5 C. In addition, no alteration was seen in the spatial localization of vicilin-containing cells within the parenchyma region of the cotyledons. Some cells of the axes of in vitro grown embryos, however, were seen to contain the storage protein which was absent from the same weight embryos taken from the plant. Cells of the epidermal and provascular regions did not contain vicilin in any of the embryos investigated here. These data have been related to the cellular development of the pea embryo and provide evidence for a hypothesis that there is a relationship between cell expansion and deposition of storage protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01322622
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