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  • 1
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    A study of software standards used in the avionics industry (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Within the past decade, software has become an increasingly common element in computing systems. In particular, the role of software used in the aerospace industry, especially in life- or safety-critical applications, is rapidly expanding. This intensifies the need to use effective techniques for achieving and verifying the reliability of avionics software. Although certain software development processes and techniques are mandated by government regulating agencies, no one methodology has been shown to consistently produce reliable software. The knowledge base for designing reliable software simply has not reached the maturity of its hardware counterpart. In an effort to increase our understanding of software, the Langley Research Center conducted a series of experiments over 15 years with the goal of understanding why and how software fails. As part of this program, the effectiveness of current industry standards for the development of avionics is being investigated. This study involves the generation of a controlled environment to conduct scientific experiments on software processes.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: The Role of Computers in Research and Development at Langley Research Center; p 85-105
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Mending the Gap, An Effort to Aid the Transfer of Formal Methods Technology (2009)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: Formal methods can be applied to many of the development and verification activities required for civil avionics software. RTCA/DO-178B, Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification, gives a brief description of using formal methods as an alternate method of compliance with the objectives of that standard. Despite this, the avionics industry at large has been hesitant to adopt formal methods, with few developers have actually used formal methods for certification credit. Why is this so, given the volume of evidence of the benefits of formal methods? This presentation will explore some of the challenges to using formal methods in a certification context and describe the effort by the Formal Methods Subgroup of RTCA SC-205/EUROCAE WG-71 to develop guidance to make the use of formal methods a recognized approach.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Type: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Proof-Carrying Code and Software Certification; 1; NASA/CP-2009-215403
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  • 3
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    A Practical Approach to Modified Condition/Decision Coverage (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-02
    Description: Testing of software intended for safety-critical applications in commercial transport aircraft must achieve modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC) of the software structure. This requirement causes anxiety for many within the aviation software community. Results of a survey of the aviation software industry indicate that many developers believe that meeting the MC/DC requirement is difficult, and the cost is exorbitant. Some of the difficulties stem, no doubt, from the scant information available on the subject. This paper provides a practical 5-step approach for assessing MC/DC for aviation software products, and an analysis of some types of errors expected to be caught when MC/DC is achieved1.
    Keywords: Computer Programming and Software
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Software System Safety and the NASA Aeronautics Blueprint (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-02
    Description: NASA's Aeronautics Blueprint lays out a research agenda for the Agency s aeronautics program. The word software appears only four times in this Blueprint, but the critical importance of safe and correct software to the fulfillment of the proposed research is evident on almost every page. Most of the technology solutions proposed to address challenges in aviation are software dependent technologies. Of the fifty-two specific technology solutions described in the Blueprint, forty-one depend, at least in part, on software for success. For thirty-five of these forty-one, software is not only critical to success, but also to human safety. That is, implementing the technology solutions will require using software in such a way that it may, if not specified, designed, and implemented properly, lead to fatal accidents. These results have at least two implications for the research based on the Blueprint: (1) knowledge about the current state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice in software engineering and software system safety is essential, and (2) research into current unsolved problems in these software disciplines is also essential.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    GCS programmer's manual (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A variety of instructions to be used in the development of implementations of software for the Guidance and Control Software (GCS) project is described. This document fulfills the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics RTCA/DO-178A guidelines, 'Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification' requirements for document No. 4, which specifies the information necessary for understanding and programming the host computer, and document No. 12, which specifies the software design and implementation standards that are applicable to the software development and testing process. Information on the following subjects is contained: activity recording, communication protocol, coding standards, change management, error handling, design standards, problem reporting, module testing logs, documentation formats, accuracy requirements, and programmer responsibilities.
    Keywords: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
    Type: NASA-TM-102721 , NAS 1.15:102721
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Using minimal spanning trees to compare the reliability of network topologies (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Graph theoretic methods are applied to compute the reliability for several types of networks of moderate size. The graph theory methods used are minimal spanning trees for networks with bi-directional links and the related concept of strongly connected directed graphs for networks with uni-directional links. A comparison is conducted of ring networks and braided networks. The case is covered where just the links fail and the case where both links and nodes fail. Two different failure modes for the links are considered. For one failure mode, the link no longer carries messages. For the other failure mode, the link delivers incorrect messages. There is a description and comparison of link-redundancy versus path-redundancy as methods to achieve reliability. All the computations are carried out by means of a fault tree program.
    Keywords: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
    Type: NASA-TM-4208 , L-16701 , NAS 1.15:4208
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Software verification plan for GCS (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This verification plan is written as part of an experiment designed to study the fundamental characteristics of the software failure process. The experiment will be conducted using several implementations of software that were produced according to industry-standard guidelines, namely the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics RTCA/DO-178A guidelines, Software Consideration in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification, for the development of flight software. This plan fulfills the DO-178A requirements for providing instructions on the testing of each implementation of software. The plan details the verification activities to be performed at each phase in the development process, contains a step by step description of the testing procedures, and discusses all of the tools used throughout the verification process.
    Keywords: QUALITY ASSURANCE AND RELIABILITY
    Type: NASA-TM-101668 , NAS 1.15:101668
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Structural factoring approach for analyzing stochastic networks (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The problem of finding the distribution of the shortest path length through a stochastic network is investigated. A general algorithm for determining the exact distribution of the shortest path length is developed based on the concept of conditional factoring, in which a directed, stochastic network is decomposed into an equivalent set of smaller, generally less complex subnetworks. Several network constructs are identified and exploited to reduce significantly the computational effort required to solve a network problem relative to complete enumeration. This algorithm can be applied to two important classes of stochastic path problems: determining the critical path distribution for acyclic networks and the exact two-terminal reliability for probabilistic networks. Computational experience with the algorithm was encouraging and allowed the exact solution of networks that have been previously analyzed only by approximation techniques.
    Keywords: SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
    Type: NASA-TP-3069 , L-16794 , NAS 1.60:3069
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    The Role of Regulation in Access to Civilian Airspace: Paths Forward for Unmanned Aerial Systems (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Law, Political Science and Space Policy
    Type: NF1676L-21388 , AETOS International Workshop on Research Challenges for Future RPAS/UAS Systems; May 05, 2015; Atlanta, GA; United States
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  • 10
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    A Case Study for Assured Containment (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: NF1676L-21723 , 2015 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS''15); Jun 09, 2015 - Jun 12, 2015; Denver, CO; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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