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  • 1
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    Helmet Mounted Display symbology integration research (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A five-week flight simulation investigation comparing screen/head stabilized Apache Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) flight symbology to world stabilized flight symbology is presented in this paper. Simulation test results indicate that pilots perform significantly (P is less than .05) better using world stabilized attitude symbology. They were accurate to an average of 1/2 deg at estimating terrain relief and aerial target locations. Pilots were able to take advantage of world referenced symbology due to the unique features of HMD that allow the pilot to visually use the symbology at extreme azimuth and elevation off-axis angles. Pilots preferred world stabilized symbology while performing contour flight tasks. They reported that the use of climb-dive-marker during contour flight greatly reduced pilot work load under conditions tested. A surprising number of cyclic input errors occurred when using both MIL-STD-1295 hover symbology and test symbology, indicating that a better approach for depicting hover symbology is probably warranted. The magnitude of cyclic input and spatial estimation errors increased as the off-axis viewing angle became larger.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: In: AHS, Annual Forum, 48th, Washington, June 3-5, 1992, Proceedings. Vol. 1 (A93-35901 14-01); p. 197-213.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    The Role of Alerting System Failures in Loss of Control Accidents CAST SE-210 Output 2 (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-07
    Description: This report is part of a series of reports that address flight deck design and evaluation, written as a response to loss of control accidents. In particular, this activity is directed at failures in airplane state awareness in which the pilot loses awareness of the airplane's energy state or attitude and enters an upset condition. In a report by the Commercial Aviation Safety Team, an analysis of accidents and incidents related to loss of airplane state awareness determined that hazard alerting was not effective in producing the appropriate pilot response to a hazard (CAST, 2014). In the current report, we take a detailed look at 28 airplane state awareness accidents and incidents to determine how well the hazard alerting worked. We describe a five-step integrated alerting-to-recovery sequence that prescribes how hazard alerting should lead to effective flight crew actions for managing the hazard. Then, for each hazard in each of the 28 events, we determine if that sequence failed and, if so, how it failed. The results show that there was an alerting failure in every one of the 28 safety events, and that the most frequent failure (20/28) was tied to the flight crew not orienting to (not being aware of) the hazard. The discussion section summarizes findings and identifies alerting issues that are being addressed and issues that are not currently being addressed. We identify a few recent upgrades that have addressed certain alerting failures. Two of these upgrades address alerting design, but one response to the safety events is to upgrade training for approach to stall and stall recovery. We also describe issues that are not being addressed adequately: better alert integration for flight path management types of hazards, airplanes in the fleet that do not meet the current alerting regulations, a lack of innovation for addressing cases of channelized attention, and existing vulnerabilities in managing data validity.
    Keywords: Air Transportation and Safety
    Type: NASA/TM-2019-220176 , ARC-E-DAA-TN64314
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Test techniques for evaluating flight displays (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The rapid development of graphics technology allows for greater flexibility in aircraft displays, but display evaluation techniques have not kept pace. Historically, display evaluation has been based on subjective opinion and not on the actual aircraft/pilot performance. Existing electronic display specifications and evaluation techniques are reviewed. A display rating technique analogous to handling qualities ratings was developed and is recommended for future evaluations. The choice of evaluation pilots is also discussed and the use of a limited number of trained evaluators is recommended over the use of a large number of operational pilots.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-TM-103947 , A-92139 , NAS 1.15:103947 , ATCOM-TR-92-A-006 , AD-A260295
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Advanced helicopter cockpit and control configurations for helicopter combat missions (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Two piloted simulations were conducted by the U.S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate to evaluate workload and helicopter-handling qualities requirements for single pilot operation in a combat Nap-of-the-Earth environment. The single-pilot advanced cockpit engineering simulation (SPACES) investigations were performed on the NASA Ames Vertical Motion Simulator, using the Advanced Digital Optical Control System control laws and an advanced concepts glass cockpit. The first simulation (SPACES I) compared single pilot to dual crewmember operation for the same flight tasks to determine differences between dual and single ratings, and to discover which control laws enabled adequate single-pilot helicopter operation. The SPACES II simulation concentrated on single-pilot operations and use of control laws thought to be viable candidates for single pilot operations workload. Measures detected significant differences between single-pilot task segments. Control system configurations were task dependent, demonstrating a need for inflight reconfigurable control system to match the optimal control system with the required task.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT STABILITY AND CONTROL
    Type: NASA-TM-100017 , A-87315 , NAS 1.15:100017 , USAAVSCOM-TR-87-A-9 , AD-A192130
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Wide field of view helmet mounted display systems for helicopter simulation (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: This paper elaborates on visually-coupled Wide Field of View Helmet Mounted Display (WFOVHMD) system technology as a viable visual presentation system for helicopter simulation. Critical research issues on helmet mounted displays are reviewed. Tradeoffs associated with this mode of presentation as well as research and training applications are discussed.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: AIAA PAPER 88-4575 , AIAA, Flight Simulation Technologies Conference; Sept. 7-9, 1988; Atlanta, GA; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Helmet mounted display flight symbology research (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Screen/head stabilized MIL-STD 1295 helmet mounted display (HMD) flight symbology as integrated on the Apache helicopter was compared to world referenced/stabilized flight symbology. Simulation test results indicate that pilots perform significantly better using world-stabilized conformal attitude symbology. They were accurate to an average of 1/2 degree at estimating terrain relief and aerial target locations. World stabilized conformal symbology was preferred while performing contour flight tasks. They reported that the use of climb-dive-marker during contour flight greatly reduced pilot work load under conditions tested. Cyclic input errors occurred when using both 1295 hover symbology and test symbology indicating that a better approach for depicting hover symbology is warranted. The magnitude of cyclic input and spatial estimation errors increased as the off-axis viewing angle became larger.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: AIAA PAPER 92-4137 , AIAA/AHS Flight Simulation Technologies Conference; Aug 24, 1992 - Aug 26, 1992; Hilton Head Island, SC; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Helmet mounted display systems for helicopter simulation (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Simulation scientists continually pursue improved flight simulation technology with the goal of closely replicating the 'real world' physical environment. The presentation/display of visual information for flight simulation is one such area enjoying recent technical improvements that are fundamental for conducting simulated operations close to the terrain. Detailed and appropriate visual information is especially critical for Nap-Of-the-Earth (NOE) helicopter flight simulation where the pilot maintains an 'eyes-out' orientation to avoid obstructions and terrain. This paper elaborates on the visually coupled Wide Field Of View Helmet Mounted Display (WFOVHMD) system technology as a viable visual display system for helicopter simulation. In addition the paper discusses research conducted on the NASA-Ames Vertical Motion Simulator that examined one critical research issue for helmet mounted displays.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Human Factors Society Annual Meeting; Oct 16, 1989 - Oct 20, 1989; Denver, CO; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Cobra communications switch integration program (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper describes a design modification to reduce the visual and manual workload associated with the radio selection and communications tasks in the U.S. Army AH-1 Cobra helicopter. The modification involves the integration of the radio selection and microphone actuating tasks into a single operation controlled by the transmit-intercom switch. Ground-based and flight tests were conducted to evaluate the modified configuration during twelve flight tasks. The results show that the proposed configuration performs twice as fast as the original configuration.
    Keywords: MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
    Type: International Symposium on Aviation Psychology; Apr 17, 1989 - Apr 20, 1989; Columbus, OH; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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