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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and funguslike taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, ‘to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation’, or ‘are there too many genera in the Boletales?’ and even more importantly, ‘what should be done with the tremendously diverse ‘dark fungal taxa?’ There are undeniable differences in mycologists’ perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based on scientific evidence with regards to nomenclature, classifications, and taxonomic concepts will be welcomed, and any recommendations on specific taxonomic issues will also be encouraged; however, we will encourage professionally and ethically responsible criticisms of others’ work. This biannual ongoing project will provide an outlet for advances in various topics of fungal classification, nomenclature, and taxonomic concepts and lead to a community-agreed classification scheme for the fungi and fungus-like taxa. Interested parties should contact the lead author if they would like to be involved in future outlines.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 749-751 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dependence of the amount of aluminum trifluoride (AlF3) piled up at the interface of chemical vapor deposited tungsten and the aluminum under layer on the deposition time and subsequent annealing in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) or in monosilane (SiH4) gas has been studied. AlF3 is formed by the reaction of the aluminum under layer with tungsten hexafluoride (WF6) during the initial state of tungsten chemical vapor deposition. Tungsten was deposited on an Al layer under selective deposition conditions by SiH4 reduction at 250 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement reveals that the amount of AlF3 decreases with an increase in the tungsten deposition time and that the reduction of AlF3 by volatilization of aluminum fluorides, which occurs at higher temperatures ((approximately-greater-than)400 °C) is not observed at low temperature (270 °C). Annealing in SiH4 gas after the tungsten deposition was effective to reduce the amount of AlF3 compared with annealing in UHV. This result and thermochemical data would suggest that the dependence of the amount of AlF3 on the tungsten deposition time is explained by the reduction of AlF3 with hydrogen atoms supplied from the dissociation of SiH4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1186-1188 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The new HiECR-3 ion source has been designed to have a mirror field and a hexapole field strong enough for both 14 and 18 GHz operation. We designed, manufactured, and operated the HiECR-3, for studying characteristics of volume and surface dependence on the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma zone. From these measurements of the ECR plasma, we examined many problems. They are the ECR plasma zone, the extraction efficiency from the plasma zone, electron injection from another ECR plasma zone, and volume and surface of the ECR plasma zone. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) is the first heavy-ion accelerator complex dedicated to cancer therapy. HIMAC is equipped with two kinds of ion sources. The PIG ion source is an indirectly heated cathode type, which is operated with a very low-duty factor. The ECR ion source has a single closed ECR zone with 10 GHz microwaves. Both sources realize good stability and reproducibility with easy operation, and satisfy the requirements for radiotherapy. They have been successfully used for clinical trials since June of 1994, and several tens of cancer patients have already been treated with 290–400 MeV/u carbon beams. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The development of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source for the heavy ion medical accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) injector is reported. The HIMAC is a heavy ion medical accelerator for cancer therapy. The electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source is expected to provide a long lifetime, easy operation, and easy maintenance for medical use. The NIRS-ECR ion source has a single closed ECR stage, and a microwave frequency of 10 GHz is applied. Under the present performance, the output electrical currents of the ions are 2500 eμA for He1+, 300 eμA for C2+, 480 eμA for Ne3+, and 110 eμA for Ar6+. Stability of the intensity is better than 2%. The transmission efficiency through a low-energy beam-transport line with an acceptance of 200 πmm mrad is more than 70%; the typical 50% and 90% emittances of the injection beam with 8 keV/u are 20 and 80 πmm mrad, respectively. These performances satisfy the requirements for radiotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of five rates [0 (control), 1, 2, 4 and 6 Mg ha−1] of calcium silicate on the growth and water consumption by rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) and sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense Piper) under wet and dry soil water regimes (60 g and 30 g H2O kg−1 soil respectively) were evaluated in a pot experiment. The effect of the application of silicate on plant biomass was similar to that of the control. However, the shoot and root dry mass varied significantly (P 〈 0.001) according to the soil water regime and plant species. During the first cut, the shoot dry mass was 5.7 g per pot under the wet soil moisture regime, significantly exceeding that under the dry soil water regime proportionately by 0.68. For sudan grass, the shoot dry mass varied from 3.6 g per pot in the control to 4.3 g per pot in the treatment that received 6 Mg ha−1 of calcium silicate. Plant water demand decreased as the rate of calcium silicate application increased, suggesting that an application of calcium silicate could reduce drought stress and enhance water economy. For the soil under study, the reduction in plant water demand represents a water saving ranging from 0.076 to nearly 0.20.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2975-2977 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Compositional abruptness of strained Si/Ge heterointerfaces grown by solid source Si molecular beam epitaxy under supply of atomic hydrogen (AH) was investigated using secondary ion mass spectrometry and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Systematic variation of growth temperature and AH exposure pressure revealed that Ge segregation length is a steadily decreasing function of AH coverage on the growth surface. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 785-787 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A unique growth mode of Ge on Si(110) substrates was clarified by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. A spectral redshift and an increase of the relative no-phonon intensity were found for PL from the two-dimensional Ge layer on Si(110) compared to that on Si(100). These results likely arise from nonuniformity in the Ge layer thickness owing to the step-bunched Si(110) surface and resultant exciton localization. The two-dimensional to three-dimensional growth mode changeover was observed as evidenced by emergence of broad PL from Ge islands. In contrast to Ge on Si(100) PL from the wetting layer was found to show continuous redshift with increasing Ge coverage even after Ge island formation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 583-585 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: When a large current is accelerated, many radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) LINAC are needed, because the acceleration limit of a RFQ LINAC is 20 mA–30 mA. Therefore the same number of ion source are needed. But the limit is not the current limit of ion source. If the RFQ LINAC has many RFQ channels, it can accelerate large currents. We designed an accelerator with four RFQ channels to prove this principle. An ion source which extracts four equal beams from one chamber is needed for this RFQ LINAC. A four-hole ECR ion source was designed and manufactured after calculating the magnetic fields by OPERA, and simulating beam trajectory using the program FUGUN. In this ion source, since four extraction holes are located off axis by about 50 mm, the beam is deflected. We calculated this deviation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 254 (1987), S. 454-461 
    ISSN: 0003-9861
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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