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  • 1
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    (Table 4) Distribution of bacterial populations in sediments of ODP Hole 128-798B (1992)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Cragg, Barry A; Harvey, S M; Fry, J C; Herbert, R A; Parkes, R John (1992): Bacterial biomass and activity in the deep sediment layers of the Japan Sea, Hole 798B. In: Pisciotto, KA; Ingle, JCJr.; von Breymann, MT; Barron, J; et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 127/128(1), 761-776, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.127128-1.184.1992
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Sediment whole-round cores from a dedicated hole (798B) were obtained for detailed microbiological analysis, down to 518 m below the seafloor (mbsf). These sediments have characteristic bacterial profiles in the top 6 mbsf, with high but rapidly decreasing bacterial populations (total and dividing bacteria, and concentrations of different types of viable heterotrophic bacteria) and potential bacterial activities. Rates of thymidine incorporation into bacterial DNA and anaerobic sulfate reduction are high in the surface sediments and decrease rapidly down to 3 mbsf. Methanogenesis from CO2/H2 peaks below the maximum in sulfate reduction and although it decreases markedly down the core, is present at low rates at all but one depth. Consistent with these activities is the removal of pore-water sulfate, methane gas production, and accumulation of reduced sulfide species. Rates of decrease in bacterial populations slow down below 6 mbsf, and there are some distinct increases in bacterial populations and activities that continue over considerable depth intervals. These include a large and significant increase in total heterotrophic bacteria below 375 mbsf, which corresponds to an increase in the total bacterial population, bacterial viability, a small increase in potential rates of sulfate reduction, and the presence of thermogenic methane and other gases. Bacterial distributions seem to be controlled by the availability of terminal electron acceptors (e.g., sulfate), the bioavailability of organic carbon (which may be related to the dark/light bands within the sediment), and biological and geothermal methane production. Significant bacterial populations are present even in the deepest samples (518 mbsf) and hence it seems likely that bacteria may continue to be present and active much deeper than the sediments studied here. These results confirm and extend our previous results of bacterial activity within deep sediments of the Peru Margin from Leg 112, and to our knowledge this is the first comprehensive report of the presence of active bacterial populations from the sediment surface to in excess of 500 mbsf and sediments 〉 4 m.y. old.
    Keywords: 128-798B; Acridine Orange Direct Counting (AODC); Bacteria, acetogens; Bacteria, aerobic ammonifers; Bacteria, anaerobic; Bacteria, anaerobic ammonifers; Bacteria, cells; Bacteria, heterotrophic; Bacteria, nitrate-reducing; Bacteria, sulfate reducing; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Japan Sea; Joides Resolution; Leg128; Ocean Drilling Program; ODP
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 262 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical changes occurring during final maturation of eggs of some marine and freshwater teleosts (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 24 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Biochemical changes which occur during post-vitellogenic meiotic maturation of oocytes were investigated by measuring the concentrations of various phosphorus-containing fractions of the ovaries and mature eggs of four marine species with pelagic eggs, plaice, Pleuronecles platessa, cod, Gadus morhua, haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, and whiting, Merlangius merlangus, and three freshwater species with demersal eggs, rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, pike, Esox lucius, and powan, Coregonus lavarelus. In the former group, protein phosphate was deposited at normal vertebrate levels in the ovaries during vitellogenesis but was exhausted during maturation, its decrease correlating with the uptake of water which rendered the mature egg buoyant in sea water. In plaice, phospholipid phosphate declined slightly during maturation, while inorganic phosphate increased by an amount slightly less than that which disappeared from the protein fraction. No such changes occurred on maturation in these three fractions in the freshwater species, in which little or no water uptake occurred. In plaice, the approximately five-fold increase in the water content of the oocyte was accompanied by a corresponding five-fold increase in the amount of potassium, the major inorganic cation of the oocyte. These pelagic eggs appear to be unique among the eggs of vertebrates in their high water content (c. 92%) and in the fact that the protein phosphate is almost entirely utilized before fertilization, while, in those freshwater fishes and other oviparous vertebrates that have been examined, the egg is of much lower water content (50–70%) and most of the protein phosphate, like the other major yolk constituents, is used during embryonic growth. This utilization at such an early stage in the life cycle constitutes an extreme example of heterochrony.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1984.tb04830.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The carotenoids of eggs of wild and farmed Atlantic salmon, and their changes during development to the start of feeding (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 29 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The only carotenoid detected in newly fertilized eggs of wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, from western Scotland was astaxanthin at a concentration [μg carotenoid g−1 wet wt of eggs, mean ±S.D. (number of parental females)] of 6.2±1.2(7) in 1982, 6.4±1.8(20) in 1983, and 7.6 ± 13(6) in 1984. In eggs of farmed Atlantic salmon the only carotenoid detected was canthaxanthin at concentrations which varied significantly between farms depending on the level of synthetic canthaxanthin in the broodstock diet. Thus on two farms using feed with 50 μgg−1, the levels were 11.8 ± 3.4(7) and 12.3 ± 2.9(6), while on two farms using 75μgg−1 the levels were 18.7 ± 5.0(9) and 21.2 ± 2.7(21). The levels in eggs of one-seawinter fish (grilse) did not differ from those of two-seawinter fish reared on the same farm and diet. During development from newly fertilized egg to fry at the end of yolk-sac absorption, the quantity of carotenoid present per individual decreased, presumably as a result of metabolism. Despite large differences in quantity present, the quantity so metabolized was fairly constant at 2–4 μg carotenoid g−1 original egg weight for eggs from two-seawinter farmed and wild salmon, except that in eggs from farmed grilse it was 7 μg g−1. In fry from wild eggs, 99.14% of the remaining carotenoid was present in the integument (skin and fins) as astaxanthin, astaxanthin monoester and astaxanthin diester. In fry from farmed salmon eggs, 47 ± 8% of the carotenoid present was found in the unused yolk oil droplets and in the liver, and 37 ± 6% was found in the integument as canthaxanthin and an unidentified metabolite of canthaxanthin. These findings explain visible colour differences between fry from wild parents and fry from canthaxanthin-fed farmed parents, particularly in the fins, liver and residual oil droplets. The canthaxanthin metabolite was also found, together with canthaxanthin, in the skin of farmed adults fed canthaxanthin. Preliminary tests showed it to be unchanged by saponification but reduced by sodium borohydride. For eggs from the three farms incubated under the same conditions in the same season, percentage mortality both to the eyed stage and between hatching and first feeding varied significantly between farms, but percentage mortality between the eyed stage and hatching did not do so. Results combined from two seasons for eggs from three farms and one wild source showed that egg mortality between fertilization and the eyed stage was not significantly different between wild and farmed salmon, but mortality between the eyed stage and hatching, and between hatching and first feeding, were both significantly higher in farmed salmon than in wild salmon. Such differences could not be explained simply by the large differences in egg carotenoid content, but were almost certainly due to factors such as broodstock nutrition, broodstock management, and stripping and fertilization procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb04972.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A biochemical method for distinguishing between the sexes of fishes by the presence of yolk protein in the blood (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 25 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A method is described by which the adult females of marine and freshwater teleosts can be distinguished by a biochemical test performed on a blood sample. The test depends on the measurement in the blood plasma of alkali-labile protein-linked phosphorus, a specific measure of yolk protein (vitellogenin). In vitellogenic females, values of 20–100 μg protein phosphorus ml plasma−1 are usually found, while in males, non-vitellogenic females and immature fish of both sexes the value is 〈7.5 and usually 〈5 μg ml−1. At the appropriate season, most females can be positively identified. Good results can be obtained 2–3 months before spawning, and in some species for an undefined period after spawning. The advantages of this method over immunological techniques for the determination of vitellogenin, such as radioimmunoassay and immunoelectrophoresis, are the wide range of vertebrate species to which it can be applied, and its low cost. Its disadvantages are its lower sensitivity and the larger volume of plasma (0.5 ml) which must be used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1984.tb04877.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep bacterial biosphere in Pacific Ocean sediments (1994)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 371 (1994), S. 410-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] These bacteria, some of which are unique, must have a profound effect on deep-sediment diagenetic processes, and their presence considerably extends the biosphere. Pacific Ocean sediments were collected on five Ocean Drilling Programme Cruises (ODP Legs 112, 128, 135, 138, 139) and a Charles ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/371410a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus metabolism and water uptake during final maturation of ovaries of teleosts with pelagic and demersal eggs (1986)
    Springer
    Marine biology 90 (1986), S. 285-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An earlier study showed large changes in ovarian phosphoprotein, a characteristic component of vertebrate yolk, during post-vitellogenic meiotic maturation (ripening) of ovaries of teleosts with pelagic eggs. Here, the study of four phosphorus-containing ovarian fractions is extended to other teleost families with pelagic eggs and to species with demersal eggs. Fishes were caught in the sea and lakes of western Scotland between 1982 and 1984. In the codGadus morhua, spratSprattus sprattus, dragonetCallionymus lyra, Norway poutTrisopterus esmarkii, saithePollachius virens, lingMolva molva and flounderPlatichthys flesus, all of which spawn pelagic eggs, the massive water influx during ripening which renders the eggs buoyant was accompanied by large changes in yolk phosphoprotein which were apparent as decrease or disappearance of protein phosphorus as conventionally determined. During ripening of the demersal eggs of the herringClupea harengus, both the water uptake and the decrease in protein phosphorus were less pronounced. In the three-spined sticklebackGasterosteus aculeatus, sea sticklebackSpinachia spinachia, sand gobyPomatoschistus minutus and perchPerca fluviatilis, little or no changes in water content or protein phosphorus both usually increased in species with pronounced water uptake and decreased in species with little or no water uptake. Lipid phosphorus showed little change in all species examined except herring, in which it increased. It is concluded that the characteristic changes in phosphoprotein and other phosphorus-containing fractions are most pronounced in species with pelagic eggs exhibiting massive water uptake on ripening, but are found to a lesser extent in species with demersal eggs in which considerable water uptake accompanies ripening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00569140
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seabed photography, environmental assessment and evidence for deep-water trawling on the continental margin west of the Hebrides (2000)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 441 (2000), S. 173-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: shelf edge ; hydrocarbon exploration ; environmental impact assessment ; trawl scars ; xenophyophores ; Atlantic Frontier ; fishing impacts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A photographic survey in 1998 of the seabed along depth transects from 700 to 1300 m across the N.E. Atlantic continental slope off north-west Scotland shows clear depth-related change in sediment type and megabenthic community in an environment where biological communities and species distributions are poorly known. Small-scale features, such as trawl marks and dense fields of xenophyophores, were resolved that may have remained unknown using conventional sampling or lower resolution imaging techniques. Because xenophyophores accumulate barite, a constituent of some drilling muds, their local-scale occurrences will be important to baseline environmental survey prior to hydrocarbon prospecting in deep water. Our results indicate that deep-sea trawling is physically impacting the seabed to depths of more than 1000 m. The persistence and biological consequence of this impact is unknown, but may depend on sediment type and natural physical disturbance. Comparison with similar seabed photographs taken from a neighbouring area in 1988, which show a high incidence of trawl marks, indicates that such impacts have been taking place over at least 10 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017550612340
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric-field exposure of persons using video display units (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 5 (1984), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: video display unit (VDU) ; electric field ; ELF ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Electric fields produced by a selection of video display units have been measured over a frequency range from DC to 1 MHz. The magnitude and the time variation of the electric fields were both recorded by means of a single broadband capacitive sensor located on the surface of a simple simulation of the human body. The electric field at a given location was found to be the sum of three discrete components, each having a different spatial and time variation. These components are produced by, respectively, the charged CRT screen, the flyback transformer, and the low-voltage circuitry. For the units tested, operator exposures are substantially below the limits of existing workplace guidelines.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250050102
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  • 9
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    Phosphorus metabolism and water uptake during final maturation of ovaries of teleosts with pelagic and demersal eggs (1986)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 10
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    Assessment of terrigenous organic carbon input to the total organic carbon in sediments from Scottish transitional waters (sea lochs): methodology and preliminary results (2002)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-31
    Description: This paper addresses the assessment of terrestrially derived organic carbon in sediments from two Scottish sea lochs. The results illustrate a smooth decrease in area-specific sediment oxygen uptake rates along a transect of six stations from the head of Loch Creran to the sea, from 18.7 mmol O2m-2d-1 to 6.6 mmol O2m-2d-1. Measurement of the losses on ignition at two temperatures (250°C and 500°C) of the sediment fraction from 1–2 cm depth at the same stations enabled the proportion of weight loss that occurred over the high temperature range to be calculated. These show a smooth increase from 0.33 to 0.62. These observations indicate that (a) the amount of easily biodegradable organic material in the sediment decreases by two-thirds along the transect and (b) the proportion of refractory organic material in the sediment increases along the same transect. This suggests strongly that terrigenous organic material, brought down by the River Creran is a very important fuel for sediment diagenetic processes in this system. Preliminary analyses of the lignin composition of the same sediments indicate the predominance of non-woody gymnosperm tissue. Lignin is used as a proxy for terrigenous allochthonous material. Comparative data for Loch Etive are also presented. Keywords: sedimentary organic carbon, Loch Creran, Loch Etive, oxygen uptake, lignin analysis
    Print ISSN: 1027-5606
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-7938
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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