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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 17 (1984), S. 235-240 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 18 (1985), S. 734-740 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 30 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Continuous dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements were analyzed to evaluate the rates of pond metabolic processes related to productivity and respiration in three commercial catfish ponds in northwest Mississippi. Multiple regression models were constructed to assess the relative importance of various forcing functions on indices of net primary productivity (NPP) and whole pond respiration (WPR), duration of automated aeration, and DO concentration below various threshold values. Water temperature, solar radiation, wind run, cumulative feed, and lagged values of these parameters were considered as forcing functions. Generally, NPP and WPR were most strongly affected by water temperature and only weakly related to solar radiation. The duration of nightly aeration was also strongly related to water temperature, although 10-d cumulative feed was an important predictor in one pond. The best predictors of duration of DO below certain threshold values were NPP, WPR and wind run, the importance of which varied depending upon the pond and the threshold value considered. Change in feeding rate from one day to the next was inversely related to feeding rate on the previous day. The results of this analysis suggest that NPP and WPR rates, and the duration of required nightly aeration in commercial catfish ponds are controlled by factors not amenable to practical management control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 27 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A data set describing annual variation of water quality in ten commercial channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus ponds was subjected to exploratory statistical analysis to infer ecological processes affecting pond water quality. Two factors explained 67% of the variation in concentrations of water quality variables. The first factor (Factor 1) explained 49% of the variance and was associated with a large negative loading by total ammonia-nitrogen and large positive loadings by total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, and chlorophyll a. Factor 1 was interpreted with respect to factor loadings to represent the effect of phytoplankton biomass. The second factor (Factor 2) explained an additional 18% of the variance and was associated with a large negative loading by soluble reactive phosphorus and large positive loadings by nitrite-nitrogen and, to a lesser extent, nitrate-nitrogen. Factor 2 was interpreted to be related to variation in pond sediment oxygenation. Although factor analysis indicated the overwhelming effect of phytoplankton biomass on water quality, opportunities for management of phytoplankton communities in large commercial aqua-culture ponds are limited. However, maintenance of an oxidized sediment-water interface may improve water quality by limiting the diffusion of reductant-soluble phosphorus from sediment to water and increasing sediment nitrification rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 25 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 17 (1984), S. 1741-1746 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 30 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Resuspension of particles from pond sediment into the water column may be an important nutrient transfer mechanism in aquaculture ponds. However, the magnitude of sediment re-suspension cannot be determined directly because sediment traps collect particles settling from the water column as well as those re-suspended from the pond bottom. We developed a dilution analysis method to differentiate the magnitude of the two particle source fluxes based upon the concentration of soil-derived elements (Si, Al, and Fe) and water-derived elements (C, N) in material collected by sediment traps placed in earthen ponds. Estimated organic C sedimentation from feed residues and algae was compared with trapped organic C as an independent and approximate measure of resuspension. Resuspension fluxes based independently on analyses of three soil-derived elements and on the estimation of expected C sedimentation were similar and accounted for 60–90% of the total solids flux (121–2,676 g/m2 per d) in most ponds sampled. The proportion of total flux that was derived from resuspension in ponds stocked with common carp Cyprinus carpio and tilapia Oreochromis spp. was modeled as a hyperbolic function of fish size and density, with a threshold fish size of 200–300 g. Resuspension flux was conservatively estimated to be equivalent to the daily suspension of a few mm of the pond bottom. These results indicate that sediment resuspension is a major process in carp and tilapia ponds, suggesting that the exchange of nutrients between the sediment and overlying water is intensive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 31 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract.— The toxicity of substances that vary in toxicity through time (daily) as a function of pH are not effectively assessed with static renewal test methods. A control system to simulate diel pH fluctuation in eutrophic aquaculture ponds was established in a flow-through, wet-laboratory setting. Water (100 L/ min) was conditioned in a packed column of 3.81-cm Pall rings prior to distribution to 48 189-L fish tanks. Control system components included a distributed data acquisition and control system, a personal computer, and various pH control devices. pH values greater than that of influent water (pH 8.0) were achieved by additions of concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions; pH values less than that of influent water were achieved by additions of carbon dioxide gas. Two data acquisition and control software strategies were developed to control pH: one from pH 7.4 to 8.0 and the other from pH 8.0 to 9.6. The basic control strategy involved comparison of a projected pH value to a set point. A moving linear regression was used to forecast the pH value that would result following base or gas addition, and the rate of chemical addition was adjusted accordingly. The system has resulted in acceptable pH control (deviation 〈 0.1 pH unit), indicating the potential utility of a relatively simple control system for evaluation of fish physiological response to the characteristically dynamic environment of eutrophic aquaculture ponds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 22 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of four levels of diffused aeration (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours/day) and two stocking densities (400 and 600 fish/m3) on the culture performance of caged Florida red tilapia were evaluated in 1 m3 cages in a 2 ha watershed pond on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Fish obtained a nutritionally-complete (36% protein), floating feed from demand feeders for 143 to 146 days. Diffused aeration had no significant (P 〉 0.05) effect on fish growth, survival, feed conversion, and production in cages. Combined across all levels of diffused aeration, fish stocked at 400/cage had a greater growth rate (2.21 vs. 1.97 g/day), larger final body weight (370 vs. 335 g), and a lower feed conversion ratio (1.69 vs. 1.80) than fish stocked at 600/cage (P 〈 0.05). The final biomass of fish stocked at the higher density (181 kg/m3) was greater than at the lower density (140 kg/m3). The enhancement of water exchange rates by diffused aeration did not increase tilapia growth rate or production in cages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @journal of modern African studies 2 (1964), S. 279-285 
    ISSN: 0022-278X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Historians sometimes claim to be making their own modest contribution to the African revolution by re-establishing the identity of Africa's pre-colonial past. But it should not be thought that the relevance of their work to modern Africa can end there, nor even that this is the most difficult of the adjustments of perspective which they will need to make. Now that the colonial flags are coming down, European and African historians will need to look back—so far as is humanly possible, without anger—and try to answer the question of how the Europeans came to be there as rulers. (An even more difficult task, still not seriously begun, will be to appraise the lasting historical importance of their rule.)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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