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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of the response of cyanobacteria to salt stress: Deciphering the molecular events (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 96 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cyanobacteria, the only prokaryotes performing oxygemc photosynthesis and probable ancestors of chloroplasts, constitute valuable models for the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in tolerance to high salinity, or to its corollary, drought, a major agricultural problem. The critical demands of cyanobacteria exposed to high salinity, i.e., accumulation of osmoprotectors and extrusion of sodium ions, are met through immediate activation and/or long term (protein synthesis-dependent) adaptation of various processes: (1) uptake and endogenous biosynthesis of osmotica, the nature and amount of which are strain- and salt concentration-dependent; (2) enhancement of P-ATPase activity and active extrusion of sodium ions; (3) probable modifications of membrane lipid composition: and (4) increased energetic capacity, at the level of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (through routes induced under these conditions) and cytochrome c oxidase. The processes involved highlight similarities with general stress responses and with salt stress responses in plants. Deciphering the molecular and genetic events regulating these coordinated responses is presently starting in cyanobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00251.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flavodoxin accumulation contributes to enhanced cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in salt-stressed cells of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 105 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The salt-regulated accumulation of flavodoxin encoded by the isiB gene and its possible function were investigated in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. In Northern blot experiments, a slight increase of the isiB-specific mRNA was observed in salt-shocked and salt-acclimated cells. High levels of flavodoxin protein were detected in cells acclimated to 342 mM NaCl. In order to analyze the function of flavodoxin in cyanobacterial salt acclimation, an insertion null mutant of isiB was constructed. It was possible to adapt this mutant to raised salt concentrations and, as expected, to low iron contents. Salt-acclimated cells of wild type (WT) Synechocystis display increased activity of photosystem I (PSI), primarily used for increased cyclic electron transport capacity (Jeanjean et al. 1993, Plant Cell Physiol 34: 1073–1079). In salt-acclimated cells of the flavodoxin null mutant, the level of cyclic electron flow was lower than in wild type cells. It was concluded that flavodoxin plays a role as an alternative electron carrier, used for cyclic electron flow in salt-treated Synechocystis cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1999.105411.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repression by Fur is not the main mechanism controlling the iron-inducible isiAB operon in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 227 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The iron deficiency-dependent regulation of isiAB transcription in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was analyzed by fusion of modified isiAB promoter fragments to gfp and in vivo quantification of Gfp fluorescence. For the putative Fur box only a slight repressing impact on promoter activity could be shown. In a heteroallelic fur mutant a corresponding incomplete repression of isiAB transcription under iron-replete conditions confirmed the role of Fur in isiAB regulation. However, a 90 bp region upstream of the putative −35 box of the isiAB promoter was essential for full promoter activity under iron-deplete conditions. This pattern indicates a dual promoter regulation by both a repressing mechanism exhibited via the Fur system and an unknown activating mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00689-X
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The iron-regulated isiA gene of Fischerella muscicola strain PCC 73103 is linked to a likewise regulated gene encoding a Pcb-like chlorophyll-binding protein (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 197 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The expression of the chlorophyll a-binding, iron stress-induced protein IsiA is part of the cyanobacterial response to iron deficiency. A new isiA gene from the filamentous heterocystous cyanobacterial strain, Fischerella muscicola PCC 73103, was identified using standard and inverse PCR. While in unicellular cyanobacterial strains isiA is organized in an operon with isiB (encoding flavodoxin), in Fischerella not an isiB gene but another chlorophyll-binding protein encoding gene was identified downstream of isiA, which shows significant similarities to Pcb-like protein encoding genes known from prochlorophytes. The expression of both genes was clearly activated under iron deficiency. Although isiA and pcbC were independently transcribed, the size of the pcbC transcript indicates a large iron-regulated operon. Beside a 10-fold increase of isiA transcript content iron-starved cells of Fischerella showed a blue-shift in the red chlorophyll a absorption peak. In addition, chlorophyll fluorescence at 77 K was dominated by an emission peak at 685 nm. These features are in accordance with the characteristics of IsiA accumulation in iron-starved unicellular cyanobacteria, suggesting identical IsiA function in heterocystous strains in spite of different genetic organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10593.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional analysis of the isiAB operon in salt-stressed cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 169 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Expression of the isiA and isiB genes was analysed in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 grown in high salt or in iron-deficient medium. The detection of a 2.3-knt transcript in Northern blot experiments indicated cotranscription of isiAB in an operon, which was confirmed by reverse transcriptase PCR. The abundance of a monocistronic 1.25-knt isiA-specific mRNA was about 10-fold higher than the dicistronic message. The isiAB-specific transcripts were most abundant in cells adapted to 342 mM NaCl and under iron deficiency. The promoter of the operon was mapped to 211 bp upstream of the translational start. A putative Fur binding site was detected immediately upstream of the GTG start codon. A preliminary transcript of about 0.2 knt was detected in cells grown in conditions in which the isiAB operon was not transcribed. This indicates that a repressor binds to the identified Fur binding site and thus inhibits isiAB transcription under low salt and iron replete conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13336.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations of protein profiles upon shifts in inorganic carbon regime in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 164 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Reversible changes between limiting and high inorganic carbon regimes in Synechocystis PCC6803 maintained overall protein synthesis at a high level. The protein patterns of cells during or after adaptation to these regimes were detected by pulse labelling and identification after one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoreses. Several particular patterns were observed. Proteins specific for either the high or the limiting carbon conditions could be identified. The protein profiles of cells having reached the stationary phase of growth clearly differed from those of their exponentially growing counterparts. Accumulation of Rubisco, the key enzyme of the Calvin cycle, was not modified in the conditions tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13083.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt-dependent protein phosphorylation in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 113 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hyper- and hypo-osmotic salt shocks in the presence of [32P]PO43− led to the appearance and disappearance of several 32P-labelled proteins in vivo within a few minutes. Similar to the in vivo labelling experiments, a 20.5-kDa protein was also more intensely labelled in extracts from salt-shocked cells using [γ-32P]ATP in in vitro labelling experiments. Furthermore, labelling of this and a protein of about 64.4 kDa was induced by adding high amounts of NaCl directly to extracts of control cells in kinase assays. Therefore, changes in the NaCl contents led to alterations of the activity of protein in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, which may be involved in the signal transduction chain sensing changes in the NaCl content of the surrounding medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06515.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of the compatible solutes glucosylglycerol and trehalose by salt-stressed cells of Stenotrophomonas strains (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 243 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this study, physiological processes were analysed, which are involved in salt acclimation of two Stenotrophomonas species, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain DSM 50170 and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila strain DSM 14405. S. maltophilia accumulated trehalose as the only osmolyte, whereas S. rhizophila produced additionally to trehalose glucosylglycerol (GG). The different spectrum and amounts of compatible solutes in these two strains led to differences in terms of their salt tolerance. The human-associated S. maltophilia was able to grow in media containing up to 3% NaCl (w/v). In contrast, S. rhizophila propagated in salinities up to 5% NaCl (w/v). The strain was isolated from the rhizosphere, a microenvironment which is characterised by high and changing salinities. Light microscopic analysis of S. rhizophila cells showed a significant increase in cell length of salt-treated cells in comparison to control cells. Cells of S. rhizophila exposed to more than 2% NaCl excreted GG into the medium during the transition from exponential to stationary growth phase, while the internal trehalose pool remained constant. This feature offers a high potential for the biotechnological production of GG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.12.005
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt effects on 77K fluorescence and photosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 71 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Salt loading of 314 mmol l−1 NaCl led to optimal growth and photosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. In 77K fluorescence emission spectroscopy a new peak was found at 660 nm in salt adapted cells, in addition to the peaks of chlorophyll-a at fluorescence levels (F) 685 and 725 nm. Futhermore the ratios of F685/F725 and of photosystem 2/photosystem 1 are reduced in salt loaded cells in comparison to control cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb03817.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection and characterization of mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 unable to tolerate high salt concentrations (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 158 (1992), S. 429-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Glucosylglycerol ; Random cartridge mutagenesis ; Salt tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 unable to tolerate high salt concentrations were generated using random cartridge mutagenesis. Analysis of the phenotypes revealed that the salt sensitivity of one mutant (6803/143) is caused by a block in the synthesis of the osmoprotective substance glucosylglycerol, while in the two other mutants no physiological defect could be detected which was responsible for the loss of salt tolerance. Southern hybridization analyses and cloning of the integration sites of the resistance marker demonstrated that different genes are affected in each of the three mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276304
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