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  • 1
    Call number: M 99.0387
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XXIV, 535 S.
    ISBN: 3540611282
    Classification:
    Sedimentology
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die organo-chemische Zusammensetzung von Kohlenwasserstoffen, die in Erzmineralen vom Typus Bleiberg and in authigenen Quarzen des Drauzuges (Ostalpen) eingeschlossen sind, wurde durch gaschromatographische and fluoreszenzmikroskopische Untersuchungen charakterisiert. Mikrothermometrische Daten und die molekulare Zusammensetzung dieser Kohlenwasserstoffphasen weisen auf migrierende kondensatartige Kohlenwasserstoffe in den Sedimenten der Obertrias während des Zeitraumes zwischen der Mittelkreide und dem Alttertiär hin. In Erzmineralen der Pb-Zn-Vererzungen vom Bleiberg-Typ können Kohlenwasserstoffe nachgewiesen werden deren molekulare Zusammensetzung dem Chemismus von Kohlenwasserstoffen, die in authigenen Quarzen eingeschlossen wurden, entspricht. Es wird vermutet, daß diese Kohlenwasserstoffe während der späten Vererzungsphase als Reduktanten wirkten.
    Notes: Summary Hydrocarbons in ore minerals of Bleiberg-type Pb-Zn deposits and in authigenic quartz of the Drau Range (Eastern Alps) have been analysed by bulk-sample gas chromatography and fluorescence microscopy. Microthermometric data and the molecular composition of the hydrocarbons indicate a hot (120° to 130°C) pulse of migrating condensate-like hydrocarbons within Late Triassic sediments during Middle Cretaceous to Early Tertiary times. The molecular composition of hydrocarbons enclosed in authigenic quartz corresponds to the composition of hydrocarbons trapped in Bleiberg-type ore minerals, therefore a common fluid source is assumed. The hydrocarbons possibly played an important role as reducing agents in the late stage of sulfide precipitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Organic Geochemistry 22 (1994), S. 461-476 
    ISSN: 0146-6380
    Keywords: Bakken in-source reservoir ; MSSV ; early gas generation ; gas adsorption ; isotope ratios of gas ; pyrolysis ; thermovaporization
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0146-6380
    Keywords: 4-methylsteroids ; Green River Formation ; Washakie Basin ; alkaline/freshwater lakes ; high-wax crude oil ; kerogen formation ; kinetics ; lacustrine source rocks ; oleanane ; sequence stratigraphy
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 20 (1991), S. 125-139 
    ISSN: 0165-2370
    Keywords: Biopolymer ; dammar ; gas chromatography ; mass spectrometry ; pyrolysis ; resin.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 20 (1991), S. 107-123 
    ISSN: 0165-2370
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; kerogen ; microscale sealed vessel pyrolysis ; pyrolysis ; shale.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 78 (1989), S. 361-373 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A micro-analytical technique has been developed for artifically maturing sedimentary organic matter and then quantifying the major components generated during this process in a single analytical step. Such a capability is well-suited for examining the compositional relationships between kerogens and petroleums, determining reaction kinetics and making precursor-product mass balances. According to this technique, simulations are made using sealed glass capillary tubes (heated here for three days at 300 °C, 330 °C and 350 °C). Pyrolysis products are then released directly into a combined thermovaporisation/pyrolysis-GC instrument and the major components of the entire C1 yto C35 range can be quantified in a single step using gas chromatography. Alkene yields are very low and pyrolysates are oil-like. This is exemplified by the fact that then−C9−C19 alkane distribution range of simulated whole petroleum chromatograms, from originally immatureGloeocapsamorpha-typz alginite A, resembles that seen in crude oils generated from this same kerogen type in nature. Sealed tube experiments usingBotryococcus type alginite A generated a »high wax« pyrolysate. The relative abundance ofn-alkanes in the C2−C32 range of many kerogen pyrolysates does not appear to change significantly despite an approximately fifteen-fold difference inn-alkane yield between the 300 °C and 350 °C experiments. Kerogens which are »paraffinic« oil-prone, and whose pyrolysates are very rich inn-alkanes might therefore generate petroleums in nature with a fixed wet gas (C2-C4) to oil (C5+) ratio. Alginite B in a Greenland shale is much more thermally labile than eitherBotryococcus-type alginite A orGloeocapsamorpha-type alginite A. The mass balance capabilities of the technique have been tested using Alum Shale kerogen. Two gas chromatograms were obtained, one for the free compounds generated during simulation, and one for the high temperature pyrolysate of the kerogen residue, for each heating experiment. Precursor-product relationships were qualitatively assessed, and dead carbon formation was quantified in this exercise.
    Abstract: Résumé Les auteurs présentent une technique micro-analytique qui comporte la maturation artificielle de la matière organique sédimentaire suivie du dosage des composants majeurs ainsi engendrés. Dans le cadre de ce procédé, on réalise des simulations dans des tubes capillaires en verre, après quoi les produits de la pyrolyse sont libérés directement dans un instrument combiné de thermovaporisation/hydrolyse-GC et les composants majeurs de la lignée complète C1 à C35 peuvent être dosés en une seule opération de Chromatographie en phase gazeuse. De cette manière, la caractérisation du kérogène et l'estimation du potentiel de la rochemère sont grandement facilitées dans la mesure où les relations des produits précurseurs sont soigneusement établies et où il est possible de calculer les paramètres chimico-cinétiques pour des composants isolés, pour des groupes de composants et/ou les domaines de température où se situent les points d'ébullition. Ces procedures sont en accord avec celles des techniques macroscopiques (p.ex l'hydro-pyrolyse), mais l'avantage de l'approche microanalytique réside dans le fait que les résultats géochimiques sont obtenus plus rapidement et plus aisément et qu'il est possible de traiter de très petits échantillons. Enfin, nonobstant ses avantages propres, l'approche micro-analytique peut être utilisée à la sélection d'échantillons destinés à des simulations détaillées et laborieuses à l'échelle macroscopique.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine mikro-analytische Methode zur künstlichen Reifung sedimentärer organischer Substanz konnte entwickelt werden. Dabei werden die Hauptkomponenten, die während des Vorgangs freigesetzt werden, quantitativ erfaßt. Grundlagen dieser Methode sind Simulationen mit kapillaren Glasröhren, nach welchen die Pyrolyse-Produkte direkt in ein kombiniertes Thermovaporation/Pyrolyse-GC Instrument freigesetzt werden. Mit Hilfe der Gas-Chromatographie können in einem einzigen Schritt die Hauptkomponenten der gesamten C1 bis C35 Spannbreite quantitativ erfaßt werden. Kerogen-Typisierung und Abschätzung des Muttergesteinspotentials werden stark vereinfacht, wenn die Verhältnisse der Vorläufer-Produkte sorgfältig bestimmt und die chemisch-kinetischen Parameter für einzelne Komponenten, Komponentengruppen und/oder Siedepunktbereiche berechnet werden. Diese Anwendung stimmt mit Techniken im Makro-Bereich (z. B. Hydro-Pyrolyse) überein, aber die Vorteile der Annäherung im Mikro-Bereich liegen darin, daß geochemische Informationen schneller und bequemer gewonnen werden können und sehr kleine Probenmengen ausreichen. Ferner kann neben der Möglichkeit der singulären Anwendung die Annäherung im Mikro-Bereich dazu verwendet werden, Proben für detailierte und Labor-intensive Simulationen im Makro-Bereich effizient auszuwählen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 342 (1989), S. 529-531 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Like other major constituents of crude oils, the H-alkanes are thought to be derived mainly from the thermal degradation of kerogen, the macromolecular organic material in sediments that is insoluble in common organic solvents1'4. Despite numerous studies in recent decades, many uncertainties ...
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-09-12
    Description: We report on geochemical and petrophysical properties of shales from the Prince Albert, Whitehill and Collingham Formations of the Lower Karoo Supergroup, near Jansenville in the Eastern Cape, close to the tectonic front of the Cape Fold Belt. Results are based on two boreholes sited on a southerly dipping limb of a shallowly plunging syncline. Structural, sedimentological, lithological, mineralogical, geochemical and petrophysical analyses provide detailed characteristics that have become the focus of interest for potential shale gas occurrences. The black shales of the Whitehill Formation are composed of quartz, illite, muscovite and chlorite, with lesser plagioclase and accessary pyrite. The Collingham Formation rocks have the largest proportion of quartz, which gives this formation a higher brittleness factor than that of the Prince Albert and Whitehill formations. Mercury porosimetry analyses yield average meso- and macroporosity values of 0.83% for black shales of the Whitehill Formation, confirming that these sediments are tightly packed. Layers of dolomite within the shales have porosities of 2.9%, and pores measuring 1.5 m wide. The black shales of the Whitehill Formation have an average total organic carbon (TOC) content of 4.5 weight % whereas the TOC content of shales in the Collingham and Prince Albert Formations is 〈1 weight %. The elemental composition and relatively higher 13 C and 15 N stable isotope values suggest that the Whitehill Formation was deposited under anoxic conditions, which led to the preservation of the mixed marine and terrestrial organic matter, whereas the Prince Albert and the Collingham Formations were deposited under oxidizing conditions. High maximum temperature values (Tmax average: 528°C), low overall hydrogen and oxygen index values (all from Rock Eval analyses) and high reflectance measurements on bitumen (BR o = 4%) characterise these sedimentary rocks as over mature. As a consequence, they display few hydrocarbon yields in pyrolysis and thermovaporization experiments, and offer a minor late-gas potential. The main characteristics of black shales in the study area indicate that their overmaturity with respect to hosting gas deposits is attributed to the tectono-metamorphic overprinting during the Cape Orogeny (ca. 250 Ma, Hälbich, 1993 ; Hansma et al., 2015 ). Rocks of the lower Karoo Supergroup outcropping within the area flanking the northern tectonic margin of the Cape Fold Belt therefore have limited potential for hosting shale gas deposits. This finding has implications for estimates of potential shale gas resources of the Karoo Basin.
    Print ISSN: 1012-0750
    Topics: Geosciences
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