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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Management of Biological Invasions 7 (2016): 131-139, doi:10.3391/mbi.2016.7.2.01.
    Description: In a world where invasive alien species (IAS) are recognised as one of the major threats to biodiversity, leading scientists from five continents have come together to propose the concept of developing an international association for open knowledge and open data on IAS—termed “INVASIVESNET”. This new association will facilitate greater understanding and improved management of invasive alien species (IAS) and biological invasions globally, by developing a sustainable network of networks for effective knowledge exchange. In addition to their inclusion in the CBD Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, the increasing ecological, social, cultural and economic impacts associated with IAS have driven the development of multiple legal instruments and policies. This increases the need for greater co-ordination, co-operation, and information exchange among scientists, management, the community of practice and the public. INVASIVESNET will be formed by linking new and existing networks of interested stakeholders including international and national expert working groups and initiatives, individual scientists, database managers, thematic open access journals, environmental agencies, practitioners, managers, industry, non-government organisations, citizens and educational bodies. The association will develop technical tools and cyberinfrastructure for the collection, management and dissemination of data and information on IAS; create an effective communication platform for global stakeholders; and promote coordination and collaboration through international meetings, workshops, education, training and outreach. To date, the sustainability of many strategic national and international initiatives on IAS have unfortunately been hampered by time-limited grants or funding cycles. Recognising that IAS initiatives need to be globally coordinated and on-going, we aim to develop a sustainable knowledge sharing association to connect the outputs of IAS research and to inform the consequential management and societal challenges arising from IAS introductions. INVASIVESNET will provide a dynamic and enduring network of networks to ensure the continuity of connections among the IAS community of practice, science and management.
    Description: This article is supported by COST Action TD1209 Alien Challenge.F.E. Lucy, J. Caffrey and J.T.A. Dick are supported by the Irish EPA Research grant 2015-NC-MS-4: Prevention, control and eradication of invasive alien species. J. Canning-Clode was supported by a starting grant in the framework of the 2014 FCT Investigator Programme (IF/01606/2014/CP1230/CT0001). J.R.S. Vitule and S.M. Thomaz are supported by Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) grants.
    Keywords: Knowledge flows ; Network of networks ; Sustainable ; IAS management ; Communication platform
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 24 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. The impact of crayfish on the biomass, density and shoot morphology of four submersed plant species was examined under semi-natural conditions. Male or female crayfish (Orconectes virilis) were held for 5 weeks at biomasses of 0, 5, 10 or 18 g m−2 (live weight) in twelve plastic pools (4.67 m2, surface area) containing Potamogeton richardsonii, Myriophyllum exalbescens, Nuphar variegatum and Sparganium eurycarpum.2. Crayfish significantly affected biomass, density and/or shoot morphology of all four macrophyte species. Differences in the effect of crayfish on macrophyte growth were related to plant species, crayfish sex and activity, and the abundance of alternative foods.3. The effect of female crayfish on macrophyte growth was generally stimulatory. Myriophyllum and Potamogeton biomass, Potamogeton density and Myriophyllum length increased in the presence of female crayfish, possibly due to the reduction in herbivorous snails as a result of crayfish predation. In contrast, plant growth decreased in the presence of male crayfish: Myriophyllum, Nuphar and Potamogeton biomass, Myriophyllum and Sparganium density, and Sparganium and Poiamogeton length were reduced at male crayfish biomasses between 5 and 18 g m−2.4. These results indicate that even relatively low densities of crayfish can greatly affect the growth of submersed aquatic plants. Because of their ability to modify aquatic macrophyte, macroinvertebrate and, ultimately, fish communities, the introduction of crayfish into lakes where they do not occur could have a major effect on the structure and composition of the littoral zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 24 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. The impact of crayfish predation on the abundance of macroinvertebrates was examined under semi-natural conditions. Female (Experiment 1) or male (Experiment 2) crayfish (Orconectes virilis) were held for 5 weeks in twelve small pools (4.67 m2 surface area) at biomasses of 0. 5, 10 or 18 g m−2 (live weight). The pools were stocked with known densities of macroinvertebrates.2. Crayfish significantly affected the abundance of macroinvertebrates in the pools. Differences in the effects of crayfish on macroinvertebrates were related to crayfish sex, the presence of age-0 crayfish, and the species of macroinvertebrate.3. The abundance of snails (Stagnicola elodes and Physa gyrina) was greatly reduced, in comparison with controls, by biomass of female crayfish ≥10 g m−2 and by biomasses of male crayfish ≥5 g m−2. The total density of non-molluscan invertebrates was inversely correlated with the biomass of female crayfish but the total biomass of non-molluscan invertebrates did not differ between treatments. This is consistent with our observation that small invertebrates (〈2 mg wet weight) were less numerous, and large amphipods (32–64 mg) were more numerous, in pools stocked with female crayfish. In contrast, male crayfish had little apparent effect on the abundance of non-molluscan invertebrates.4. Age-0 crayfish hatched at the end of Experiment 1 and were present in each pool at the start of Experiment 2. Surprisingly, male crayfish preyed little on age-0 crayfish. At the end of Experiment 2, the densities of age-0 crayfish varied between six and 116 individuals m−2 and there was a strong inverse correlation between the mean biomass and density of age-0 crayfish recovered from the pools. This suggests age-0 crayfish were food limited in the pools and may explain the dominance of oligochaetes (which largely escape predation by burrowing) in the invertebrate community at the end of Experiment 2.5. These results indicate that even relatively low densities of crayfish could greatly affect the abundance of macroinvertebrates in lakes. The introduction of crayfish into lakes (most lakes in Alberta currently have no crayfish) could substantially affect abundance and species composition of the macroinvertebrate community and, ultimately, the fish populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 24 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1 Macroinvertebrates (〉0.1 mg, fresh weight) were collected every 2 weeks for 18 weeks from weedbeds dominated by either the macroalga Chara or rooted plants (mostly Isoetes sp., Potamogeton filiformis, Nuphar variegatum and Myriophyllum exalbescens) in Narrow Lake, Alberta, Canada. Significant differences in total biomass, taxonomic composition, and size-structure of the macroinvertebrate community were found between the two weedbed types.2 Total biomass of macroinvertebrates in the Chara beds (seasonal mean 26.4 g m−2) was consistently higher than in the rooted-plant weedbeds (seasonal mean 7.6 g m−2).3 The macroinvertebrate community of the Chara beds was dominated by chironomids, anisopterans, gastropods and sphaerid clams whereas amphipods dominated the community in the rooted-plant weedbeds.4 On average, the proportion of total biomass in the various size-classes (biomass size-spectrum) of the macroinvertebrate community in Chara beds varied very little between 1 and 512 mg. In rooted plant weedbeds, the spectrum showed a strong peak in the 4–8 mg size-class, a weak peak in the 32–64 mg size-class, and proportionately low biomass in the 128–256 mg and 256–512 mg size-classes. The slope of the normalized size-spectrum for the macroinvertebrate community of the Chara beds (-0.89) was significantly different from that of the rooted plant community (-1.11). The biomass of large organisms (〉64 mg) was 10 times greater in the Chara beds than in the rooted-plant weedbeds.5 The species composition of aquatic macrophyte beds can greatly influence the abundance, taxonomic composition, and size-structure of the littoral zone macroinvertebrate community. Therefore, any changes in plant species composition of weedbeds, through introduction of exotic plant species or introduction (or loss) of an efficient grazer (e.g. crayfish), have the potential to alter greatly the structure of the macroinvertebrate community in a lake, with unknown consequences to fish and waterfowl dependent upon these prey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 19 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. Unionid clams from Narrow Lake, Alberta, were collected to quantify the natural variation in growth, to assess the natural variation in abundance, age and size distribution, and growth with water depth in the lake, and to conduct in situ experiments to directly test the effects of water depth (temperature) and clam abundance on clam growth.2. The unionid clam, Anodonta grandis simpsoniana, showed wide variation in length at a given age. There were no significant differences in growth between clams collected at 1,3, 5, and 7m depths in the lake despite marked differences in water temperature. The wide variation in clam biomass within each depth zone may have masked possible effects of water depth.3. The effect of water depth and variation in clam density on clam growth was tested directly by stocking clams into small enclosures at densities equivalent to 50, 150, 250, 350 and 450g m-2 (live weight) at each of 1, 3, 5 and 7 m depths in Narrow Lake (each depth and abundance treatment in triplicate). A uniform sandy substrate was used in all enclosures to eliminate any possible effect of substrate type on growth.4. Mortality was negligible (0.9%) during the experiment. Clam density had no significant effect on clam growth which suggests that clam growth was not food limited in the lake.5. Clams reared at 7 m grew more slowly than clams reared at 1, 3 and 5 m. Clams reared at 5 m grew more slowly than clams reared at 1 and 3m. Growth of clams reared at 1 and 3m did not differ. These differences in growth were strongly correlated with the measured differences in water temperature between depths.6. Migration between depths probably accounts for the lack of a depth effect on clams growing in the natural habitat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2007-02-02
    Print ISSN: 1386-2588
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5125
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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