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  • 1
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    Transient expression shows ligand gating and allosteric potentiation of GABAA receptor subunits (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-02
    Description: Human gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor subunits were expressed transiently in cultured mammalian cells. This expression system allows the simultaneous characterization of ligand-gated ion channels by electrophysiology and by pharmacology. Thus, coexpression of the alpha and beta subunits of the GABAA receptor generated GABA-gated chloride channels and binding sites for GABAA receptor ligands. Channels consisting of only alpha or beta subunits could also be detected. These homomeric channels formed with reduced efficiencies compared to the heteromeric receptors. Both of these homomeric GABA-responsive channels were potentiated by barbiturate, indicating that sites for both ligand-gating and allosteric potentiation are present on receptors assembled from either subunit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pritchett, D B -- Sontheimer, H -- Gorman, C M -- Kettenmann, H -- Seeburg, P H -- Schofield, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 2;242(4883):1306-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, ZMBH, University of Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2848320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Blotting, Northern ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Electric Conductivity ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Muscimol/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Brain cancer: Tumour cells on neighbourhood watch (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sontheimer, Harald -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 3;528(7580):49-50. doi: 10.1038/nature15649. Epub 2015 Nov 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Glial Biology in Health, Disease &Cancer Center, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26536108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytoma/*pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/*pathology ; Gap Junctions/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane-Associated Sodium Channels and Cytoplasmic Precursors in Glial Cells (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 633 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb15619.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell Coupling Is Restricted to Subpopulations of Astrocytes Cultured from Rat Hippocampus and Optic Nerve (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 633 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb15672.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence and expression of human GABA"A receptor α1 and β1 subunits
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 244 (1989), S. 361-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: (Human brain) ; Electrophysiology ; Ligand-gated ion channel ; cDNA cloning ; γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptor
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(89)80563-0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular studies of the GABAA receptor (1989)
    Springer
    The protein journal 8 (1989), S. 352-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01674275
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscarinic Activation of BK Channels Induces Membrane Oscillations in Glioma Cells and Leads to Inhibition of Cell Migration (2000)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 176 (2000), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: BK channels — Muscarine — Acetylcholine — Calcium — Migration — Tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Patients with cerebral tumors often present with elevated levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in their cerebrospinal fluid. This motivated us to investigate physiological effects of ACh on cultured human astrocytoma cells (U373) using a combination of videomicroscopy, calcium microspectrofluorimetry and perforated patch-clamp recording. Astrocytoma cells exhibited the typical morphological changes associated with cell migration; polarized cells displayed prominent lamellipodia and associated membrane ruffling at the anterior of the cell, and a long tail region that periodically contracted into the cell body as the cell moved forward. Bath application of the ACh receptor agonist, muscarine, reversibly inhibited cell migration. In conjunction with this inhibition, ACh induced a dose-dependent, biphasic increase in resting intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+] i ) associated with periodic Ca2+ oscillations during prolonged ACh applications. The early transient rise in [Ca2+] i was abolished by ionomycin and thapsigargin but was insensitive to caffeine and ryanodine while the plateau phase was strictly dependent on external calcium. The Ca2+ response to ACh was mimicked by muscarine and abolished by the muscarinic antagonists, atropine or 4-DAMP, but not by pirenzepine. Using perforated patch-clamp recordings combined with fluorescent imaging, we demonstrated that ACh-induced [Ca2+] i oscillations triggered membrane voltage oscillations that were due to the activation of voltage-dependent, Ca2+-sensitive K+ currents. These K+ currents were blocked by intracellular injection of EGTA, or by extracellular application of TEA, quinine, or charybdotoxin, but not by apamin. These studies suggest that activation of muscarinic receptors on glioma cells induce the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores which in turn activate Ca2+-dependent (BK-type) K+ channels. Furthermore, this effect was associated with inhibition of cell migration, suggesting an interaction of this pathway with glioma cell migration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00232001073
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Passive Glial Cells, Fact or Artifact? (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 166 (1998), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Patch-clamp — Slices — Astrocyte — Voltage-activated channels — Potassium current
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Astrocytes that are recorded in acute tissue slices of rat hippocampus using whole-cell patch-clamp, commonly exhibit voltage-activated Na+ and K+ currents. Some reports have described astrocytes that appear to lack voltage-activated currents and proposed that these cells constitute a subpopulation of electrophysiologically passive astrocytes. We show here that these cells can spontaneously change during a recording unmasking expression of previously suppressed voltage-activated currents, suggesting that such cells do not represent a subpopulation of passive astrocytes. Superfusion of a low Ca2+/EGTA solution was able to reversibly suppress voltage-activated K+ currents in cultured astrocytes. Currents were restored upon addition of normal bath Ca2+. These effects of Ca2+ on both outward and inward K+ currents were dose- and time-dependent, with increasing concentrations of Ca2+ (from 0 to 800 μm) leading to a gradual unmasking of voltage-dependent outward and inward K+ currents. The transition from an apparently passive cell to one exhibiting prominent voltage-activated currents was not associated with any changes in membrane capacitance or access resistance. By contrast, in cells in which low access resistance or poor seal accounted for the absence of voltage-activated currents, improvement of cell access was always accompanied by changes in series resistance and membrane capacitance. We propose that spillage of pipette solution containing low Ca2+/EGTA during cell approach in slice recordings and/or poor cell access, lead to a transient masking of voltage-activated currents even in astrocytes that express prominent voltage-activated currents. These cells, however, do not constitute a subpopulation of electrophysiologically passive astrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900463
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Summen- und Gruppenparameter als Maß für die Belastung eines Gewässers mit organischen Stoffen, dargestellt am Beispiel des Rheins (1986)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 324 (1986), S. 225-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00487869
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Messung der Aufeisenung im Trinkwasser - Ein neues Verfahren zur Beurteilung von Deckschichten in schwarzen Stahlrohren (1983)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 34 (1983), S. 107-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurement of iron-pickup by potable water - A new method for the assessment of surface layers in black steel pipingRed water in drinking water distribution systems causes problems for the water companies because of the consumers pretension to get drinking water of high quality. The corrosion products in the water are normally iron compounds, which arise from the corrosion process and diffuse through the surface layer into the aqueous phase. With the proposed method, the increase of the iron concentration in the water and parallel the corrosion rate, by the determination of the differential oxygen demand, is measured. This allows to make direct statements with regard to the protective qualities of the surface layer.
    Notes: Das Aufteten von Rostwasser bei der Verteilung von Trinkwasser in Rohrleitungen aus ungeschützten Eisenwerkstoffen gehört zu den Korrosionsproblemen, die im Gegensatz stehen zu dem Anspruch des Verbrauchers auf ein qualitative hochwertiges Trinkwasser. Die Ursachen für diesen Korrosionsschaden sind in der Qualität der sich an der Rohrinnenwandung aufbauenden Deckschicht zu suchen. Mit der hier beschriebenen Methode zur Messung der Aufeisenung wird ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, das in Verbindung mit der parallel über die Sauerstoffdifferenzmessung zu bestimmenden Korrosionsrate eine direkte Beurteilung der Deckschichtqualitäten hinsichtlich ihrer schützenden Eigenschaften ermöglicht.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19830340304
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