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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-01-10
    Description: We investigate the effects of temporal laser profile on the emission spectra of laser ablation plasma in water. We use short-interval (76 ns) double pulses with different pulse durations of the composing two pulses for the irradiation of underwater target. Narrow atomic spectral lines in emission spectra are obtained by the irradiation, where the two pulses are wide enough to be merged into a single-pulse-like temporal profile, while deformed spectra are obtained when the two pulses are fully separated. The behavior of the atomic spectral lines for the different pulse durations is consistent with that of the temporal profiles of the optical emission intensities of the plasma. All these results suggest that continuous excitation of the plasma during the laser irradiation for ∼100 ns is a key to obtain narrow emission spectral lines.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-01-21
    Description: Analytical Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/ac503737c
    Print ISSN: 0003-2700
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6882
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-07-21
    Description: Electrodeposition of gold into porous silicon was investigated. In the present study, porous silicon with ~100 nm in pore diameter, so-called medium-sized pores, was used as template electrode for gold electrodeposition. The growth behavior of gold deposits was studied by scanning electron microscope observation of the gold deposited porous silicon. Gold nanorod arrays with different rod lengths were prepared, and their surface-enhanced Raman scattering properties were investigated. We found that the absorption peak due to the surface plasmon resonance can be tuned by changing the length of the nanorods. The optimum length of the gold nanorods was ~600 nm for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using a He-Ne laser. The reason why the optimum length of the gold nanorods was 600 nm was discussed by considering the relationship between the absorption peak of surface plasmon resonance and the wavelength of the incident laser for Raman scattering.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1944
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-05-20
    Description: YVO 4 :Bi 3+ ,Eu 3+ nanoparticles were prepared by the wet chemical synthesis in various concentrations of sodium citrate, 15 ≤ x cit ≤ 90, where x cit is the nominal molar percentage of citrate relative to the sum of metallic ions, Y 3+ , Bi 3+ , and Eu 3+ . Mean primary particle size and mean hydrodynamic size in the aqueous colloidal solution have minimum values, 21 and 36 nm, respectively, for the sample prepared at x cit = 50 mol%. The transparency of the aqueous colloidal solution in the visible region increases with decreasing the mean hydrodynamic size, and hence the sample prepared at x cit = 50 mol% shows the highest transparency. YVO 4 :Bi 3+ ,Eu 3+ nanophosphor synthesized by the citrate route shows the photobleaching behavior, i.e., the decrease in photoluminescence intensity under the continuous irradiation of ex...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: Rickettsia conorii is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes Mediterranean spotted fever in humans. We determined the 1,268,755-nucleotide complete genome sequence of R. conorii, containing 1374 open reading frames. This genome exhibits 804 of the 834 genes of the previously determined R. prowazekii genome plus 552 supplementary open reading frames and a 10-fold increase in the number of repetitive elements. Despite these differences, the two genomes exhibit a nearly perfect colinearity that allowed the clear identification of different stages of gene alterations with gene remnants and 37 genes split in 105 fragments, of which 59 are transcribed. A 38-kilobase sequence inversion was dated shortly after the divergence of the genus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ogata, H -- Audic, S -- Renesto-Audiffren, P -- Fournier, P E -- Barbe, V -- Samson, D -- Roux, V -- Cossart, P -- Weissenbach, J -- Claverie, J M -- Raoult, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2093-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Information Genetique & Structurale, CNRS-AVENTIS UMR 1889, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Chlamydia/genetics ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA, Intergenic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Silencing ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Rickettsia/genetics ; Rickettsia conorii/*genetics/physiology ; Rickettsia prowazekii/*genetics/physiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2000-10-13
    Description: Rickettsia conorii, the aetiological agent of Mediterranean spotted fever, is an intracellular bacterium transmitted by ticks. Preliminary analyses of the nearly complete genome sequence of R. conorii have revealed 44 occurrences of a previously undescribed palindromic repeat (150 base pairs long) throughout the genome. Unexpectedly, this repeat was found inserted in-frame within 19 different R. conorii open reading frames likely to encode functional proteins. We found the same repeat in proteins of other Rickettsia species. The finding of a mobile element inserted in many unrelated genes suggests the potential role of selfish DNA in the creation of new protein sequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ogata, H -- Audic, S -- Barbe, V -- Artiguenave, F -- Fournier, P E -- Raoult, D -- Claverie, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 13;290(5490):347-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Information Genetique & Structurale, CNRS-AVENTIS UMR 1889, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11030655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Bacterial/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Bacterial ; *Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Open Reading Frames/*genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Rickettsia/*genetics ; Rickettsia conorii/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2010-04-02
    Description: Adiponectin is an anti-diabetic adipokine. Its receptors possess a seven-transmembrane topology with the amino terminus located intracellularly, which is the opposite of G-protein-coupled receptors. Here we provide evidence that adiponectin induces extracellular Ca(2+) influx by adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), which was necessary for subsequent activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta (CaMKKbeta), AMPK and SIRT1, increased expression and decreased acetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), and increased mitochondria in myocytes. Moreover, muscle-specific disruption of AdipoR1 suppressed the adiponectin-mediated increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, and decreased the activation of CaMKK, AMPK and SIRT1 by adiponectin. Suppression of AdipoR1 also resulted in decreased PGC-1alpha expression and deacetylation, decreased mitochondrial content and enzymes, decreased oxidative type I myofibres, and decreased oxidative stress-detoxifying enzymes in skeletal muscle, which were associated with insulin resistance and decreased exercise endurance. Decreased levels of adiponectin and AdipoR1 in obesity may have causal roles in mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance seen in diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iwabu, Masato -- Yamauchi, Toshimasa -- Okada-Iwabu, Miki -- Sato, Koji -- Nakagawa, Tatsuro -- Funata, Masaaki -- Yamaguchi, Mamiko -- Namiki, Shigeyuki -- Nakayama, Ryo -- Tabata, Mitsuhisa -- Ogata, Hitomi -- Kubota, Naoto -- Takamoto, Iseki -- Hayashi, Yukiko K -- Yamauchi, Naoko -- Waki, Hironori -- Fukayama, Masashi -- Nishino, Ichizo -- Tokuyama, Kumpei -- Ueki, Kohjiro -- Oike, Yuichi -- Ishii, Satoshi -- Hirose, Kenzo -- Shimizu, Takao -- Touhara, Kazushige -- Kadowaki, Takashi -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1313-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08991. Epub 2010 Mar 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20357764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Adiponectin/*metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Glucose/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Muscle Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/cytology/metabolism ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Receptors, Adiponectin/deficiency/*metabolism ; Sirtuin 1/*metabolism ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: We recently reported the discovery and preliminary characterization of Mimivirus, the largest known virus, with a 400-nanometer particle size comparable to mycoplasma. Mimivirus is a double-stranded DNA virus growing in amoebae. We now present its 1,181,404-base pair genome sequence, consisting of 1262 putative open reading frames, 10% of which exhibit a similarity to proteins of known functions. In addition to exceptional genome size, Mimivirus exhibits many features that distinguish it from other nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses. The most unexpected is the presence of numerous genes encoding central protein-translation components, including four amino-acyl transfer RNA synthetases, peptide release factor 1, translation elongation factor EF-TU, and translation initiation factor 1. The genome also exhibits six tRNAs. Other notable features include the presence of both type I and type II topoisomerases, components of all DNA repair pathways, many polysaccharide synthesis enzymes, and one intein-containing gene. The size and complexity of the Mimivirus genome challenge the established frontier between viruses and parasitic cellular organisms. This new sequence data might help shed a new light on the origin of DNA viruses and their role in the early evolution of eukaryotes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raoult, Didier -- Audic, Stephane -- Robert, Catherine -- Abergel, Chantal -- Renesto, Patricia -- Ogata, Hiroyuki -- La Scola, Bernard -- Suzan, Marie -- Claverie, Jean-Michel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1344-50. Epub 2004 Oct 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite des Rickettsies, Faculte de Medecine, CNRS UMR6020, Universite de la Mediterranee, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France. Didier.Raoult@medecine.univ-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acanthamoeba/virology ; Animals ; Base Composition ; Computational Biology ; DNA Repair/genetics ; DNA Topoisomerases/genetics ; DNA Viruses/classification/*genetics/metabolism ; DNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics ; Enzymes/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Viral ; *Genome, Viral ; Inteins ; Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Folding ; Proteome ; RNA, Transfer/analysis ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-11-01
    Description: Adiponectin secreted from adipocytes binds to adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, and exerts antidiabetic effects via activation of AMPK and PPAR-alpha pathways, respectively. Levels of adiponectin in plasma are reduced in obesity, which causes insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Thus, orally active small molecules that bind to and activate AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 could ameliorate obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Here we report the identification of orally active synthetic small-molecule AdipoR agonists. One of these compounds, AdipoR agonist (AdipoRon), bound to both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in vitro. AdipoRon showed very similar effects to adiponectin in muscle and liver, such as activation of AMPK and PPAR-alpha pathways, and ameliorated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet, which was completely obliterated in AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 double-knockout mice. Moreover, AdipoRon ameliorated diabetes of genetically obese rodent model db/db mice, and prolonged the shortened lifespan of db/db mice on a high-fat diet. Thus, orally active AdipoR agonists such as AdipoRon are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okada-Iwabu, Miki -- Yamauchi, Toshimasa -- Iwabu, Masato -- Honma, Teruki -- Hamagami, Ken-ichi -- Matsuda, Koichi -- Yamaguchi, Mamiko -- Tanabe, Hiroaki -- Kimura-Someya, Tomomi -- Shirouzu, Mikako -- Ogata, Hitomi -- Tokuyama, Kumpei -- Ueki, Kohjiro -- Nagano, Tetsuo -- Tanaka, Akiko -- Yokoyama, Shigeyuki -- Kadowaki, Takashi -- England -- Nature. 2013 Nov 28;503(7477):493-9. doi: 10.1038/nature12656. Epub 2013 Oct 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [2] Department of Integrated Molecular Science on Metabolic Diseases, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [3] Department of Molecular Medicinal Sciences on Metabolic Regulation, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [4].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24172895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylate Kinase/metabolism ; Adiponectin/metabolism/pharmacology ; Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/*drug therapy/metabolism/prevention & ; control ; Diet, High-Fat ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Dyslipidemias/drug therapy ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Glucose Intolerance/drug therapy ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Insulin Resistance ; Liver/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Longevity/*drug effects ; Mice ; Mitochondria/drug effects/metabolism ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology/drug effects ; Muscles/cytology ; Obesity/complications/drug therapy/genetics/*physiopathology ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; PPAR alpha/metabolism ; Piperidines/administration & dosage/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Adiponectin/*agonists/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry ; Transcription Factors/biosynthesis ; Triglycerides/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-06-14
    Description: Coccolithophores have influenced the global climate for over 200 million years. These marine phytoplankton can account for 20 per cent of total carbon fixation in some systems. They form blooms that can occupy hundreds of thousands of square kilometres and are distinguished by their elegantly sculpted calcium carbonate exoskeletons (coccoliths), rendering them visible from space. Although coccolithophores export carbon in the form of organic matter and calcite to the sea floor, they also release CO2 in the calcification process. Hence, they have a complex influence on the carbon cycle, driving either CO2 production or uptake, sequestration and export to the deep ocean. Here we report the first haptophyte reference genome, from the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi strain CCMP1516, and sequences from 13 additional isolates. Our analyses reveal a pan genome (core genes plus genes distributed variably between strains) probably supported by an atypical complement of repetitive sequence in the genome. Comparisons across strains demonstrate that E. huxleyi, which has long been considered a single species, harbours extensive genome variability reflected in different metabolic repertoires. Genome variability within this species complex seems to underpin its capacity both to thrive in habitats ranging from the equator to the subarctic and to form large-scale episodic blooms under a wide variety of environmental conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Read, Betsy A -- Kegel, Jessica -- Klute, Mary J -- Kuo, Alan -- Lefebvre, Stephane C -- Maumus, Florian -- Mayer, Christoph -- Miller, John -- Monier, Adam -- Salamov, Asaf -- Young, Jeremy -- Aguilar, Maria -- Claverie, Jean-Michel -- Frickenhaus, Stephan -- Gonzalez, Karina -- Herman, Emily K -- Lin, Yao-Cheng -- Napier, Johnathan -- Ogata, Hiroyuki -- Sarno, Analissa F -- Shmutz, Jeremy -- Schroeder, Declan -- de Vargas, Colomban -- Verret, Frederic -- von Dassow, Peter -- Valentin, Klaus -- Van de Peer, Yves -- Wheeler, Glen -- Emiliania huxleyi Annotation Consortium -- Dacks, Joel B -- Delwiche, Charles F -- Dyhrman, Sonya T -- Glockner, Gernot -- John, Uwe -- Richards, Thomas -- Worden, Alexandra Z -- Zhang, Xiaoyu -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 11;499(7457):209-13. doi: 10.1038/nature12221. Epub 2013 Jun 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California 92096, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23760476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carbonic Anhydrases/genetics/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Genome/*genetics ; Haptophyta/classification/*genetics/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Phylogeny ; Phytoplankton/*genetics ; Proteome/genetics ; Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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