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  • 1
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    The near-source ground motion of the 6 August 1979 Coyote Lake, California, earthquake (1983)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., L'wiw, Inst. f. Theoret. Geodäsie, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 201-218, pp. B01408, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Seismology ; Strong motions ; Earthquake ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Source processes of large earthquakes along the Xian-shui-he fault in southwestern China (1983)
    In:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Kunming, China, 3-4, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 537-551, pp. B05301, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
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    Publication Date: 1983
    Keywords: Seismology ; Earthquake ; China ; SModelling ; Source mechanics ; Source ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Attribution of ionospheric vertical plasma drift perturbations to large-scale waves and the dependence on solar activity (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-07
    Description: [1]  In this study we quantify the contribution of individual large-scale waves to ionospheric electrodynamics, and examine the dependence of the ionospheric perturbations on solar activity. We focus on migrating diurnal tide (DW1) plus mean winds, migrating semidiurnal tide (SW2), quasi-stationary planetary wave 1 (QSPW1), and nonmigrating semidiurnal westward wave 1 (SW1) under northern winter conditions, when QSPW1 and SW1 are climatologically strong. From TIME-GCM simulations under solar minimum conditions, it is found that the mean winds and DW1 produce a wave 2 pattern in equatorial vertical E  ×  B drift that is upward in the morning and around dusk. The modeled SW2 also produces a wave 2 pattern in the ionospheric vertical drift that is nearly a half wave cycle out of phase with that due to mean winds and DW1. SW1 can cause large vertical drifts around dawn, while QSPW1 does not have any direct impact on the vertical drift. Wind components of both SW2 and SW1 become large at mid to high latitudes in the E-region, and kernel functions obtained from numerical experiments reveal that they can significantly affect the equatorial ion drift, likely through modulating the E-region wind dynamo. The most evident changes of total ionospheric vertical drift when solar activity is increased are seen around dawn and dusk, reflecting the more dominant role of large F-region Pedersen conductivity and of the F-region dynamo under high solar activity. Therefore, the lower atmosphere driving of the ionospheric variability is more evident under solar minimum conditions, not only because variability is more identifiable in a quieter background, but also because the E-region wind dynamo is more significant. These numerical experiments also demonstrate that the amplitudes, phases and latitudinal and vertical structures of large-scale waves are important in quantifying the ionospheric responses.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Signature splitting, shape evolution, and nearly degenerate bands in ^{108}Ag (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-18
    Description: Author(s): C. Liu (刘晨), S. Y. Wang (王守宇), B. Qi (亓斌), D. P. Sun (孙大鹏), S. Wang (王硕), C. J. Xu (徐长江), L. Liu (刘雷), P. Zhang (张盼), Z. Q. Li (李志泉), B. Wang (王彬), X. C. Shen (沈晓晨), M. R. Qin (秦慕容), H. L. Liu (刘红亮), Y. Gao (高原), L. H. Zhu (竺礼华), X. G. Wu (吴晓光), G. S. Li (李广生), C. Y. He (贺创业), and Y. Zheng (郑云) High spin states in 108 Ag have been studied via in-beam γ spectroscopy techniques using the 104 Ru( 7 Li, 3 n ) reaction. The previously known level scheme has been extended, and a new band structure has been established. The configurations have been tentatively assigned to all observed rotational bands.... [Phys. Rev. C 88, 037301] Published Tue Sep 17, 2013
    Keywords: Nuclear Structure
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Gravity waves simulated by high-resolution Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-15
    Description: For the first time a mesoscale-resolving whole atmosphere general circulation model (GCM) has been developed, using the NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) with ~0.25° horizontal resolution and 0.1 scale height vertical resolution above the middle stratosphere (higher resolution below). This is made possible by the high accuracy and high scalability of the spectral element dynamical core from the High-Order Method Modeling Environment (HOMME). For the simulated January-February period, the latitude-height structure and the magnitudes of the temperature variance compare well with those deduced from SABER observations. The simulation reveals the increasing dominance of gravity waves (GWs) at higher altitudes through both the height dependence of the kinetic energy spectra, which display a steeper slope (~-3) in the stratosphere and an increasingly shallower slope above, and the increasing spatial extent of GWs (including a planetary-scale extent of a concentric GW excited by a tropical cyclone) at higher altitudes. GW impacts on the large-scale flow is evaluated in terms of zonal mean zonal wind and tides: with no GW drag parameterized in the simulations, forcing by resolved GWs does reverse the summer mesospheric wind, albeit at an altitude higher than climatology, and only slows down the winter mesospheric wind without closing it. The hemispheric structures and magnitudes of diurnal and semidiurnal migrating tides compare favorably with observations.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Divergence in Enzymatic Activities in the Soybean GST Supergene Family Provides New Insight into the Evolutionary Dynamics of Whole-Genome Duplicates (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-18
    Description: Whole-genome duplication (WGD), or polyploidy, is a major force in plant genome evolution. A duplicate of all genes is present in the genome immediately following a WGD event. However, the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for the loss of, or retention and subsequent functional divergence of polyploidy-derived duplicates remain largely unknown. In this study we reconstructed the evolutionary history of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family from the soybean genome, and identified 72 GST duplicated gene pairs formed by a recent Glycine -specific WGD event occurring approximately 13 Ma. We found that 72% of duplicated GST gene pairs experienced gene losses or pseudogenization, whereas 28% of GST gene pairs have been retained in the soybean genome. The GST pseudogenes were under relaxed selective constraints, whereas functional GSTs were subject to strong purifying selection. Plant GST genes play important roles in stress tolerance and detoxification metabolism. By examining the gene expression responses to abiotic stresses and enzymatic properties of the ancestral and current proteins, we found that polyploidy-derived GST duplicates show the divergence in enzymatic activities. Through site-directed mutagenesis of ancestral proteins, this study revealed that nonsynonymous substitutions of key amino acid sites play an important role in the divergence of enzymatic functions of polyploidy-derived GST duplicates. These findings provide new insights into the evolutionary and functional dynamics of polyploidy-derived duplicate genes.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Variability and predictability of the space environment as related to lower atmosphere forcing (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: The Earth's thermosphere and ionosphere (TI) are characterized by perpetual variability as integral parts of the atmosphere system, with intermittent disturbances from solar and geomagnetic forcing. This review examines how the TI variability is affected by processes originating from the lower atmosphere, and implications for quantifying and forecasting the TI. This aspect of the TI variability has been increasingly appreciated in recent years from both observational and numerical studies, especially during the last extended solar minimum. This review focuses on the role of atmospheric waves, including tides, planetary waves, gravity waves and acoustic waves, which become increasingly significant as they propagate from their source region to the upper atmosphere. Recent studies have led to better understanding of how these waves directly or indirectly affect TI wind, temperature and compositional structures, the circulation pattern, neutral and ion species transport, and ionospheric wind dynamo. The variability of these waves on daily to inter-annual scales has been found to significantly impact the TI variability. Several outstanding questions and challenges have been highlighted: (i) Large, seemingly stochastic, day-to-day variability of tides in the TI; (ii) Control of model error in the TI region by the lower atmosphere; (iii) The increasing importance of processes with shorter spatial and temporal scales at higher altitudes. Addressing these challenges requires model capabilities to assimilate observations of both lower and upper atmosphere, and higher model resolution to capture complex interactions among processes over a broad of range scales and extended altitudes.
    Print ISSN: 1539-4964
    Electronic ISSN: 1542-7390
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Deformation and its influence on K isomerism in neutron-rich Hf nuclei (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-24
    Description: Author(s): H. L. Liu, F. R. Xu, P. M. Walker, and C. A. Bertulani We investigate the influence of deformation on the possible occurrence of long-lived K isomers in Hf isotopes around N =116 , using configuration-constrained calculations of potential-energy surfaces. Despite having reduced shape elongation, the multiquasiparticle states in 186,188 Hf remain moderately... [Phys. Rev. C 83, 067303] Published Thu Jun 23, 2011
    Keywords: Nuclear Structure
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 9
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    Causes of the longitudinal differences in the equatorial vertical ExB drift during the 2013 SSW period as simulated by the TIME-GCM (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-25
    Description: During stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) periods large changes in the low latitude vertical drift have been observed at Jicarmarca as well as in other longitudinal sectors. In general a strengthening of the daytime maximum vertical drift with a shift from pre-noon to the afternoon is observed. During the January 2013 stratospheric warming significant longitudinal differences in the equatorial vertical drift were observed. At Jicarmarca the previously reported SSW behavior prevails, however no shift of the daytime maximum drift was exhibited in the African sector. Using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIME-GCM) the possible causes for the longitudinal difference are examined. The timing of the strong SSW effect in the vertical drift (15–20 January) coincides with moderate geomagnetic activity. The simulation indicates that approximately half of the daytime vertical drift increase in the American sector may be related to the moderate geophysical conditions (Kp=4) with the effect being negligible in the African sector. The simulation suggests that the wind dynamo accounts for approximately 50% of the daytime vertical drift in the American sector and almost 100% in the Africansector. The simulation agrees with previous findings that the migrating solar tides and the semidiurnal westward propagating tide with zonal wave number 1 (SW1) mainly contribute to the daytime wind dynamo and vertical drift. Numerical experiments suggest that the neutral wind and the geomagnetic main field contribute to the presence (absence) of a local time shift in the daytime maximum drift in the American (African) sector.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Momentum budget of the migrating diurnal tide in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model at vernal equinox (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-14
    Description: The momentum budget of the migrating diurnal tide (DW1) at the vernal equinox is studied using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 4 (WACCM4). Classical tidal theory provides an appropriate first-order prediction of the DW1 structure, while gravity wave (GW) forcing and advection are the two most dominant terms in the momentum equation that account for the discrepancies between classical tidal theory and the calculation based on the full primitive equations. It differs from the conclusion by McLandress (2002a) that the parameterized GW effect is substantially weaker than advection terms based on the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM). In the region where DW1 maintains a large amplitude, GW forcing in the wave breaking region always damps DW1 and advances its phase. The linear advection largely determined by the latitudinal shear of the zonal mean zonal wind makes a dominant contribution to the phase change of DW1 in the zonal wind compared to the GW forcing and nonlinear advection. However, nonlinear advection is more important than GW forcing and linear advection in modulating the amplitude and phase of DW1 in the meridional wind. The DW1 amplitudes in temperature and winds are smaller than the TIMED observations, suggesting that GW forcing is overestimated in the WACCM4 and results in a large damping of DW1.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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