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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizing diversity in salmon from the Pacific Northwest (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 59 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Information developed during recently completed evaluations of the status of seven species of anadromous Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the Pacific Northwest was used to characterize patterns of intraspecific diversity along three major axes: ecology, life history and biochemical genetics. Within the study area, the species’ ranges, and therefore the number of distinct ecological regions inhabited differ considerably, with pink and chum salmon limited to the northern areas and chinook salmon and steelhead distributed over the widest geographic range. The species showed comparable differences in the patterns of life history and genetic diversity, with chinook and sockeye salmon and steelhead having the most major diversity groups and pink, chum and coho salmon having the least. Both life history and genetic diversity showed a strong, positive correlation with the extent of ecological diversity experienced by a species, and the correlation between the number of major genetic and life history groups within a species was even stronger (r=0.96; P〈0.05). Departures from these general diversity relationships found in some species (especially sockeye and coho salmon and cutthroat trout) can be explained by different interactions with the freshwater environment and, for cutthroat trout, by the occurrence of substantial intrapopulational diversity in life history traits, a hierarchical level not considered in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb01376.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and population genetic structure of river- and sea-type sockeye salmon in western North America (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 8 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract– In contrast to the well-known "lake-type" sockeye salmon, two additional anadromous life-history types have been recognized within the species: ‘river-type’ sockeye salmon whose juveniles spend 1 or 2 years in off-channel river habitats prior to migrating to sea, and “sea-type” sockeye salmon that initially rear in similar river habitats yet migrate to sea as underyearlings. Persistent populations of river-/sea-type sockeye salmon occur in small numbers throughout the species’range in North America but are usually associated with glacier-fed rivers. We found published and unpublished records showing that riverine-spawning sockeye salmon occur in 11 rivers in western Washington, USA, that don't have access to juvenile lake-rearing habitat. Evidence of persistent spawning was strongest for the Nooksack and Skagit rivers in northern Puget Sound. We analyzed allozyme frequency differentiation in 26 laketype and 12 river-/sea-type populations of sockeye salmon in North America, ranging from northern Puget Sound, Washington (including 3 in the Nooksack and Skagit rivers) to northern Southeast Alaska. Across this 2000 km range, river-/sea-type sockeye salmon showed very little genetic differentiation between populations, much less than that displayed by the highly divergent lake-type sockeye salmon. Genetic similarity among river-/sea-type sockeye salmon in this study is likely a result of common ancestry and a high level of historical gene flow among river-/sea-type sockeye salmon populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1999.tb00069.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute toxicity of tributyltin (TBT) to early life history stages of the hard shell clam,Mercenaria mercenaria (1989)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 42 (1989), S. 352-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01699960
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary relationships among deep-sea mytilids (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from hydrothermal vents and cold-water methane/sulfide seeps (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 121 (1995), S. 477-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A protein electrophoretic survey of mytilids inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold-water methane/sulfide seeps revealed electromorph patterns diagnostic of 10 distinct species. From hydrothermal vents located at sites on the Galápagos Rift, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and the Mariana Back Arc Basin, we detected four species of mytilids. Six additional species were detected from three cold-water seep sides in the Gulf of Mexico. The patchy distribution and temporal stability of seeps may provide a greater opportunity for mytilid diversification and persistence than vent sites Nei's genetic distances (D) between species were relatively large (range: 0.528 to ∞) both within and among habitat types. This pronounced degree of genetic differentiation suggests a relatively ancient common ancestor for the group. Phylogenetic trees were generated using distance Wagner and parsimony analyses of allozyme and morphological characters. The tree topologies obtained from both methods support: (1) the hypothesis that a seep ancestor gave rise to the deep-sea hydrothermal vent mytilids, (2) a historical progression from shallow-water to deep-water habitats, and (3) a co-evolutionary progression from external to internal localization of bacterial symbionts. Whether the seep mytilid taxa constitute paraphyletic or polyphyletic groups remains unresolved. Our phylogenetic hypotheses also provide a benchmark for the phylogeny of mytilid bacterial symbionts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349456
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary relationships of deep-sea hydrothermal vent and cold-water seep clams (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae): results from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 130 (1997), S. 151-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phylogenetic relationships among vesicomyid clams (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) and their placement within the order Heterodonta were examined using mitochondrial encoded cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA sequences. The presently analyzed vesicomyids represent a recent monophyletic radiation that probably occurred within the Cenozoic. Nucleotide phylogenetic analyses resolved discrete clades that were consistent with currently recognized species: Calyptogena magnifica, C. ponderosa, Ectenagena extenta, C. phaseoliformis, Vesicomya cordata, Calyptogena n. sp. (Gulf of Mexico), C. kaikoi, C. nautilei, C. solidissima and C. soyoae (Type-A). However, specimens variously identified as: V. gigas, C. kilmeri, C. pacifica, and V. lepta comprised two “species complexes”, each composed of multiple evolutionary lineages. Most taxa are limited to hydrothermal-vent or cold-seep habitats, but the “vent” versus “seep” clams do not constitute separate monophyletic groups. Current applications of the generic names Calyptogena, Ectenagena, and Vesicomya are not consistent with phylogenetic inferences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050234
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the pericalymma larva of Solemya reidi (Bivalvia: Cryptodonta: Solemyidae) as revealed by light and electron microscopy (1986)
    Springer
    Marine biology 93 (1986), S. 411-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Solemya reidi Bernard 1980 is a gutless protobranch bivalve known to possess intracellular chemoautotrophic bacterial symbionts in its gill. A light and electron microscope study on the embryology and larval development of S. reidi provides data for the bivalve Subclass Cryptodonta. S. reidi spontaneously spawned large eggs (271 μm in diameter), which developed within individual gelatious egg capsules. The first several cleavages were equal and a distinct molluscan cross was formed at the animal pole of the embryo, features previously unreported in bivalve development. Lecithotrophic pericalymma larvae (similar to the larvae of paleotaxodont protobranch bivalves and aplacophoran molluscs) hatched at 18 to 24 h and remained in the water column for a further 5 d at 10°C. At hatching, larvae measured from 360 to 440 μm in length and from 225 to 265 μm in cross-sectional diameter. Definitive adult structures developed within an epithelial locomotory test entirely covered with compound cilia. The test histolysed at metamorphosis and was ingested throught the mouth into the perivisceral cavity. Length and height of the shell following metamorphosis was 433 μm (±42 μm, n=16) and 282 μm (± 29 μm, n=13), respectively. Primary data and data from the literature show that the type of larval development in both paleotaxodont and cryptodont bivalves cannot be reliably estimated from egg or prodissoconch sizes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Larval and post-larval morphogenesis in the gutless protobranch bivalve Solemya reidi (Cryptodonta: Solemyidae) (1988)
    Springer
    Marine biology 97 (1988), S. 373-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Structural changes occurring in the alimentary tract, perivisceral cavity, foot, hypobranchial gland, and gills of larval and post-larval Solemya reidi, a gutless protobranch bivalve, were examined using both light and electron microscopy at 1, 3, 5, 18, 34 and 42 d after fertilization. A fully developed mouth, esophagus, and anus, together with the rudiments of a stomach and rectum are present before metamorphosis. At metamorphosis, the cells making up the dorsal and lateral walls of the stomach dissociate, and by 18 d the mouth and anus are the only remaining portions of the alimentary tract. The larval test is ingested into the perivisceral cavity at metamorphosis and its autolysis continues through at least the 42nd day after fertilization. The foot, gills, and hypobranchial gland, poorly developed at metamorphosis, develop slowly and are still undergoing extensive morphogenesis at 42 d.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397768
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of bacteria with larvae of the gutless protobranch bivalve Solemya reidi (Cryptodonta: Solemyidae) (1988)
    Springer
    Marine biology 97 (1988), S. 389-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rod-shaped bacteria were consistently observed by transmission electron microscopy in the locomotory test of larvae and in the perivisceral cavity of post-larvae of Solemya reidi, a gutless protobranch bivalve known to possess intracellular chemoautotrophic bacterial symbionts in the adult gill. Bacteria develop within granular vesicles in the larval test, where they either remain to be ingested at metamorphosis, or are released into the space separating the test and embryo, to be subsequently ingested through the larval mouth. In either case, bacteria lie within the perivisceral cavity following metamorphosis. Bacteria were not seen either in or on gametes or in gills of juveniles. It is hypothesized that these bacteria represent a transmission stage of the gill symbionts present in adult S. reidi and are not evident in gametes or gills of juveniles due to cryptic packaging within granular vesicles. Perpetuation of this symbiosis would therefore be assured through vertical transmission, as is typical of other marine invertebrate-bacteria endosymbioses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397769
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  • 9
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    Microsatellite DNA analysis of Pacific hake Merluccius productus population structure in the Salish Sea (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-01
    Description: This study presents the first microsatellite DNA study of population structure of Pacific hake, Merluccius productus (also known as Pacific whiting) within the Salish Sea, which has been identified as a distinct population segment under the US Endangered Species Act and is currently listed as a federal Species of Concern. In contrast, a separate coastal stock component of Pacific hake represents the most abundant commercial groundfish species on the US West Coast. We surveyed variation at 10 microsatellite DNA loci in a total of 655 individuals from three Salish Sea locations (Port Susan (PTS) and Dabob Bay in Washington and south-central Strait of Georgia (SOG) in British Columbia), three coastal locations (two off southern California and one in the Gulf of Alaska), and the Northern Gulf of California (GOC), México. No significant differences were detected among temporal samples from both PTS and SOG locations. Multilocus measures of population subdivision between coastal and Salish Sea populations (all pairwise F ST ≥ 0.03) and between PTS and SOG populations ( F ST ≥ 0.01) suggest a moderate degree of demographic isolation among these spawning populations. No significant genetic differences were found among the three coastal Pacific hake samples; however, Pacific hake from the GOC were significantly differentiated from both coastal ( F ST 〉 0.05) and Salish Sea ( F ST ≥ 0.03) Pacific hake. Correlations between genetic and geographic distance showed that Pacific hake display a very strong isolation by distance signal, both over the whole study area (~4500 km; r 2 = 0.94) and within the Salish Sea (~280 km; r 2 = 0.72). This study suggests that PTS and SOG populations are to some extent demographically isolated from each other.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Acute toxicity of tributyltin (TBT) to early life history stages of the hard shell clam,Mercenaria mercenaria (1989)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0007-4861
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0800
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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