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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of internal field and visualization of 180° domains in congruent LiTaO3 crystals (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 6099-6106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have observed a strong correlation between the internal fields and the infrared absorption spectra of OH− ions in congruent LiTaO3 crystals. After reversal of the direction of polarization (Ps) of the crystal by an electric field at room temperature, (a) the internal field is antiparallel to Ps, (b) the relative intensities of the infrared absorption bands of OH− ions (at ∼3462, ∼3476, and ∼3490 cm−1) change, and (c) the 180° domain walls are visible under a light microscope. Annealing the domain-reversed crystal at 200 °C or above and cooling back to 25 °C has the following effects: (a) The internal field realigns parallel to Ps. (b) The shape of the OH− spectrum returns to the shape observed before domain reversal. The time–temperature dependence of the shape of the infrared absorption spectrum of OH− ions also shows the same characteristics as that of the realignment process for the internal field. (c) The optical domain wall contrast becomes extremely weak. Infrared absorption studies suggest that domain inversion as well as the heating of LiTaO3 crystal induce structural changes that are similar in nature. It is proposed that the origin of internal fields lies in OH− ions and/or nonstoichiometric point defects in the LiTaO3 crystals. We also explain the optical 180° domain wall contrast based on internal fields. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363684
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erasable laser recording in an organic dye-binder optical disk medium (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 2932-2937 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Erasability in an overcoated organic dye-binder medium has been demonstrated. With thin (∼50 nm) overcoats on such media, a laser pulse forms a pit in the dye-binder layer, while the overcoat forms a dome over the pit. Information is erased by heating the rim material with low laser power which fills the recorded pit. During recording into a thickly (∼300 nm) overcoated recording medium, material flow occurs from the trailing edge towards the leading edge of the mark. Results of modeling, observations of pit morphology, evidence of long-term stability, and measurements of optical disk performance are presented for thinly and thickly overcoated erasable organic dye-binder layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337081
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between structural and optical properties in proton-exchanged LiNbO3 (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 3083-3085 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a correlation of the structural characterization of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 provided by ion beam and x-ray analysis with the optical characterization provided by refractive index and second-harmonic generation measurements. The process of proton exchange induces disorder in the crystal lattice of LiNbO3. Subsequent thermal annealing removes only partially the lattice disorder and, in particular, the near surface region of the samples generally remains highly distorted. Results of x-rays studies indicate that the proton exchange induces a strain in the lattice and thermal annealing partially recovers it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107969
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain inversion in LiTaO3 by electron beam (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Domain inversion in Z-cut LiTaO3 by injecting electrons into negative C face was observed but no domain inversion was observed on injecting electrons on positive C face. At low electron-beam currents, small multidomains are observed. At a scan rate of 2 μm/s and beam current of 100 pA, a domain width of about 6 μm was obtained. We present results of domain width and domain size variation with electron-beam scan rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107352
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple-crystal x-ray topographic characterization of periodically domain-inverted KTiOPO4 crystal (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 13-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A periodically domain-inverted KTiOPO4 crystal has been characterized for the first time by multiple-crystal multiple-reflection x-ray topography. The striation contrast within the domain- inverted regions has been revealed in high strain-sensitivity reflection topographs. The origin of formation of the striation contrast and the mechanism of domain inversion in KTiOPO4 are discussed in terms of the structural characteristics of KTiOPO4. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114165
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second-harmonic generation in bulk and waveguided LiTaO3 with domain inversion induced by electron beam scanning (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 3210-3212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bulk quasi-phase-matched frequency doubling experiments are reported for a lithium tantalate crystal which was periodically poled through its 0.5 mm thickness by electron beam scanning. The measured phase-matching bandwidth of 1 nm for the 2-mm-long domain inverted section was close to the theoretical value of 0.4 nm, although the conversion efficiency was lower than theoretically expected. Chemical etching revealed domain duty-cycle variations and incomplete inversions which are likely to have caused the lower conversion efficiency. Frequency doubling in waveguides fabricated in this material produced a normalized conversion efficiency of 290%/W cm2 and a phase matching bandwidth of 0.3 nm for a 1-mm-long domain inverted region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111339
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain inversion in KTiOPO4 using electron beam scanning (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1167-1169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Domain inversion in c-cut KTiOPO4 was produced by scanning an electron beam on the −c face. The domain reversal occurred through the 1 mm thickness of the sample. Second-harmonic conversion efficiency of 7×10−5 was measured for a fifth-order grating by focusing the beam to a 7 μm spot in a 500-μm-long domain-inverted KTP crystal. This efficiency is close to the theoretical value of 9×10−5. The measured phase matching bandwidth was 1.9 nm, which is in agreement with the theoretical value of 1.5 nm indicating that the domain-inverted grating is reasonably uniform over its entire length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109811
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of proton exchange on the nonlinear optical properties of LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 2263-2265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of proton exchange carried out using benzoic and pyrophosphoric acid on the nonlinear optical coefficient (d) of LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 was studied using a second-harmonic generation reflectance technique. Significant degradation in the d coefficient of LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 was observed as a result of proton exchange with either benzoic or pyrophosphoric acid under the conditions studied. Some recovery only in the short time proton-exchanged sample (0.5 h at 180 °C) of LiNbO3 was observed under thermal annealing at 350 °C for 1 h. Results of in situ measurement of second-harmonic signal recovery under thermal annealing are reported. Results are also presented on theoretical and experimental variations of second-harmonic generation intensity with an incident polarization angle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108259
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain inversion in LiNbO3 using direct electron-beam writing (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 2828-2830 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A 3-μm periodic domain-inverted pattern on the C− face of LiNbO3 has been written using direct electron-beam writing for first-order gratings used in second harmonic generation. The domain formation mechanism has been investigated, especially the shape of the domain and need for a conductor on the C+ face during the electron-beam writing process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106837
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time dependence of ferroelectric coercive field after domain inversion for lithium-tantalate crystal (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1066-1068 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We found the ferroelectric coercive field of LiTaO3, both in forward and reverse direction, vary with time after the domain is inverted. The coercive field drops when the domain is inverted, then gradually recovers. This phenomenon is light sensitive. The existence of a net time-varying internal electric field after domain inversion is hypothesized. The internal field is composed of the depolarization field, which is due to the spontaneous electric dipole moments, and an opposite direction time-varying space-charge field which is due to the redistribution of free-carriers transport under the influence of the depolarization field. Electro-optical effect caused by the internal electric field has been observed by means of an in situ optical monitoring technique for the domain inversion process. The in situ optical monitoring technique is based on using the LiTaO3 thin-plate crystal as a low finesse Fabry–Perot interferometer. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114466
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