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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fullerene-linked particles as LC chromatographic media and modification of their electron donor/acceptor properties by secondary chemical reactions (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Microcolumn Separations 5 (1993), S. 223-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: fullerene-linked polymer ; fullerene-linked silica ; synthesis ; stationary phases ; microcolumns ; polycyclic aromatics ; polychlorinated biphenyls ; environmental contaminants ; liquid chromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fullerenes (C60 and C70) linked to small silica or polymer particles provide novel chromatographic stationary phases with electron donor/acceptor surface interactions that may parallel those of aromatic carbons. Separations of fullerenes and aromatic compounds frequently encountered as environmental contaminants were investigated using LC microcolumns containing either particles prepared from BrHC60 linked to amino-silica (Spherisorb-NH2, Phenomenex) or porous polymers containing ca. 12% fullerene by weight. The polystyrene divinylbenzene (PSDVB)-C60/70H column had greater capacity (k') than the Si—NH—C60/70H column. Toluene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, and perylene, were retained in the order of increasing ring number; nitro-substituents increased retention; and chlorinated-dibenzo-p-dioxins and -dibenzofurans were more strongly retained than their parent compounds. PCB congeners with no chlorine in the ortho, ortho'-positions are co-planar and are strongly retained; for these isomers, retention increased with higher chlorination. We demonstrate that surface-linked fullerenes can also accommodate further chemical modification through the addition of 2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl or -NH—CH2CH2NH2 moieties to yield altered electron donor/acceptor affinity. Separations appear to be derived primarily from aromatic electron induced dipole-dipole or electron-pair donor or acceptor interactions (charge transfer complexes). Except for the fullerenes, surface interactions with compounds are largely suppressed with methylene chloride as the mobile phase.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220050307
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Surface‒functionalized, probe‒containing, polymeric nanospheres for biomedical imaging (2002)
    IOS Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-01
    Description: Nanoparticles may be bound covalently to biological macromolecules for imaging, reporting, or delivery of therapeutic agents. The nanospheres of this report range from 15 nm to 30 nm in diameter, depending on the composition, although each type of nanosphere varies only ±5 nm from its mean. These nanospheres are smaller than an antibody, so may be used in the same way as other antibody labels such as enzymes in immunoassay. A double micelle forms the core of these nanospheres, in which a water pool contains approximately 1200 ionic probes such as fluorescent lanthanides, ferrite, borohydrides for BNCT, or hydrophilic therapeutic agents. Stability is imparted to the double micelle by a polymeric net that is woven into the hydrophobic zone, allowing control of diffusion. Imagable atoms may be incorporated as monomers into this polymeric net, providing as many as 200,000 fluorine atoms for19F MRI or 40,000 iodide atoms for CAT. The surfaces of the nanospheres may be tailored with hundreds of active groups such as acids or amines for later conjugation, and also polar groups such as esters, alcohols, and amino acids to suit the intended environment. The finished nanospheres may be conjugated to macromolecules using rapid, simple reactions.
    Print ISSN: 0712-4813
    Electronic ISSN: 1875-922X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by IOS Press
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