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  • 1
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    The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
    Publication Date: 2015-06-02
    Description: As the birthplace of the oil and gas industry, Azerbaijan’s long and rich history is intertwined with hydrocarbon production, with oil drilling pre-dating activity in Pennsylvania by 13 years. The involvement of foreign oil companies in the late 1800s, including the Nobel Brothers, resulted in the country becoming the world’s foremost oil producer at the turn of that century. The Soviet era precluded further international investment, but saw a dramatic growth in gas production commencing in the 1920s. The 1990s witnessed the return of the IOCs with the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli field (oil and associated gas) and the Shah Deniz (gas and condensate) field developments reversing the trend of production decline and creating an export surplus in both oil and gas. In this paper, Gulmira Rzayeva provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges which were surmounted in the development of the Shah Deniz field, not least of which related to establishing export pipelines and marketing arrangements in Turkey, and (for Phase 2) Europe. Turning to the future, the paper details the nature and estimated potential of partially developed fields, discoveries at varying stages of appraisal and prospective structures in the Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian Sea. Apart from the inevitable range of uncertainty over future production levels and timing, what emerges are the twin challenges of drilling rig availability (it being impossible to bring an assembled rig into the Caspian due to width restrictions on the Volga-Don canal) and the highly challenging sub-surface drilling conditions. The modest prospects for domestic gas demand growth and Azerbaijan’s geographic location require that any future gas field development decision will also require a degree of certainty on export infrastructure capacity to the primary target markets of Turkey and South and South East Europe. These issues are covered in detail.   Executive Summary The post The Outlook for Azerbaijani Gas Supplies to Europe – Challenges and Perspectives appeared first on Oxford Institute for Energy Studies .
    Print ISSN: 0959-7727
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Sociology , Economics
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
    Publication Date: 2013-06-13
    Description: This report will examine the Turkish domestic natural gas market, as of it is current state and recent development, but also provide analytical prognosis. Taking into account that the Turkish domestic gas market is in its early days of the liberalization, it will analyze the questions as how Turkey will conduct its relations with gas suppliers such as Azerbaijan, Russia, Iran, Iraq and possibly Turkmenistan. This, especially important as Turkey’s consumption requirements grew steadily in recent years and expected to raise further. It will examine questions whether there is an obvious evolutionary development path for gas in the Turkish energy sector and if yes, whether this supported by policy or by default. The research aims at examining of the Third Party Access (TPA) to the transport grid of BOTAŞ and the Natural Gas Market Law No. 4646 that was adopted in 2001 as a fundamental step to establish a liberal natural gas market in Turkey. The lack of full implementation of this law 12 years since the Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA) has passed the law is the main impediment for Turkey to become a gas trading hub, that requires the fully liberalized domestic market. It will examine how will Turkey’s domestic gas market structure develop going forward in terms of market architecture (hubs) and key players? What is the general outlook for Turkish gas demand going forward?   The report will also look at the extend to which Regulation of the TPA to LNG terminals (which was published by EMRA in 2009, and rules and procedures about utilization of BOTAŞ Marmara Ereglisi LNG Terminal and EGEGAZ Aliaga LNG Terminal by the third parties are approved and come into the force by 2010), will contribute to diversification of the supply source of Turkey when demand growth rapidly. Given the fact that Turkey is at the present the only gas market in the Southeastern Europe showing massive demand growth, should the focus of Turkey and its suppliers shift to the Turkish domestic gas market itself rather than as a transit terrain? The post Gas in the Turkish Energy Market: Policy and Challenges appeared first on Oxford Institute for Energy Studies .
    Print ISSN: 0959-7727
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Sociology , Economics
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
    Publication Date: 2014-02-11
    Description: Over the past 10 years or so Turkey has featured prominently in the various schemes to open a ‘fourth corridor’ of gas supply to the core European national gas markets.  The grandeur of earlier visions has morphed into a pragmatic and initially more modest scheme to supply 10 Bcm/yr of gas beyond Turkey.  With the Euro-centric political excitement around ‘Nabucco’ on the wane the importance of the Turkish gas market in its own right has been overlooked. In the post financial crisis period it should be noted that Turkey is the only significant European regional gas market to have shown strong growth post 2009 and its 45 Bcm consumption in 2012 places it on a par with France.  With domestic production contributing only 2% of its requirements Turkey imports pipeline gas from Russia, Azerbaijan and Iran and LNG from a number of supplier countries.  Its likely continued rapid gas demand growth raises challenges not only of project logistics and timings but also, given its geographic location, those of a geopolitical dimension.  In addition to its long held aspiration to become a regional gas transit ‘bridge’ between Central Asia, Iran and Iraq and Europe, Turkey is also in the process of liberalizing its gas market, with mixed success to date. It seems a paradox that the important, fast growing gas markets are also those with least data and analysis available.  This has certainly been the case with Turkey.  I am especially grateful to Gulmira Rzayeva for this paper, which is possibly the only comprehensive one in the Engligh language on the Turkish gas market in recent times. Her dedication in conducting in-country research and interviews with key figures is admirable and in keeping with the record of the Gas Programme of insightful research on highly relevant market developments in this increasingly interconnected world of natural gas. The post Natural Gas in the Turkish Domestic Energy Market – Policies and Challenges appeared first on Oxford Institute for Energy Studies .
    Print ISSN: 0959-7727
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Sociology , Economics
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