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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crack formation during laser cutting of silicon (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 983-989 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A proposed semiquantitative model for crack formation during laser cutting of single holes in silicon wafers and ribbons predicts that compressive plastic deformation should occur in an annular region surrounding the hole during cutting. When the annular region cools to room temperature, the residual circumferential stresses are predicted to be tensile in the deformed zone and compressive outside. The predicted residual radial stresses are tensile everywhere and are maximum at the deformed zone boundary. The presence of a plastically deformed zone was confirmed by etch pit studies in originally dislocation-free Czochralski silicon. Radial cracks were observed to terminate at the deformed zone boundary and circumferential cracks were observed to follow the deformed zone boundary. Both of these observations are qualitative confirmation of the proposed model of crack formation. Holographic interferometry was used to measure the residual displacement field relative to the uncut state but no residual displacements were observed. The lack of observable residual displacements was attributed to the relaxation of residual stresses by crack growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347291
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A highly conserved N-terminal sequence for teleost vitellogenin with potential value to the biochemistry, molecular biology and pathology of vitellogenesis (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 46 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: N-terminal amino acid sequences for vitellogenin (Vtg) from six species of teleost fish (striped bass, mummichog, pinfish, brown bullhead, medaka, yellow perch and the sturgeon) are compared with published N-terminal Vtg sequences for the lamprey, clawed frog and domestic chicken. Striped bass and mummichog had 100% identical amino acids between positions 7 and 21, while pinfish, brown bullhead, sturgeon, lamprey, Xenopus and chicken had 87%, 93%, 60%, 47%, 47-60%) for four transcripts and had 40% identical, respectively, with striped bass for the same positions. Partial sequences obtained for medaka and yellow perch were 100% identical between positions 5 to 10. The potential utility of this conserved sequence for studies on the biochemistry, molecular biology and pathology of vitellogenesis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb05966.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disinfection of Sewage Effluents: The Jersey Experience (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 7 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: About 35 years ago the island of Jersey in the Channel Islands set about rationalizing and modernizing its sewage-treatment operations. Treatment was carried out in one central, advanced sewagetreatment works producing a Royal Commission effluent which received nominal dilution in a small stream before discharging into the sea in one of the foremost bathing areas on the island.In 1989, a thorough investigation was carried out on the options to secure an environmentally acceptable solution to effluent disposal. The investigation concluded that disinfection, in combination with a change to the outfall discharge point, offered the most cost-effective solution. Alternative disinfection techniques were identified, which recognized the nature and sensitivity of the receiving waters and the limited space available on the site. Only ultraviolet disinfection was suitable.An ultraviolet disinfection system depends on the exposure of the micro-organisms causing disease to their germicidal wavelength. Light of this wavelength (about 253.7 nanometres) is absorbed by the nucleic acids in the cell which damages or rearranges the genetic information, effectively rendering the cell unable to replicate and resulting in the death of the cell.In over 300 installations in North America the system has proven to be reliable, simple, economic and, above all, environmentally acceptable.An ultraviolet disinfection system is currently being installed at Bellozanne, Jersey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1993.tb00876.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal Drying of Sewage Sludge (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 7 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Over the next decade the UK will experience significant, imposed changes in the quantity of sewage sludge produced and in the means available for its disposal. Existing practices are being reappraised and new technologies are being explored to cope with a predicted 40% increase in the quantity for disposal. Thermal drying of sludge undoubtedly has a role to play in coping with this demand.The two principal process types, i.e. direct and indirect heat application, are appraised in depth and a comparison is drawn. A case study is identified to examine the energy demands of the process, including the potential for heat recovery and for resource reuse. The environmental impact of a typical process is also examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1993.tb00843.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultra-Violet Disinfection of Sewage Effluents: A Pilot Study at Bellozanne, Jersey (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: In March 1990 a pilot ultra-violet disinfection plant was installed at the sewage-treatment works in Bellozanne, Jersey. The pilot plant was set up to test the ability of the process to meet certain defined objectives and, ultimately, to enable the island authorities to satisfy stringent water quality objectives in the receiving waters of St Aubins Bay.The pilot study simulated an open channel installation using medium pressure ultra-violet lamps parallel to the direction of flow. The pilot plant was supplied by Trojan Technologies Inc.The pilot study met its objectives and confirmed the design parameters for a full-scale plant installation to follow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1991.tb00683.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and Construction of Bellozanne Slude-Treatment Plant, Jersey (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1991.tb00620.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FRICTIONAL EFFECTS ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN β -ANNEALED Ti-6Al-4V (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 11 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The crack tip cyclic heat generation rate, fatigue crack growth rate, and the crack closure stress were measured in a β-annealed Ti-6Al-4V for R ratios of -0.1, 0.1 and 0.2. The R= -0.1 and 0.1 cases exhibited macroscopic crack closure and the R = 0.2 case exhibited no macroscopic crack closure as measured by strain gage techniques. There was a transition in the slope of the da/dN vs ΔK curve for the closure cases and no transition for the no-closure case. The crack tip heat generation rate above the transition for the closure cases was an order of magnitude greater than for the no-closure case. Also the crack tip heat generation rate below the transition was greater for the closure cases than for the no-closure case. The transition in the heat generation rate and the crack growth rate was attributed to a transition from static frictional locking of shear branch cracks to sliding of the branch crack surfaces. Below the transition the crack faces are locked open creating a large roughness-induced closure component. When the branch cracks are allowed to undergo reverse shear, the amount of roughness-induced closure markedly decreases and the fracture surface becomes less tortuous. The relative sliding generates the increased heat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1988.tb01171.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HUMID AIR EFFECTS ON CRACK TIP PLASTIC WORK IN 1008 STEEL (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 9 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The cyclic plastic work of fatigue crack propagation, Qpw, and the effective surface energy, U, were measured for an annealed 1008 steel in humid air and dry nitrogen using calorimetry Qpw was not significantly affected by the humid air environment suggesting that the hydrogen generated by the oxidation of iron at the crack tip does not strongly affect the cyclic properties for this material U was identical and constant for the two environments for crack growth rates greater than ∼ 100 A/cycle. Below da/dN∼ 100 A/cycle U decreased rapidly with decreasing δK in the humid air environment It was concluded from these two observations that the main effect of hydrogen on crack growth in this alloy was to lower the atomic surface energy, γ, thereby lowering the local fracture stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1986.tb01210.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN ANALYSIS OF FRICTIONAL EFFECTS ON CYLINDRICAL MODE III FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION SPECIMENS (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 11 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A model predicting the magnitude of frictional effects from fracture surface roughness on mode III fatigue crack growth is presened. Analysis of published data indicates that fracture surface roughness of the order of micrometers or less is enough to account for mode III fatigue crack growth retardation observation for increasing crack lengths for growth at constant ΔK. The model suggests that high strength materials will exhibit a greater resistance to shear crack growth than low strength materials. It also suggests that the resistance to shear crack growth will be more prominent at low nominal applied shear stress. The results of the analysis suggest that the concept of similitude does apply to mode III fatigue crack growth when the effects of friction on the stress intensity factor are included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1988.tb01170.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of plated-hole barrel stress from thermally induced out-of-plane displacement gradients measured by electro-optic holographic interferometry (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 32 (1992), S. 316-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Electro-optic holographic interferometry was used to measure the thermally induced out-of-plane displacement field around both sides of a plated hole on a single layer, FR-4 laminate. The unique features of the electro-optic holographic interferometry technique are described as well as a method for estimating the stress in the barrel from the deflections of the pad. The pad deflections were observed to be roughly axisymmetric and were nearly the same on the front and back of the laminate. The stress was observed to increase at a more rapid rate for temperatures above the glass temperature than below and is of sufficient magnitude to cause plastic deformation in the barrel although none was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02325584
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