ALBERT

Description: Biotic surveys and a comprehensive literature review were undertaken to improve our knowledge of the biodiversity of Bioko and mainland Equatorial Guinea. Bird and mammal surveys were conducted on the mainland, and herpetological and arthropod surveys on Bioko, providing new information on species distributions and abundance. On the mainland, five areas within the proposed preserve system for Equatorial Guinea; Reserva Natural de Rio Campo, Parque Nacional de Los Altos de Nsork, Parque Nacional de Monte Alen (including Montes Mitra), and Reserva Natural del Estuario del Muni, were examined. On Bioko, the two proposed reserve areas, Parque Nacional de Pico Basilé Reserva Científica de la Caldera de Luba, as well as some lowland areas near Luba were examined. Additionally, genetic data were gathered for birds, and combined with previous data from Cameroon, to assess patterns of genetic differentiation within and across mountains in Cameroon and Bioko. We recorded only one species of bird (Malimbus scutatus) that had not been previously reported for mainland Equatorial Guinea, and no new mammals. However, valuable new information on bird and mammal distributions within Rio Muni are presented. In addition, several species and one genus of amphibians were recorded on Bioko for the first time. Approximately a third of the arthropods, including 372 species of spiders were previously unrecorded, and many are unidentifiable from the literature and may be new species. At least three endemic species of Carabid beetles were also discovered. Conservation implications are discussed in each chapter, and in a separate section (Part V) devoted to conservation recommendations

Description: Center for Tropical Research San Francisco State University Department of Biology Sonoma State University

Description: Unpublished

Description: A concept for data publication and semantic enhancements proposed by ZooKeys and applied in the milestone paper by Miller et al. (2009) is described. For the fi rst time in systematic zoology, a unique combination of data publication and semantic enhancements is applied within the mainstream process of journal publishing, to demonstrate how: (1) All primary biodiversity data underlying a taxonomic monograph are published as a dataset under a separate DOI within a paper; (2) The occurrence dataset is separately discoverable and accessible through GBIF data portal (data.gbif.org) simultaneously with the publication; (3) The occurrence dataset is published as a KML (Keyhole Markup Language) file under a distinct DOI to provide an interactive experience in Google Earth; (4) All new taxa (42) are registered at ZooBank during the publication process (mandatory for ZooKeys); (5) All new taxa (42) are provided to Encyclopedia of Life through XML mark up on the day of publication (mandatory for ZooKeys). It is proposed to clearly distinguish between static and dynamic datasets in the way they are published, preserved and cited.

Description: The family Eresidae C. L. Koch, 1850 is reviewed at the genus level. The family comprises nine genera including one new genus. They are: Adonea Simon, 1873, Dorceus C. L. Koch, 1846, Dresserus Simon, 1876, Eresus Walckenaer, 1805, Gandanameno Lehtinen, 1967, Loureedia gen. n., Paradonea Lawrence, 1968, Seothyra Purcell, 1903, and Stegodyphus Simon, 1873. A key to all genera and major lineages is provided along with corresponding diagnoses, as well as descriptions of selected species. These are documented with collections of photographs, scanning electron micrographs, and illustrations. A new phylogeny of Eresidae based on molecular sequence data expands on a previously published analysis. A species of the genus Paradonea Lawrence, 1968 is sequenced and placed phylogenetically for the first time. New sequences from twenty Gandanameno Lehtinen, 1967 specimens were added to investigate species limits within the genus. The genus Loureedia gen. n. is proposed to accommodate Eresus annulipes Lucas, 1857. Two species, Eresus semicanus Simon, 1908 and Eresus jerbae El-Hennawy, 2005, are synonymized with Loureedia annulipes comb. n. One new species, Paradonea presleyi sp. n. is described. Eresus algericus El-Hennawy, 2004 is transferred to Adonea Simon, 1873. The female of Dorceus fastuosus C. L. Koch, 1846 is described for the first time. The first figures depicting Paradonea splendens (Lawrence, 1936) are presented.

Description: Conflicting character evidence and a scarcity of male specimens has historically made placement of the spider subfamily Penestominae Simon problematic. The Penestominae was recently removed from the family Eresidae and promoted to family rank based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study; a complementary taxonomic revision of the Penestomidae is presented here. Penestomidae contains a single genus, Penestomus Simon, 1902. The genus Wajane Lehtinen, 1967 was previously included in the Penestominae, and distinguished from Penestomus based on the lack of a cribellum. Wajane is, in fact, cribellate, and is here synonymized with Penestomus New synonymy. Nine Penestomus species are recognized: four species are redescribed (P. planus Simon, 1902, P. croeseri Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1989, P. stilleri (Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1989), new combination, and P. armatus (Lehtinen, 1967)) new combination, and five species are newly described (P. egazini sp. nov., P. kruger sp. nov., P. montanus sp. nov., P. prendinii sp. n v., and P. zulu sp. nov.). Male specimens are rare in collections; only P. egazini, P. montanus, and P. armatus are known from 2 males, and only P. armatus is unknown from females. A dichotomous key to the species is provided. Data elements in this work have been disseminated across multiple electronic venues, including images on Morphbank, distribution data exposed through GBIF and explorable using Google Earth, new nomenclatural acts registered with ZooBank, and species pages on the Encyclopedia of Life. Where available, species descriptions include links to molecular sequence data on GenBank.

Description: A total of 71 species of the spider subfamily Coelotinae are recorded from Yunnan, China. The seven species that belong to the Coelotes pseudoterrestris species group were revised by Wang et al. (2009). Three species of the genus Pireneitega, one species of the genus Platocoelotes will be studied in a future revision of the genera. The rest of the 60 Draconarius species are described in this study, including 26 new species. All the new species were collected during a 10 year inventory of the Gaoligongshan Mountains in western Yunnan by the California Academy of Sciences and the Hunan Normal University: Draconarius adnatus sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x80), D. anceps sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x80), D. catillus sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x82), D. curvus sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x80), D. duplus sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x80), D. euryembolus sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x82), D. gigas sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x82), D. guoi sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x80), D. improprius sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x80), D. kavanaughi sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x82), D. laticavus sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x80), D. latusincertus sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x80), D. levyi sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x82), D. longlingensis sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x82), D. mikrommatos sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x80), D. olorinus sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x80), D. paraspiralis sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x80), D. pseudoagrestis sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x82), D. pseudospiralis sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x80), D. quattour sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x80), D. renalis sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x80), D. spiralis sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x82\xe2\x99\x80), D. tangi sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x82), D. tridens sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x82), D. xuae sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x80), and D. yani sp. nov. (\xe2\x99\x80). Five species are transferred from Coelotes to Draconarius: Draconarius degeneratus (Liu & Li 2009) comb. nov., D. introhamatus (Xu & Li 2006) comb. nov., D. laohuanglongensis (Liu & Li 2009) comb. nov., D. noctulus (Wang, Yin, Peng & Xie 1990) comb. nov. and D. uncatus (Liu & Li 2009) comb. nov. The males are described for the first time for D. capitulatus Wang 2003, D. pseudobrunneus Wang 2003 and D. pseudocapitulatus Wang 2003. Significant morphological variation in the epigynum and vulva was found in some relatively widespread species, particularly the D. incertus species group, although the males show relatively consistant palpal morphology. Some Draconarius species placement remains uncertain, we prefer to leave them in this genus for now. Gaoligongshan Coelotinae is found to have high levels of species diversity and endemism, and is similar to the species from central and southern China, Himalayas and Thailand. In addition to many species with their own unique characteristics, members belonging to seven species groups are recognized from Gaoligongshan, including Coelotes pseudoterrestris group species from Yunnan and Thailand; Draconarius spiralis group species endemic to Gaoligongshan; Draconarius incertus group species from southwestern China; Draconarius lutulentus group species from the Himalayas to central and southern China; Draconarius laticavus group species from Himalayas and Yunnan; Draconarius gurkha group species from Himalayas and Yunnan; and Draconarius terebratus group species from Yunnan. But no Draconarius venustus group species, which are widespread in East Asia, has been collected from Gaoligongshan. A key to Draconarius from Yunnan is provided.

Description: A ten-year inventory of the Gaoligongshan in western Yunnan Province, China, yielded more than 1000 adult spider specimens belonging to the symphytognathoid families Theridiosomatidae, Mysmenidae, Anapidae, and Symphytognathidae. These specimens belong to 36 species, all herein described as new. In Theridiosomatidae: Epeirotypus dalong sp. n., Ogulnius barbandrewsi sp. n., Baalzebub nemesis sp. n., Theridiosoma diwang sp. n., Theridiosoma shuangbi sp. n., Zoma dibaiyin sp. n., Wendilgarda muji sp. n., Coddingtonia euryopoides gen. n., sp. n.; in Mysmenidae: Mysmena changouzi sp. n., Mysmena jinlong sp. n., Mysmena bizi sp. n., Mysmena goudao sp. n., Mysmena haban sp. n., Mysmena shibali sp. n., Simaoa yaojia gen. n., sp. n., Simaoa kavanaugh sp. n., Simaoa maku sp. n., Simaoa bianjing sp. n., Gaoligonga changya gen. n., sp. n., Gaoligonga zhusun sp. n., Mosu nujiang gen. n. sp. n., Mosu huogou sp. n., Chanea suukyii gen. n., sp. n., Maymena paquini sp. n., Maymena kehen sp. n.; in Anapidae: Gaiziapis zhizhubagen. n., sp. n.; in Symphytognathidae: Patu jidanweishi sp. n., Patu qiqi sp. n., Patu xiaoxiao sp. n., Crassignatha pianma sp. n., Crassignatha yinzhi sp. n., Crassignatha quanqu sp. n., Crassignatha yamu sp. n., Crassignatha ertou sp. n., Crassignatha gudu sp. n., Crassignatha longtou sp. n. The first species of Zoma Saaristo, 1996 (previously monotypic, known from Seychelles) and Maymena Gertsch, 1960 (previously known from the Americas) are reported from China. The genus Crassignatha Wunderlich, 1995 (previously known from a single male from Malaysia) is represented by seven new Chinese species and is transferred to Symphytognathidae. The first Epeirotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 species from beyond the Neotropics is described, although the presence of the genus in Asia was previously noted. Notes on morphological characters exhibited by this fauna and implications for the limits and diagnosis of some symphytognathoid families are given. Dichotomous keys to species are provided. Quantitative biodiversity analysis suggests a high degree of endemism for symphytognathoids in the Gaoligongshan.